This repo contains tests for some JS bundler edge cases that I'm trying to get to work in esbuild relating to the default
/__esModule
interop mess. In the results below, ✅ indicates the result that I think should happen and 🚫 indicates otherwise. The high-level target behavior is this:
-
ESM that has been converted to CJS via Babel sets the
__esModule
flag. When this CJS is imported as ESM, it should behave like the original ESM. In particular, the default export should be equal tomodule.exports.default
instead ofmodule.exports
. -
The above rule is adjusted when the file ends in
.mjs
or.mts
orpackage.json
contains"type": "module"
. In that case node's behavior should be followed instead since it's likely that this code was intended to run using node's ESM support. In particular, the default export should be equal tomodule.exports
instead ofmodule.exports.default
even if__esModule
is present. -
The
__esModule
marker should not be observable from ESM code. It should only be observable when ESM code is imported into CJS code.
Each test has a "direct" version and an "indirect" version. The indirect version uses Math.random()
calls to verify the lack of special-casing regarding how properties are initialized and/or accessed. Certain bundlers do pattern-matching on the AST so for example exports.x = y
might behave differently than exports[z] = y
when z === 'x'
even though those two expressions are equivalent in JavaScript.
All tests have been run through the JS bundlers Webpack, Rollup, Parcel, and esbuild. Tests have additionally been run through node for comparison, although please keep in mind that node is not a JS bundler and shouldn't be expected to implement bundler-specific features such as require()
of ESM code.
Test | esbuild | rolldown | node | webpack | parcel | rollup |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct:entry.js: import * as entry from './entry.js' input.works = entry.__esModule === void 0Indirect: entry.js: import * as entry from './entry.js' input.works = entry[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === void 0 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack 🚫 |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: import './foo.js' foo.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo.__esModule === void 0Indirect: entry.js: import './foo.js' foo.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === void 0 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack 🚫 webpack 🚫 |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo.default === '123' foo.js: module.exports = '123'Indirect: entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'] === '123' foo.js: module[Math.random() < 1 && 'exports'] = '123' |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack 🚫 |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo.__esModule === void 0 && foo.bar === 123 foo.js: export let bar = 123Indirect: entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === void 0 && foo.bar === 123 foo.js: export let bar = 123 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack 🚫 webpack 🚫 |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup 🚫 rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo.__esModule === false && foo.default.bar === 123 foo.js: export let __esModule = false export default { bar: 123 }Indirect: entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === false && foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'].bar === 123 foo.js: export let __esModule = false export default { bar: 123 } |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack 🚫 |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo.default.default.bar === 123 foo.js: exports.__esModule = false exports.default = { bar: 123 }Indirect: entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'].default.bar === 123 foo.js: exports[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] = false exports[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'] = { bar: 123 } |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack 🚫 |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: const foo = require('./foo.js') import * as foo2 from './foo.js' input.works = import('./foo.js').then(foo3 => foo.bar === 123 && foo.__esModule === true && foo2.bar === 123 && foo2.__esModule === void 0 && foo3.bar === 123 && foo3.__esModule === void 0) foo.js: export let bar = 123Indirect: entry.js: const foo = require('./foo.js') import * as foo2 from './foo.js' input.works = import('./foo.js').then(foo3 => foo.bar === 123 && foo2.bar === 123 && foo3.bar === 123 && foo[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === true && foo2[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === void 0 && foo3[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === void 0) foo.js: export let bar = 123 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node 🚫 node 🚫 |
webpack 🚫 webpack 🚫 |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: const entry = require('./entry.js') input.works = entry.__esModule === void 0 exports.foo = 123Indirect: entry.js: const entry = require('./entry.js') input.works = entry[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === void 0 exports.foo = 123 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown 🚫 rolldown 🚫 |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: const entry = require('./entry.js') input.works = entry.__esModule === true export {}Indirect: entry.js: const entry = require('./entry.js') input.works = entry[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === true export {} |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown 🚫 rolldown 🚫 |
