tld

Extract the top level domain (TLD) from the URL given. List of TLD names is taken from Public Suffix.

Optionally raises exceptions on non-existing TLDs or silently fails (if fail_silently argument is set to True).

Prerequisites

• Python 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10 or 3.11.

Documentation

Documentation is available on Read the Docs.

Installation

Latest stable version on PyPI:

pip install tld

Or latest stable version from GitHub:

pip install https://github.com/barseghyanartur/tld/archive/stable.tar.gz

Usage examples

In addition to examples below, see the jupyter notebook workbook file.

Get the TLD name as string from the URL given

from tld import get_tld

get_tld("http://www.google.co.uk")
# 'co.uk'

get_tld("http://www.google.idontexist", fail_silently=True)
# None

Get the TLD as an object

from tld import get_tld

res = get_tld("http://some.subdomain.google.co.uk", as_object=True)

res
# 'co.uk'

res.subdomain
# 'some.subdomain'

res.domain
# 'google'

res.tld
# 'co.uk'

res.fld
# 'google.co.uk'

res.parsed_url
# SplitResult(
#     scheme='http',
#     netloc='some.subdomain.google.co.uk',
#     path='',
#     query='',
#     fragment=''
# )

Get TLD name, ignoring the missing protocol

from tld import get_tld, get_fld

get_tld("www.google.co.uk", fix_protocol=True)
# 'co.uk'

get_fld("www.google.co.uk", fix_protocol=True)
# 'google.co.uk'

Return TLD parts as tuple

from tld import parse_tld

parse_tld('http://www.google.com')
# 'com', 'google', 'www'

Get the first level domain name as string from the URL given

from tld import get_fld

get_fld("http://www.google.co.uk")
# 'google.co.uk'

get_fld("http://www.google.idontexist", fail_silently=True)
# None

Check if some tld is a valid tld

from tld import is_tld

is_tld('co.uk)
# True

is_tld('uk')
# True

is_tld('tld.doesnotexist')
# False

is_tld('www.google.com')
# False

Update the list of TLD names

To update/sync the tld names with the most recent versions run the following from your terminal:

update-tld-names

Or simply do:

from tld.utils import update_tld_names

update_tld_names()

Note, that this will update all registered TLD source parsers (not only the list of TLD names taken from Mozilla). In order to run the update for a single parser, append uid of that parser as argument.

update-tld-names mozilla

Custom TLD parsers

By default list of TLD names is taken from Mozilla. Parsing implemented in the tld.utils.MozillaTLDSourceParser class. If you want to use another parser, subclass the tld.base.BaseTLDSourceParser, provide uid, source_url, local_path and implement the get_tld_names method. Take the tld.utils.MozillaTLDSourceParser as a good example of such implementation. You could then use get_tld (as well as other tld module functions) as shown below:

from tld import get_tld
from some.module import CustomTLDSourceParser

get_tld(
    "http://www.google.co.uk",
    parser_class=CustomTLDSourceParser
)

Custom list of TLD names

You could maintain your own custom version of the TLD names list (even multiple ones) and use them simultaneously with built in TLD names list.

You would then store them locally and provide a path to it as shown below:

from tld import get_tld
from tld.utils import BaseMozillaTLDSourceParser

class CustomBaseMozillaTLDSourceParser(BaseMozillaTLDSourceParser):

    uid: str = 'custom_mozilla'
    local_path: str = 'tests/res/effective_tld_names_custom.dat.txt'

get_tld(
    "http://www.foreverchild",
    parser_class=CustomBaseMozillaTLDSourceParser
)
# 'foreverchild'

Same goes for first level domain names:

from tld import get_fld

get_fld(
    "http://www.foreverchild",
    parser_class=CustomBaseMozillaTLDSourceParser
)
# 'www.foreverchild'

Note, that in both examples shown above, there the original TLD names file has been modified in the following way:

...
// ===BEGIN ICANN DOMAINS===

// This one actually does not exist, added for testing purposes
foreverchild
...

Free up resources

To free up memory occupied by loading of custom TLD names, use reset_tld_names function with tld_names_local_path parameter.

from tld import get_tld, reset_tld_names

# Get TLD from a custom TLD names parser
get_tld(
    "http://www.foreverchild",
    parser_class=CustomBaseMozillaTLDSourceParser
)

# Free resources occupied by the custom TLD names list
reset_tld_names("tests/res/effective_tld_names_custom.dat.txt")

Troubleshooting

If somehow domain names listed here are not recognised, make sure you have the most recent version of TLD names in your virtual environment:

update-tld-names

To update TLD names list for a single parser, specify it as an argument:

update-tld-names mozilla

Testing

Simply type:

pytest

Or use tox:

tox

Or use tox to check specific env:

tox -e py39

Writing documentation

Keep the following hierarchy.

=====
title
=====

header
======

sub-header
----------

sub-sub-header
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

sub-sub-sub-header
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

sub-sub-sub-sub-header
++++++++++++++++++++++

sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-header
**************************

License

MPL-1.1 OR GPL-2.0-only OR LGPL-2.1-or-later

Support

For security issues contact me at the e-mail given in the Author section.

For overall issues, go to GitHub.

Author

Artur Barseghyan <[email protected]>