diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24b94b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +*.backup +.idea \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.idea/.gitignore b/.idea/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73f69e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/.idea/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Default ignored files +/shelf/ +/workspace.xml +# Datasource local storage ignored files +/dataSources/ +/dataSources.local.xml +# Editor-based HTTP Client requests +/httpRequests/ diff --git a/.idea/misc.xml b/.idea/misc.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e62acc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/.idea/misc.xml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.idea/modules.xml b/.idea/modules.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..527278c --- /dev/null +++ b/.idea/modules.xml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.idea/resource-metadata-schema.iml b/.idea/resource-metadata-schema.iml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6ebd48 --- /dev/null +++ b/.idea/resource-metadata-schema.iml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.idea/sonarIssues.xml b/.idea/sonarIssues.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8c05b9d --- /dev/null +++ b/.idea/sonarIssues.xml @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.idea/vcs.xml b/.idea/vcs.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35eb1dd --- /dev/null +++ b/.idea/vcs.xml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 9d93c8a..0000000 --- a/.travis.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -jobs: - include: - - stage: Schema tester - language: python - python: 3.6 - script: - - cd tests - - pip install -r requirements.txt - - python json_schema_tests.py \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE new file mode 100644 index 0000000..670154e --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +CC0 1.0 Universal + +Statement of Purpose + +The laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer +exclusive Copyright and Related Rights (defined below) upon the creator and +subsequent owner(s) (each and all, an "owner") of an original work of +authorship and/or a database (each, a "Work"). + +Certain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work for the +purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and scientific +works ("Commons") that the public can reliably and without fear of later +claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate in other works, reuse +and redistribute as freely as possible in any form whatsoever and for any +purposes, including without limitation commercial purposes. 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Affirmer understands and acknowledges that Creative Commons is not a + party to this document and has no duty or obligation with respect to this + CC0 or use of the Work. + +For more information, please see + diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 557bd27..083b94b 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,103 +1,60 @@ -[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema) +![GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/license/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema) +![GitHub tag (latest by date)](https://img.shields.io/github/v/tag/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema) +![GitHub tag (funder)](https://img.shields.io/badge/funder-EJP%20RD-brightgreen) # Metadata for EJP rare disease patient registries, biobanks and catalogs -As part of the [European Joint Programme (EJP) for Rare Disease](http://www.ejprarediseases.org), we are developing standards for rare disease registries to describe their metadata that will imporve the FAIR-ness of these resources. +As part of the [European Joint Programme (EJP) for Rare Disease](http://www.ejprarediseases.org), we are developing standards for rare disease registries to describe their metadata that will improve the FAIR-ness of these resources. -The core model is designed to represent data about a rare disease patient and biosample registries. The model is based on and builds on existing standards, such as the [European Rare Disease Registry Infrastructure](https://eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu) and the [Common Data Elements](http://www.erare.eu/sites/default/files/SetCommonData-EU%20RD%20Platform_CDS%20_final.pdf) from the rare disease community and other more generalised standards for data sharing such as the W3C [DCAT vocabulary](https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat/). We are also working to align with similar schema standarisation efforts such as [RD connect semantic model](https://github.com/LUMC-BioSemantics/Rare-Disease-Semantic-Model), [schema.org](https://schema.org), [bioschemas](https://bioschemas.org), [MIABIS](https://github.com/MIABIS/miabis/wiki) and [GA4GH](https://www.ga4gh.org) (see also [schema blocks](https://schemablocks.org) and [phenopackets](http://phenopackets.org). A proposed semantic model for the Common Data Elements can be found [here](https://github.com/LUMC-BioSemantics/ERN-common-data-elements). +The