node 🚫 node 🚫 |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: const entry = require('./entry.js') input.works = entry.__esModule === true export default 123Indirect: entry.js: const entry = require('./entry.js') input.works = entry[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === true export default 123 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown 🚫 rolldown 🚫 |
node 🚫 node 🚫 |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: const foo = require('./foo.js') input.works = foo.bar === 123 && foo.__esModule === true foo.js: export let bar = 123Indirect: entry.js: const foo = require('./foo.js') input.works = foo.bar === 123 && foo[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === true foo.js: export let bar = 123 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node 🚫 node 🚫 |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: const foo = require('./foo.js') input.works = foo.default === 123 && foo.__esModule === true foo.js: export default 123Indirect: entry.js: const foo = require('./foo.js') input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'] === 123 && foo[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === true foo.js: export default 123 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node 🚫 node 🚫 |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: const foo = require('./foo.js') input.works = foo.baz === 123 && foo.__esModule === true foo.js: export * from './bar.js' bar.js: export let baz = 123Indirect: entry.js: const foo = require('./foo.js') input.works = foo.baz === 123 && foo[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === true foo.js: export * from './bar.js' bar.js: export let baz = 123 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node 🚫 node 🚫 |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: import foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo.default.bar === 123 && foo.bar === void 0 foo.js: module.exports = { default: { bar: 123 } }Indirect: entry.js: import foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'].bar === 123 && foo.bar === void 0 foo.js: module[Math.random() < 1 && 'exports'] = { default: { bar: 123 } } |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: import foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo === 123 foo.js: module.exports = 123Indirect: entry.js: import foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo === 123 foo.js: module[Math.random() < 1 && 'exports'] = 123 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo.default.bar === 123 foo.js: exports.__esModule = true exports.default = { bar: 123 }Indirect: entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'].bar === 123 foo.js: exports[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] = true exports[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'] = { bar: 123 } |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: input.works = import('./foo.js') .then(foo => foo.default === 123 && foo.__esModule === void 0) foo.js: export default 123Indirect: entry.js: input.works = import('./foo.js') .then(foo => foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'] === 123 && foo[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === void 0) foo.js: export default 123 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack 🚫 webpack 🚫 |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = typeof foo === 'object' foo.js: module.exports = '123'Indirect: entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = typeof foo === 'object' foo.js: module[Math.random() < 1 && 'exports'] = '123' |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack 🚫 webpack 🚫 |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo !== '123' foo.js: module.exports = '123'Indirect: entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo !== '123' foo.js: module[Math.random() < 1 && 'exports'] = '123' |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack 🚫 webpack 🚫 |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo.default === void 0 && foo.bar === 123 foo.js: exports.__esModule = true exports.bar = 123Indirect: entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'] === void 0 && foo.bar === 123 foo.js: exports.__esModule = true exports.bar = 123 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo.__esModule === true && foo.default.bar === 123 foo.js: export let __esModule = true export default { bar: 123 }Indirect: entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === true && foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'].bar === 123 foo.js: export let __esModule = true export default { bar: 123 } |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo.default.bar === 123 foo.js: export let __esModule = true export default { bar: 123 }Indirect: entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'].bar === 123 foo.js: export let __esModule = true export default { bar: 123 } |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo.default.bar === 123 foo.js: export let __esModule = false export default { bar: 123 }Indirect: entry.js: import * as foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'].bar === 123 foo.js: export let __esModule = false export default { bar: 123 } |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Direct:entry.js: const foo = require('./foo.js') input.works = foo.