NOTE:此示例代码可以在 https://github.com/dev-cafe/cmake-cookbook/tree/v1.0/chapter-7/recipe-08 中找到,其中有一个C++示例。该示例在CMake 3.5版(或更高版本)中是有效的,并且已经在GNU/Linux、macOS和Windows上进行过测试。
本示例中,我们将讨论前一个示例的另一种方法,并不使用add_subdirectory
的情况下,使用module include
组装不同的CMakeLists.txt文件。这种方法的灵感来自https://crascit.com/2016/01/31/enhance-sours-file-handling-with-target_sources/ ,其允许我们使用target_link_libraries
链接到当前目录之外定义的目标。
将使用与前一个示例相同的源代码。惟一的更改将出现在CMakeLists.txt
文件中,我们将在下面的部分中讨论这些更改。
-
主
CMakeLists.txt
包含以下内容:cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR) project(recipe-08 LANGUAGES CXX) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11) set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON) include(GNUInstallDirs) set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}) set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}) set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}) # defines targets and sources include(src/CMakeLists.txt) include(external/CMakeLists.txt) enable_testing() add_subdirectory(tests)
-
与前一个示例相比,
external/CMakeLists.txt
文件没有变化。 -
src/CMakeLists.txt
文件定义了两个库(automaton和evolution):add_library(automaton "") add_library(evolution "") include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/evolution/CMakeLists.txt) include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/initial/CMakeLists.txt) include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/io/CMakeLists.txt) include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/parser/CMakeLists.txt) add_executable(automata "") target_sources(automata PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/main.cpp ) target_link_libraries(automata PRIVATE automaton conversion )
-
src/evolution/CMakeLists.txt
文件包含以下内容:target_sources(automaton PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/evolution.cpp PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/evolution.hpp ) target_include_directories(automaton PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR} ) target_sources(evolution PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/evolution.cpp PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/evolution.hpp ) target_include_directories(evolution PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR} )
-
其余
CMakeLists.txt
文件和src/initial/CMakeLists.txt
相同:target_sources(automaton PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/initial.cpp PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/initial.hpp ) target_include_directories(automaton PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR} )
-
配置、构建和测试的结果与前面的方法相同:
$ mkdir -p build $ cd build $ cmake .. $ cmake --build build $ ctest Running tests... Start 1: test_evolution 1/1 Test #1: test_evolution ................... Passed 0.00 sec 100% tests passed, 0 tests failed out of 1
与之前的示例不同,我们定义了三个库:
- conversion(在external定义)
- automaton(包含除转换之外的所有源)
- evolution(在
src/evolution
中定义,并通过cpp_test
链接)
本例中,通过使用include()
引用CMakeLists.txt
文件,我们在父范围内,仍然能保持所有目标可用:
include(src/CMakeLists.txt)
include(external/CMakeLists.txt)
我们可以构建一个包含树,记住当进入子目录(src/CMakeLists.txt
)时,我们需要使用相对于父范围的路径:
include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/evolution/CMakeLists.txt)
include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/initial/CMakeLists.txt)
include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/io/CMakeLists.txt)
include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/parser/CMakeLists.txt)
这样,我们就可以定义并链接到通过include()
语句访问文件树中任何位置的目标。但是,我们应该选择在对维护人员和代码贡献者容易看到的地方,去定义它们。
我们可以再次使用CMake和Graphviz (http://www.graphviz.org/)生成这个项目的依赖关系图:
$ cd build
$ cmake --graphviz=example.dot ..
$ dot -T png example.dot -o example.png
对于当前设置,我们得到如下依赖关系图: