Impact
An issue was discovered in Rancher versions from 2.5.0 up to and including 2.5.16 and from 2.6.0 up to and including 2.6.9, where an authorization logic flaw allows privilege escalation via project role template binding (PRTB) and -promoted
roles. This issue is not present in Rancher 2.7 releases.
Note: Consult Rancher documentation for more information about cluster and project roles and KB 000020097 for information about -promoted
roles.
This privilege escalation is possible for users with access to the escalate
verb on PRTBs (projectroletemplatebindings.management.cattle.io
), including users with *
verbs on PRTBs (see notes below for more information). These users can escalate permissions for any -promoted
resource (see the table below for a full enumeration) in any cluster where they have a PRTB granting such permissions in at least one project in the cluster.
On a default Rancher setup, only the following roles have such permissions:
- Project Owner
- Manage Project Members
These roles have permissions to affect the following resources:
Resource |
API Group |
Affected Rancher version |
navlinks |
ui.cattle.io |
2.6 |
nodes |
"" |
2.6 |
persistentvolumes |
"" |
2.5, 2.6 |
persistentvolumes |
core |
2.5, 2.6 |
storageclasses |
storage.k8s.io |
2.5, 2.6 |
apiservices |
apiregistration.k8s.io |
2.5, 2.6 |
clusterrepos |
catalog.cattle.io |
2.5, 2.6 |
clusters (local only) |
management.cattle.io |
2.5, 2.6 |
Notes:
- During the calculation of the CVSS score,
privileges required
was considered as high
because, by default, standard user
and user-base
users in Rancher do not have create
, patch
and update
permissions on roletemplates
.
- If a role template with access to those objects was already created by another user in the cluster, then this issue can be exploited by users without the mentioned permissions from point 1.
Workarounds
If updating Rancher to a patched version is not possible, then the following workarounds must be observed to mitigate this issue:
- Only grant Project Owner and Manage Project Members roles to trusted users.
- Minimize the creation of custom roles that contain the
escalate
, *
or write verbs (create
, delete
, patch
, update
) on projectroletemplatebindings
resource, and only grant such custom roles to trusted users.
- Minimize the number of users that have permissions to
create
, patch
and update
roletemplates
.
Patches
Patched versions include releases 2.5.17 and 2.6.10 and later versions. This issue is not present in Rancher 2.7 releases.
Detection
The following script was developed to list role template bindings that give written access to the affected resources listed above. It is highly recommended to run the script in your environment and review the list of identified roles and role template bindings for possible signs of exploitation of this issue. The script requires jq
installed and a kubeconfig
with access to Rancher local cluster; it can also be executed in Rancher's kubectl shell.
#!/bin/bash
help="
Usage: bash find_promoted_resource.sh \n \n
Requires: \n
- jq installed and on path \n
- A kubeconfig pointing at rancher's local cluster (can also run from rancher's kubectl shell) \n \n
Outputs a list of roletemplates and roletemplate bindings which give write access to promoted resources.