core model is designed to represent data about a rare disease patient and biosample registries. The model is based on and builds on existing standards, such as the [European Rare Disease Registry Infrastructure](https://eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu) and the [Common Data Elements](http://www.erare.eu/sites/default/files/SetCommonData-EU%20RD%20Platform_CDS%20_final.pdf) from the rare disease community and other more generalised standards for data sharing such as the W3C [DCAT vocabulary](https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat/). We are also working to align with similar schema standarisation efforts such as [RD connect semantic model](https://github.com/LUMC-BioSemantics/Rare-Disease-Semantic-Model), [schema.org](https://schema.org), [bioschemas](https://bioschemas.org), [MIABIS](https://github.com/MIABIS/miabis/wiki) and [GA4GH](https://www.ga4gh.org) (see also [schema blocks](https://schemablocks.org) and [phenopackets](http://phenopackets.org). A proposed semantic model for the Common Data Elements can be found [here](https://github.com/ejp-rd-vp/CDE-semantic-model). -> Status: DRAFT - 16th July, 2019. This is currently a strawman proposal intended to generate discussion and help in developing an early demonstrator. +> Status: This is version 1.0 of EJP RD metadata model. -## JSON Schema overview +## Metadata modules overview -You can browse the published schema files at https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/. +The figure below gives an overview of upper level concepts and properties used in our metadata model. -All the raw JSON schema files can also be found in the [json_schema](json_schema/) directory. The core schema types are: +

+ +

-* [registry.json](json_schema/registry.json) - describes a patient or biosample registry dataset -* [catalog_of_registries.json](json_schema/catalog_of_registries.json) - describes a catalog or registries that links to individual registry datasets +You can browse different metadata modules by visiting the links below. -There are also a number of reusable schema modules +* [Organisation](docs/organisation.md) - describes a organisation +* [Location](docs/location.md) - describes a location +* [Catalog](docs/catalog.md) - describes a resource catalog +* [Resource](docs/resource.md) - describes any digtial resource + * [Patient Registry](docs/patient-registry.md) - describes a patient registry + * [Biobank](docs/biobank.md) - describes a biobank + * [Guideline](docs/guideline.md) - describes a guideline -* [organisation.json](json_schema/organisation.json) - describes an organisation assoicated to the registry -* [location.json](json_schema/location.json) - describes a location or region that could be associated to an organisation or may be used to describe a recruitment region -* [case.json](json_schema/case.json) - describes a set of patient/cohort cases. This will include information about the number of cases for a given disease and information about the recruitment and inclusiojn criteria -* [vocabulay_code.json](json_schema/vocabulay_code.json) - Used to capture a standard vocabulary code such as Orpha code or ICD code -* [vocabulary_code_system.json](json_schema/vocabulary_code_system.json) - describes a entire coding system such as Orpha or ICD +### Ontologies used in the metadata model +To describe different metadata modules listed above we used various exiting ontologies and vocabularies which are listed below. -This diagram illustrates the basic idea of a schema block. Blocks are reusable components and new blocks can be defined that inherit from parent blocks. +* [DCMI Metadata Terms (DCT)](https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/) +* [Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) - Version 2](https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-2) +* [FOAF Vocabulary (FOAF)](http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/) -![schema](https://github.com/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema/blob/master/diagrams/EJP%20schema%20blocks.png?raw=true) +Concepts to describe resources that we use in the Rare diseases domain such as biobank and patient registry are not defined in resource description vocabulary as a DCAT. To overcome this issue we have extended DCAT with by added missing concepts to DCAT vocabulary. -### Example data +* [Data Catalog Vocabulary extension](docs/dcat-extension.md) -An example of the "PCD Registry" entry from the [ERDRI directory of registries](https://eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/erdridor/) can be seen in [registry-1.json](examples/registry-1.json). Our schema captures the identifier, type and name of the registry. A registry can contain a number of cases that should describe the disease using a fully qualified Orphat code for the disease. Additional information about the organisation who publish and/or maintain the registry can also be caotured. + +### Implementation of metadata model -``` -{ - "@id": "https://www.pcdregistry.eu/", - "@type": "PatientRegistryDataset", - "name": "PCD Registry", - "disease_cases": [ - { - "disease_code": [ - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_137628"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_363250"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275742"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_244"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_98861"} - ] - } - ], - "publisher": [ - { - "name": "University Hospital Muenster of the Westfalian University of Muenster (WWU)", - "location": { - "city": "D-48149 Muenster", - "country": "Germany" - } - } - ] -} -``` - - -We dan also describe a catalog of registries like the [ERDRI directory of registries](https://eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/erdridor/) that links down to individual patient registry records using the `datasets` property. - -``` -{ - "@id": "https://eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/erdridor/", - "@type": "CatalogOfRegistries", - "name": "European Directory of Registries", - "publisher": [ - { - "name": "European Platform on Rare Disease Registration", - "location": { - "country": "Germany" - } - } - ], - "datasets" : [ - "https://www.pcdregistry.eu/", "http://www.reseau-htap.fr/" - ] -} -``` - - -### RDF + JSON-LD - -You can apply the JSON-LD context from [ejp_vocabulary.jsonld](ejp_vocabulary_context.jsonld) to any JSON document to generate an RDF representation. An example of a resource entry in -RDF turtle format is in [erdri_registry_1.ttl](examples/rdf/erdri_registry_1.ttl) +The metadata modules described in this repository are provided with RDF examples and RDF validation artifacts. You get more benefits if you implement metadata model in RDF. However implementation of our metadata model is not limited only to RDF. ## Use cases +Below you can find some use cases which can be addressed by proposed metadata modules. + * Provide minimal metadata to describe a rare disease registry or biobank, or a catalog of registries or biobanks. The metadata should be sufficient to expose data about these resource through the virtual platform * Provide a uniform way for resources to expose the primary disease using a Orphanet code so that resources can be searched by disease in the virtual platform -* Provide a mechanism to identify resources and harmonise duplicate resources across catalogs +* Provide a mechanism to identify resources and harmonies duplicate resources across catalogs * Provide geographical information so resources can be filtered by country in the VP * Expose if resources provide metrics about individuals, such as number of cases * Expose if a resource has access to biological samples, such as tissue or cell ines. diff --git a/build_ui.sh b/build_ui.sh deleted file mode 100755 index 1a42a79..0000000 --- a/build_ui.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -cp ejp_vocabulary_context.json docs -cp validation_vp_model/metadata_model.shex docs -jsonschema2md -p example -e json -d json_schema/ -n -o docs/ -git add docs/*.md -git add docs/*.json diff --git a/data/example-rdf/turtle/biobank.ttl b/data/example-rdf/turtle/biobank.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3851705 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/example-rdf/turtle/biobank.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +@prefix : . +@prefix dcat: . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix ejp: . +@prefix foaf: . +@prefix sio: . +@prefix rdfs: . +@prefix ordo: . + +:biobank a ejp:Biobank ; + dct:publisher :organisation ; + dct:title "Austrian Bone Marrow Donor Registry" ; + dct:description "Donor registry"; + ejp:populationCoverage :population_coverage ; + dcat:theme ordo:Orphanet_171895 ; + foaf:page . + +:organisation a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "Fonds Österreichisches Stammzellregister" ; + dct:spatial :location . + +:population_coverage a sio:SIO_001166 ; + rdfs:label "National" . + +:location a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Austria" . diff --git a/data/example-rdf/turtle/catalog.ttl b/data/example-rdf/turtle/catalog.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20ac307 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/example-rdf/turtle/catalog.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +@prefix : . +@prefix dcat: . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix ejp: . +@prefix foaf: . + +:location a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Germany" . + +:ErdriDOR a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "ErdriDOR"; + dct:spatial :location ; + foaf:page . + +:catalog a dcat:Catalog ; + dct:publisher :ErdriDOR ; + dct:title "European directory of resources"; + dct:description "Directory of resources" . diff --git a/data/example-rdf/turtle/guideline.ttl b/data/example-rdf/turtle/guideline.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a8b1b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/example-rdf/turtle/guideline.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +@prefix : . +@prefix dcat: . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix ejp: . +@prefix foaf: . +@prefix rdfs: . +@prefix obo: . + +:guideline a ejp:Guideline ; + dct:publisher :organisation ; + dct:title "Biomarker Development Manual" ; + dct:description "Biomarker guildeline"; + dcat:theme obo:NCIT_C17564 ; + foaf:page . + +:organisation a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "EATRIS" . diff --git a/data/example-rdf/turtle/location.ttl b/data/example-rdf/turtle/location.