kinematics

Arduino Kinematics library for differential drive(2WD, 4WD) and mecanum drive robots.

The library requires the following robot's specification as an input:

• Robot's maximum RPM
• Distance between wheels (Front-Left and Front-Rear )
• Wheel's Diameter

Functions

1. Kinematics::Kinematics(int motor_max_rpm, float wheel_diameter, float base_width, int pwm_bits)

Object constructor which requires the robot's specification.

• MOTOR_MAX_RPM : Maximum RPM of the motor
• WHEEL_DIAMETER : Robot wheel's diameter expressed in meters
• FR_WHEEL_DISTANCE : Distance between front wheel and rear wheel
• LR_WHEEL_DISTANCE : Distance between left wheel and right wheel
• PWM_BITS : PWM resolution of the Microcontroller. Arduino Uno/Mega, Teensy is 8 bits by default

2. output getRPM(float linear_x, float linear_y, float angular_z)

Returns a Vector of Motor RPMs from a given linear velocity in x and y axis and angular velocity in z axis using right hand rule. The returned values can be used in a PID controller as "setpoint" vs a wheel encoder's feedback expressed in RPM.

• linear_x : target linear speed of the robot in x axis (forward or reverse) expressed in m/s.
• linear_y : target linear speed of the robot in y axis (strafing left or strafing right for mecanum drive) expressed in m/s.
• angular_z : target angular speed of the robot in z axis (rotating CCW or CW) rad/sec.

3. output getPWM(float linear_x, float linear_y, float angular_z)

The same output as getRPM() function converted to a PWM value. The returned values can be used to drive motor drivers using the PWM signals.

4. velocities getVelocities(int motor1, int motor2)

This is the inverse of getRPM(). Returns linear velocities in x and y axis, and angular velocity in z axis given two measured RPMs on each motor of a 2WD robot. The returned values can be used to calculate the distance traveled in a specific axis - where distance traveled is the product of the change in velocity and change in time.

• motor1: left motor's measured RPM
• motor2: right motor's measured RPM

*each motor's RPM value must be signed. + to signify forward direction and - to signify reverse direction of the motor.

5. velocities getVelocities(int motor1, int motor2, int motor3, int motor4)

The same output as No.4 but requires 4 measured RPMs on each motor of a 4WD robot. This can be used for both 4 wheeled differential drive and mecanum drive robots.

• motor1: front left motor's measured RPM
• motor2: front right motor's measured RPM
• motor3: front right motor's measured RPM
• motor4: front right motor's measured RPM

*each motor's RPM value must be signed. + to signify forward direction and - to signify reverse direction of the motor.

Data structures

1. output

Struct returned by getRPM() and getPWM used to store PWM or RPM values.

struct output{
  int motor1;
  int motor2;
  int motor3;
  int motor4;
};

• each returned motor RPM or PWM value is signed to signify the motor's direction. + forward direction ; - reverse direction.

2. velocities

Struct returned by getVelocities() used to store linear velocities in x and y axis, and angular velocity in z axis (right hand rule).

struct velocities{
  float linear_x;
  float linear_y;
  float angular_z;
};

• linear_x and linear_y are expressed in m/s. angular_z is expressed in rad/s