diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
index 6ded98de8f1da9..62e99d4d7baa85 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
@@ -338,9 +338,9 @@ function normalizeOxcResolverResult(
 
 export function oxcResolvePlugin(
   resolveOptions: ResolvePluginOptionsWithOverrides,
-): [RolldownPlugin, RolldownPlugin, RolldownPlugin, Plugin] {
+): (RolldownPlugin | Plugin)[] {
   return [
-    devOnlyResolvePlugin(resolveOptions),
+    ...(!resolveOptions.isBuild ? [devOnlyResolvePlugin(resolveOptions)] : []),
     importGlobSubpathImportsResolvePlugin(resolveOptions),
     createBuiltinPluginWithEnvironmentSupport(
       'vite:resolve-builtin',
@@ -368,72 +368,85 @@ export function oxcResolvePlugin(
         })
       },
     ),
-    createBuiltinPluginWithEnvironmentSupport('vite:resolve', (environment) => {
-      // The resolve plugin is used for createIdResolver and the depsOptimizer should be
-      // disabled in that case, so deps optimization is opt-in when creating the plugin.
-      const depsOptimizer =
-        resolveOptions.optimizeDeps && environment.mode === 'dev'
-          ? environment.depsOptimizer
-          : undefined
-      const options: InternalResolveOptions = {
-        ...environment.config.resolve,
-        ...resolveOptions, // plugin options + resolve options overrides
-      }
-
-      return oxcResolveBuiltinPlugin({
-        environmentName: environment.name,
-        environmentConsumer: environment.config.consumer,
-        resolveOptions: options,
-        finalizeBareSpecifier: !depsOptimizer
-          ? undefined
-          : (resolvedId, rawId, importer) => {
-              // if we reach here, it's a valid dep import that hasn't been optimized.
-              const isJsType = isOptimizable(resolvedId, depsOptimizer.options)
-              const exclude = depsOptimizer?.options.exclude
-
-              // check for deep import, e.g. "my-lib/foo"
-              const deepMatch = deepImportRE.exec(rawId)
-              // package name doesn't include postfixes
-              // trim them to support importing package with queries (e.g. `import css from 'normalize.css?inline'`)
-              const pkgId = deepMatch
-                ? deepMatch[1] || deepMatch[2]
-                : cleanUrl(rawId)
-
-              const skipOptimization =
-                depsOptimizer.options.noDiscovery ||
-                !isJsType ||
-                (importer && isInNodeModules(importer)) ||
-                exclude?.includes(pkgId) ||
-                exclude?.includes(rawId) ||
-                SPECIAL_QUERY_RE.test(resolvedId)
-
-              let newId = resolvedId
-              if (skipOptimization) {
-                // excluded from optimization
-                // Inject a version query to npm deps so that the browser
-                // can cache it without re-validation, but only do so for known js types.
-                // otherwise we may introduce duplicated modules for externalized files
-                // from pre-bundled deps.
-                const versionHash = depsOptimizer!.metadata.browserHash
-                if (versionHash && isJsType) {
-                  newId = injectQuery(newId, `v=${versionHash}`)
-                }
-              } else {
-                // this is a missing import, queue optimize-deps re-run and
-                // get a resolved its optimized info
-                const optimizedInfo = depsOptimizer!.registerMissingImport(
-                  rawId,
-                  newId,
-                )
-                newId = depsOptimizer!.getOptimizedDepId(optimizedInfo)
+    ...(resolveOptions.isBuild
+      ? []
+      : [
+          createBuiltinPluginWithEnvironmentSupport(
+            'vite:resolve',
+            (environment) => {
+              // The resolve plugin is used for createIdResolver and the depsOptimizer should be
+              // disabled in that case, so deps optimization is opt-in when creating the plugin.
+              const depsOptimizer =
+                resolveOptions.optimizeDeps && environment.mode === 'dev'
+                  ? environment.depsOptimizer
+                  : undefined
+              const options: InternalResolveOptions = {
+                ...environment.config.resolve,
+                ...resolveOptions, // plugin options + resolve options overrides
               }
-              return newId
+
+              return oxcResolveBuiltinPlugin({
+                environmentName: environment.name,
+                environmentConsumer: environment.config.consumer,
+                resolveOptions: options,
+                finalizeBareSpecifier: !depsOptimizer
+                  ? undefined
+                  : (resolvedId, rawId, importer) => {
+                      // if we reach here, it's a valid dep import that hasn't been optimized.
+                      const isJsType = isOptimizable(
+                        resolvedId,
+                        depsOptimizer.options,
+                      )
+                      const exclude = depsOptimizer?.options.exclude
+
+                      // check for deep import, e.g. "my-lib/foo"
+                      const deepMatch = deepImportRE.exec(rawId)
+                      // package name doesn't include postfixes
+                      // trim them to support importing package with queries (e.g. `import css from 'normalize.css?inline'`)
+                      const pkgId = deepMatch
+                        ? deepMatch[1] || deepMatch[2]
+                        : cleanUrl(rawId)
+
+                      const skipOptimization =
+                        depsOptimizer.options.noDiscovery ||
+                        !isJsType ||
+                        (importer && isInNodeModules(importer)) ||
+                        exclude?.includes(pkgId) ||
+                        exclude?.includes(rawId) ||
+                        SPECIAL_QUERY_RE.test(resolvedId)
+
+                      let newId = resolvedId
+                      if (skipOptimization) {
+                        // excluded from optimization
+                        // Inject a version query to npm deps so that the browser
+                        // can cache it without re-validation, but only do so for known js types.
+                        // otherwise we may introduce duplicated modules for externalized files
+                        // from pre-bundled deps.
+                        const versionHash = depsOptimizer!.metadata.browserHash
+                        if (versionHash && isJsType) {
+                          newId = injectQuery(newId, `v=${versionHash}`)
+                        }
+                      } else {
+                        // this is a missing import, queue optimize-deps re-run and
+                        // get a resolved its optimized info
+                        const optimizedInfo =
+                          depsOptimizer!.registerMissingImport(rawId, newId)
+                        newId = depsOptimizer!.getOptimizedDepId(optimizedInfo)
+                      }
+                      return newId
+                    },
+                finalizeOtherSpecifiers(resolvedId, rawId) {
+                  return ensureVersionQuery(
+                    resolvedId,
+                    rawId,
+                    options,
+                    depsOptimizer,
+                  )
+                },
+              })
             },
-        finalizeOtherSpecifiers(resolvedId, rawId) {
-          return ensureVersionQuery(resolvedId, rawId, options, depsOptimizer)
-        },
-      })
-    }),
+          ),
+        ]),
   ]
 }
 
@@ -444,11 +457,6 @@ function devOnlyResolvePlugin(
 
   return {
     name: 'vite:resolve-dev',
-    ...({
-      apply(_, env) {
-        return env.command === 'serve'
-      },
-    } satisfies Partial<Plugin>),
     resolveId: {
       filter: {
         id: {
@@ -608,8 +616,6 @@ function oxcResolveBuiltinPlugin({
   return {
     name: 'vite:resolve',
 
-    apply: 'serve',
-
     resolveId(id, importer, resolveOpts) {
       if (
         id[0] === '\0' ||