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d95d459 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/example-rdf/turtle/location.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +@prefix : . +@prefix dct: . + +:ErdriDORLocation a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Italy" . diff --git a/data/example-rdf/turtle/organisation.ttl b/data/example-rdf/turtle/organisation.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..490c79a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/example-rdf/turtle/organisation.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +@prefix : . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix foaf: . + +:ErdriDOR a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "ErdriDOR"; + dct:spatial :ErdriDORLocation ; + foaf:page . + +:ErdriDORLocation a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Italy" . diff --git a/data/example-rdf/turtle/patientRegistry.ttl b/data/example-rdf/turtle/patientRegistry.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef38e83 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/example-rdf/turtle/patientRegistry.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +@prefix : . +@prefix dcat: . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix ejp: . +@prefix foaf: . +@prefix sio: . +@prefix rdfs: . +@prefix ordo: . + +:patientRegistry a ejp:PatientRegistry ; + dct:publisher :organisation ; + dct:title "Von Hippel-Lindau registry" ; + dct:description "Registry from Von Hippel-Lindau"; + ejp:populationCoverage :population_coverage ; + dcat:theme ordo:Orphanet_892 ; + foaf:page . + +:organisation a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "EKlinik für Innere Medizin IV" ; + dct:spatial :location . + +:population_coverage a sio:SIO_001166 ; + rdfs:label "Regional" . + +:location a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Germany" . diff --git a/data/example-rdf/turtle/resource.ttl b/data/example-rdf/turtle/resource.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8cd263 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/example-rdf/turtle/resource.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +@prefix : . +@prefix dcat: . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix foaf: . +@prefix rdfs: . +@prefix ordo: . + +:resource a dcat:Resource ; + dct:publisher :organisation ; + dct:title "An example resource" ; + dct:description "This is a example of a resource"; + dcat:theme ordo:Orphanet_171895 ; + foaf:page . + +:organisation a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "Fonds Österreichisches Stammzellregister" ; + dct:spatial :location . + +:location a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Austria" . diff --git a/data/shex/biobank.shex b/data/shex/biobank.shex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b482d44 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/shex/biobank.shex @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +PREFIX : +PREFIX dcat: +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX ejp: +PREFIX foaf: +PREFIX xsd: +PREFIX sio: +PREFIX rdfs: + +:biobankShape IRI { + a [ejp:Biobank]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + ejp:populationCoverage @:populationCoverageShape*; + dcat:theme IRI+; + dct:publisher @:organisationShape; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:locationShape IRI { + a [dct:Location]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; +} + +:organisationShape IRI { + a [foaf:Organisation]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dct:spatial @:locationShape; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:populationCoverageShape IRI { + a [sio:SIO_001166]; + rdfs:label ["National" "International" "Regional"] +} diff --git a/data/shex/catalog.shex b/data/shex/catalog.shex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61c2039 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/shex/catalog.shex @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +PREFIX : +PREFIX dcat: +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX ejp: +PREFIX foaf: +PREFIX xsd: + +:catalogShape IRI { + a [dcat:Catalog]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dct:publisher @:organisationShape; + ejp:patientRegistry IRI*; + ejp:biobank IRI*; + ejp:guideline IRI* +} + +:locationShape IRI { + a [dct:Location]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; +} + +:organisationShape IRI { + a [foaf:Organisation]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dct:spatial @:locationShape*; + foaf:page IRI +} diff --git a/data/shex/guideline.shex b/data/shex/guideline.shex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0849e9e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/shex/guideline.shex @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +PREFIX : +PREFIX dcat: +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX ejp: +PREFIX foaf: +PREFIX xsd: +PREFIX rdfs: + +:guidelineShape IRI { + a [ejp:Guideline]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dcat:theme IRI+; + dct:publisher @:organisationShape; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:organisationShape IRI { + a [foaf:Organisation]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + foaf:page IRI* +} diff --git a/data/shex/location.shex b/data/shex/location.shex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..63bc68d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/shex/location.shex @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +PREFIX : +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX xsd: + +:locationShape IRI { + a [dct:Location]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; +} diff --git a/data/shex/organisation.shex b/data/shex/organisation.shex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b717e24 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/shex/organisation.shex @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +PREFIX : +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX foaf: +PREFIX xsd: + +:organisationShape IRI { + a [foaf:Organisation]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dct:spatial @:locationShape*; + foaf:page IRI +} + +:locationShape IRI { + a [dct:Location]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; +} diff --git a/data/shex/patientRegistry.shex b/data/shex/patientRegistry.shex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d1e030 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/shex/patientRegistry.shex @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +PREFIX : +PREFIX dcat: +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX ejp: +PREFIX foaf: +PREFIX xsd: +PREFIX sio: +PREFIX rdfs: + +:patientRegistryShape IRI { + a [ejp:PatientRegistry]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + ejp:populationCoverage @:populationCoverageShape*; + dcat:theme IRI+; + dct:publisher @:organisationShape; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:locationShape IRI { + a [dct:Location]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; +} + +:organisationShape IRI { + a [foaf:Organisation]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dct:spatial @:locationShape*; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:populationCoverageShape IRI { + a [sio:SIO_001166]; + rdfs:label ["National" "International" "Regional"] +} diff --git a/data/shex/resource.shex b/data/shex/resource.shex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6db4d48 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/shex/resource.shex @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +PREFIX : +PREFIX dcat: +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX foaf: +PREFIX xsd: +PREFIX rdfs: + +:resourceShape IRI { + a [dcat:Resource]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dcat:theme IRI+; + dct:publisher @:organisationShape; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:organisationShape IRI { + a [foaf:Organisation]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dct:spatial @:locationShape*; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:locationShape IRI { + a [dct:Location]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; +} diff --git a/docs/Gemfile b/docs/Gemfile deleted file mode 100644 index 91ceacd..0000000 --- a/docs/Gemfile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -source 'https://rubygems.org' -gem 'github-pages', group: :jekyll_plugins \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/README.md b/docs/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4ee78ba..0000000 --- a/docs/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -# EJP metadata schema - -As part of the [European Joint Programme (EJP) for Rare Disease](http://www.ejprarediseases.org), we are developing standards for rare disease registries to describe their metadata that will imporve the FAIR-ness of these resources. - -![schema](ejp.jpg){: .center-image } - - -The core model is designed to represent data about a rare disease patient and biosample registry. The model is currently small and intended to address basic use-cases for registry discovery. An abstract view of the model is depicted below. - -![schema](shex.jpg){: .center-image } - -## The schemas - -The schema can be serialised as JSON documents. We provide JSON schema documents for the following objects: - - -- [Rare disease catalog](./catalog_of_registries.md) – `catalog_of_registries.json` -- [Rare disease registry dataset](./registry.md) – `registry.json` -- [Case or observation](./case.md) – `case.json` -- [Code](./vocabulary_code.md) – `vocabulary_code.json` -- [Coding system](./vocabulary_code_system.md) – `vocabulary_code_system.json` -- [Location](./location.md) – `location.json` -- [Organisation](./organisation.md) – `organisation.json` - -The schema is available as an RDF/OWL file, and the [W3C Shape expression language](metadata_model.shex)(SHEx). - -## Example data - -TODO - add links to example documents. - -## Contributing - -This is an open community project. You can contribute to the schemas via our [GitHub repository](http://github.com/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema). diff --git a/docs/_config.yml b/docs/_config.yml deleted file mode 100644 index eeb3ead..0000000 --- a/docs/_config.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -theme: jekyll-theme-slate -title: EJP metadata schema -description: Building FAIR data for rare disease resources \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/agent.md b/docs/agent.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2aae93 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/agent.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +`dcat:Agent` + +### Metadata model figure + +