"
if [[ $1 == "-h" || $1 == "--help" ]]
then
echo -e $help
exit 0
fi
# first, get the current roletemplates so that we only issue a get once
kubectl get roletemplates.management.cattle.io -o json >> script_templates.json
# find roles which have write access to a promoted resource. Filter on roleTemplates which fulfill all requirements:
# Have a project context
# Have some rules
# Have one/more of the target api groups, or a * in the api groups
# Have one/more of the target resources, or a * in the resources
# Have a verb that is not read access (i.e. a verb that is not get/list/watch)
roles=$(jq --argjson apiGroups '["", "ui.cattle.io", "core", "storage.k8s.io", "apiregistration.k8s.io", "catalog.cattle.io", "management.cattle.io"]' --argjson resources '["navlinks", "persistentvolumes", "nodes", "storageclasses", "apiservices", "clusterrepos", "clusters"]' --argjson verbs '["get", "list", "watch"]' '.items[] | select(.context=="project" and (.rules | length >= 1)) | select( .rules[] | select( (($apiGroups - .apiGroups | length < 7) or (.apiGroups | index("*"))) and (($resources - .resources | length < 7) or (.resources | index("*"))) and (.verbs - $verbs | length > 0)) | length >= 1 ) | .metadata.name' script_templates.json | jq -s )
# log promoted roles which give direct write access so they can be easily fixed
echo "The following role templates give direct write access to a promoted resource:"
echo $roles
echo -e ""
# find any roles which inherit first-level roles. Mostly a BFS which radiates outward from the known bad roles
old_roles="[]"
new_roles="$roles"
old_length=$(echo $old_roles | jq 'length')
new_length=$(echo $new_roles | jq 'length')
# if our last loop found nothing new, it's safe to stop
while [[ $old_length != $new_length ]];
do
# set old values to what we currently know about
old_roles=$new_roles
old_length=$new_length
# update new values with anything that inherits a "bad" role we know about
new_roles=$(jq --argjson roles "$old_roles" --argjson roleLen "$old_length" '.items[] | .metadata.name as $NAME | select (( $roles | index($NAME)) or ((.roleTemplateNames | length > 0 ) and ($roles - .roleTemplateNames | length < $roleLen))) | .metadata.name ' script_templates.json | jq -s)
new_length=$(echo $new_roles | jq 'length')
done
roles=$new_roles
# log all roles which can give write access, even if it's not first level
echo -e "The following role templates give write access to a promoted resource directly or through inheritance:"
echo $roles
echo -e ""
kubectl get projectroletemplatebindings.management.cattle.io -A -o json >> script_bindings.json
role_template_bindings=$(jq --argjson roleTemplates "$roles" '.items[] | .roleTemplateName as $TemplateName | select($roleTemplates | index($TemplateName)) | .metadata.name' script_bindings.json | jq -s)
# since these bindings could be for users or groups, we need to include all fields which could help identify the subject. But they won't all be present, which makes the list look less pretty
echo -e "The following is a list of bindings which give access to promoted resource, with the format of: bindingName, projectName, userName, userPrincipalName, groupName, groupPrincipalName: "
echo $(jq --argjson bindings "$role_template_bindings" '.items[] | .metadata.name as $BindingName | select ( $bindings | index($BindingName)) | .metadata.name, .projectName, .userName?, .userPrincipalName?, .groupName?, .groupPrincipalName?' script_bindings.json | jq -s)
unset old_roles
unset new_roles
unset roles
unset role_template_bindings
rm script_templates.json
rm script_bindings.json
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
References
Impact
An issue was discovered in Rancher versions from 2.5.0 up to and including 2.5.16 and from 2.6.0 up to and including 2.6.9, where an authorization logic flaw allows privilege escalation via project role template binding (PRTB) and
-promoted
roles. This issue is not present in Rancher 2.7 releases.Note: Consult Rancher documentation for more information about cluster and project roles and KB 000020097 for information about
-promoted
roles.This privilege escalation is possible for users with access to the
escalate
verb on PRTBs (projectroletemplatebindings.management.cattle.io
), including users with*
verbs on PRTBs (see notes below for more information). These users can escalate permissions for any-promoted
resource (see the table below for a full enumeration) in any cluster where they have a PRTB granting such permissions in at least one project in the cluster.On a default Rancher setup, only the following roles have such permissions:
These roles have permissions to affect the following resources:
local
only)Notes:
privileges required
was considered ashigh
because, by default,standard user
anduser-base
users in Rancher do not havecreate
,patch
andupdate
permissions onroletemplates
.Workarounds
If updating Rancher to a patched version is not possible, then the following workarounds must be observed to mitigate this issue:
escalate
,*
or write verbs (create
,delete
,patch
,update
) onprojectroletemplatebindings
resource, and only grant such custom roles to trusted users.create
,patch
andupdate
roletemplates
.Patches
Patched versions include releases 2.5.17 and 2.6.10 and later versions. This issue is not present in Rancher 2.7 releases.
Detection
The following script was developed to list role template bindings that give written access to the affected resources listed above. It is highly recommended to run the script in your environment and review the list of identified roles and role template bindings for possible signs of exploitation of this issue. The script requires
jq
installed and akubeconfig
with access to Rancher local cluster; it can also be executed in Rancher's kubectl shell.For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
References