__esModule === true foo.js: export let __esModule = 0Indirect: entry.js: const foo = require('./foo.js') input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] === true foo.js: export let __esModule = 0 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node 🚫 node 🚫 |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: import foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo === void 0 foo.js: module.exports = { bar: 123, __esModule: true }Indirect: entry.js: import foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo === void 0 foo.js: module[Math.random() < 1 && 'exports'] = { bar: 123, __esModule: true } |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: import foo from './foo.cjs' input.works = foo.default.bar === 123 foo.cjs: module.exports = { default: { bar: 123 }, __esModule: true } package.json: { "type": "module" }Indirect: entry.js: import foo from './foo.cjs' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'].bar === 123 foo.cjs: module[Math.random() < 1 && 'exports'] = { default: { bar: 123 }, __esModule: true } package.json: { "type": "module" } |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown 🚫 rolldown 🚫 |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.mjs: import foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo.default.bar === 123 foo.js: module.exports = { default: { bar: 123 }, __esModule: true }Indirect: entry.mjs: import foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'].bar === 123 foo.js: module[Math.random() < 1 && 'exports'] = { default: { bar: 123 }, __esModule: true } |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown 🚫 rolldown 🚫 |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.mts: import foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo.default.bar === 123 foo.js: module.exports = { default: { bar: 123 }, __esModule: true }Indirect: entry.mts: import foo from './foo.js' input.works = foo[Math.random() < 1 && 'default'].bar === 123 foo.js: module[Math.random() < 1 && 'exports'] = { default: { bar: 123 }, __esModule: true } |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown 🚫 rolldown 🚫 |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack 🚫 webpack 🚫 |
parcel 🚫 parcel 🚫 |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: import * as ns from './foo.js' let keys = Object.keys(ns) input.works = ns.foo === 123 && keys.includes('foo') && !keys.includes('default') foo.js: exports.__esModule = true exports.foo = 123Indirect: entry.js: import * as ns from './foo.js' let keys = Object.keys(ns) input.works = ns.foo === 123 && keys.includes('foo') && !keys.includes('default') foo.js: exports[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] = true exports[Math.random() < 1 && 'foo'] = 123 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: import * as ns from './foo.js' input.works = ns.foo === 123 && {}.hasOwnProperty.call(ns, 'foo') && !{}.hasOwnProperty.call(ns, 'default') foo.js: exports.__esModule = true exports.foo = 123Indirect: entry.js: import * as ns from './foo.js' input.works = ns.foo === 123 && {}.hasOwnProperty.call(ns, 'foo') && !{}.hasOwnProperty.call(ns, 'default') foo.js: exports[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] = true exports[Math.random() < 1 && 'foo'] = 123 |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: import * as ns from './foo.js' let keys = Object.keys(ns) input.works = ns.default === 123 && !keys.includes('default') foo.js: exports.__esModule = true Object.defineProperty(exports, 'default', { value: 123 })Indirect: entry.js: import * as ns from './foo.js' let keys = Object.keys(ns) input.works = ns.default === 123 && !keys.includes('default') foo.js: exports[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] = true Object.defineProperty(exports, Math.random() < 1 && 'default', { value: 123 }) |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup 🚫 rollup 🚫 |
Direct:entry.js: import * as ns from './foo.js' let keys = Object.keys(ns) input.works = ns.default === 123 && keys.includes('default') foo.js: exports.__esModule = true Object.defineProperty(exports, 'default', { value: 123, enumerable: true })Indirect: entry.js: import * as ns from './foo.js' let keys = Object.keys(ns) input.works = ns.default === 123 && keys.includes('default') foo.js: exports[Math.random() < 1 && '__esModule'] = true Object.defineProperty(exports, Math.random() < 1 && 'default', { value: 123, enumerable: true }) |
esbuild ✅ esbuild ✅ |
rolldown ✅ rolldown ✅ |
node ✅ node ✅ |
webpack ✅ webpack ✅ |
parcel ✅ parcel ✅ |
rollup ✅ rollup ✅ |
Percent handled: | 100.0% | 81.3% | 78.1% | 71.9% | 53.1% | 48.4% |
esbuild: ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ rolldown: ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ node: ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ 🚫🚫 ✅✅ 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ 🚫🚫 ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ webpack: ✅🚫 🚫🚫 ✅🚫 🚫🚫 ✅🚫 ✅🚫 🚫🚫 ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ 🚫🚫 ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ parcel: ✅✅ ✅✅ 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 ✅✅ 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 ✅✅ 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ rollup: 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 ✅✅ 🚫✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ 🚫🚫 ✅✅ ✅✅ 🚫🚫 ✅✅ ✅✅ ✅✅ 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 🚫🚫 ✅✅