reduck

Opinionated way to create reducers and action creators.

• Unlocks some specifically designed tooling (eslint-plugin-duck) to speed up the development process by catching as early as possible potential errors
• Reduce the boilerplate

Ducks are a modular way to keep your redux action creators and reducers in the same place, simplifying the repo's structure and the development process. Some explanation on why this is beneficial can be found here and here.

Installation

  npm install --save reduck

Usage

actions.js

// We define our action types here so that they can easily be used by different ducks
export const FETCH_TODOS = 'todo.FETCH_TODOS';
export const ADD_TODO = 'todo.ADD_TODO';
export const LOGOUT = 'auth.LOGOUT';

ducks/todos.js

import Duck from 'reduck'

import {
  ADD_TODO,
  FETCH_TODOS,
  LOGOUT,
} from '../actions'

// define an initial state to use in the Duck's initialization
const initialState = {
  items: [],
  ready: false
};

const duck = new Duck('todo', initialState);

export const addTodo = duck.defineAction(ADD_TODO, {
  creator(newTodoItem) {
    return {
      payload: { newTodoItem }
    };
  },
  reducer(state, { payload }) {
    return {
      ...state,
      items: (state.items || []).concat(payload.newTodoItem)
    }
  }
})

// action defined in another duck but this duck still wants to react to it
duck.addReducerCase(LOGOUT, {
  reducer() {
    return initialState;
  }
})

export default duck.reducer

ducks/auth.js

import Duck from 'reduck'
import { LOGOUT } from '../actions'

const initialState = {
  user: {},
  authStatus: 'Unknown'
}

const duck = new Duck('auth', initialState);

duck.defineAction(LOGOUT, {
  creator() {
    return {} // Data is not necessary in this case
  },
  reducer(state) {
    return initialState
  }
})

export default duck.reducer;

reducer.js

import { combineReducers } from 'redux'

import auth from './ducks/auth'
import todos from './ducks/todos'

export default combineReducers({
  auth, todos,
})

API

constructor(duckName, initialState)

• duckName: Given name of the duck
• initialState: the state that the duck will be initialized with
• returns a 'duck' object that provides the following methods:

Methods

defineAction(actionType: String, reducerCases: Object)

• actionType is the type of the action. Can be whatever you choose as long as it follows the format: <duck-name>/<some-action-name>. This helps with tracking defined actions in each duck.

• reducerCases consist of:

  • creator(actionArgs) The creator accepts any arguments related to the action being performed and then returns the object that will be passed to the action's reducers. The object consists of mainly payload (the payload that will be handled by the reducers) and meta (data that will be used by middleware). _Note:_The creator must be present in the defineAction method.
  • reducer(state, { payload }) The reducer function receives the payload sent by the creator and the duck's current state. It then calculates the next state and returns it.

Note: The API allows for more cases to be added at your convenience. An example of such cases is discussed further in the Middleware section.

addReducerCases(actionName: String, reducerCases: Object) This method is used similarly to defineAction but does not define a new action. It is used to define a reducer which will change the duck's state when an action from a different duck is dispatched. Therefore the actionName needs to be of an existing action and the reducerCases cannot have a creator.

• add a reducer case with the actionName parameter as '*'. This reducer case will be invoked on every action that is dispatched by the duck, and will be applied to the state. For Example :

duckProduct.addReducerCase('*', (state, action) => {
  return {
    ...state
    /* etc */
  };
});

Middleware

We recommend using reduck with the following two packages:

• redux-object-to-promise
• redux-optimist-promise

By adding these to your redux middlewares, you can easily define async server calls as well the reducer cases that should be called when the request returns data or gets rejected.

We define the server call by using a meta.promise key in our action creator. We then define resolve() and reject() reducer cases. Given the example above, a FETCH_TODOS action to get the user's stored Todos from the server would look like this:

ducks/todos.js

export const fetchTodos = duck.defineAction(FETCH_TODOS, {
  creator() {
    return {
      meta: {
        promise: {       // This is the api for redux-object-to-promise
          method: 'GET',
          url: '/todo'   // Host URL is defined when the store is instantiated so we can use just relative URLs here
        }
      }
    }
  },
  reducer(state) {
    return {
      ...state,
      ready: false,     // setting ready to false while we wait for the network response
    }
  },
  // This is called when the data comes back from the server
  resolve(state, {payload}) { // In this case the payload comes from the server, not from the action creator
    return {
      ...state,
      items: payload.data.items,
      ready: true
    }
  },
  // This is called when the request to server fails (for whatever reason)
  reject(state) {
    return {
      ...state,
      ready: true
    }
  }
});

redux-optimist-promise also provides us with another meta key that can be used to revert optimistic updates in case of a server request failure. Let's adjust our ADD_TODO method to include a call to the server in order to update the user's data in the DB as well:

ducks/todos.js

export const addTodo = duck.defineAction(ADD_TODO, {
  creator(newTodoItem) {
    return {
      payload: { newTodoItem }
      meta: {
        promise: {
          method: 'POST',
          url: 'todo',
          data: { item: newTodoItem }
        },
        optimist: true
      }
		}
  },
  reducer(state, { payload }) {
    return {
      ...state,
      items: (state.items || []).concat(payload.newTodoItem)
    }
	}
})

Normally, we would want to add a reject() function that would roll back the reducer's changes since the failed server call would mean our client and DB data would be out of sync. By using optimist: true in our meta fields however, the change will be automatically reverted if the server request fails!

License

MIT