+ + + +

+ + +*** + +### Example rdf (turtle) + +```ttl + + +``` + +*** + +### Validation artifacts + +##### ShEx figure + +

+ + + +

+ +*** +##### ShEx + +``` ShEx + +``` diff --git a/docs/biobank.md b/docs/biobank.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e75e945 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/biobank.md @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +`ejp:Biobank` concept is a custom extension we added to the DCAT2 vocabulary. In our extension we defined `ejp:Biobank` is a subclass of `dcat:Resource`. + + +### Metadata model figure + +

+ + + +

+ + +*** + +### Example rdf (turtle) + +```ttl +@prefix : . +@prefix dcat: . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix ejp: . +@prefix foaf: . +@prefix sio: . +@prefix rdfs: . +@prefix ordo: . + +:biobank a ejp:Biobank ; + dct:publisher :organisation ; + dct:title "Austrian Bone Marrow Donor Registry" ; + ejp:populationCoverage :population_coverage ; + dcat:theme ordo:Orphanet_171895 ; + foaf:page . + +:organisation a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "Fonds Österreichisches Stammzellregister" ; + dct:spatial :location . + +:population_coverage a sio:SIO_001166 ; + rdfs:label "National" . + +:location a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Austria" . +``` + +*** + +### Validation artifacts + +##### ShEx figure + +

+ + + +

+ +*** +##### ShEx + +``` ShEx +PREFIX : +PREFIX dcat: +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX ejp: +PREFIX foaf: +PREFIX xsd: +PREFIX sio: +PREFIX rdfs: + +:biobankShape IRI { + a [ejp:Biobank]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + ejp:populationCoverage @:populationCoverageShape*; + dcat:theme IRI+; + dct:publisher @:organisationShape; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:locationShape IRI { + a [dct:Location]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; +} + +:organisationShape IRI { + a [foaf:Organisation]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dct:spatial @:locationShape; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:populationCoverageShape IRI { + a [sio:SIO_001166]; + rdfs:label ["National" "International" "Regional"] +} +``` diff --git a/docs/case.json b/docs/case.json deleted file mode 100644 index 84ddd1e..0000000 --- a/docs/case.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "case.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "title": "Case or observation", - "description": "Metadata about a dataset in a patient registry or biobank", - "properties": { - "description": { - "description": "A description for the case", - "type": "string", - "example": "number of patients" - }, - "number_of_cases": { - "description": "A number of patients registered for this case", - "type": "string", - "example": "12" - }, - "inclusion_exclusion_criteria": { - "description": "A description of the inclusion or exclusion criteria", - "type": "string", - "example": "none" - }, - "recruitment_area": { - "description": "The region or local covered by the registry", - "type": "array", - "items": { - "$ref": "location.json" - } - }, - "disease_code": { - "description": "A primary disease code associated with the case or group of patients", - "type": "array", - "items": { - "$ref": "vocabulary_code.json" - } - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/case.md b/docs/case.md deleted file mode 100644 index ec842cc..0000000 --- a/docs/case.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ -# Case or observation Schema - -``` -case.json -``` - -Metadata about a dataset in a patient registry or biobank - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------- | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [case.json](case.json) | - -# Case or observation Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| ------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ---------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------ | -| [description](#description) | `string` | Optional | No | Case or observation (this schema) | -| [disease_code](#disease_code) | Code | Optional | No | Case or observation (this schema) | -| [inclusion_exclusion_criteria](#inclusion_exclusion_criteria) | `string` | Optional | No | Case or observation (this schema) | -| [number_of_cases](#number_of_cases) | `string` | Optional | No | Case or observation (this schema) | -| [recruitment_area](#recruitment_area) | Location | Optional | No | Case or observation (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## description - -A description for the case - -`description` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: number of patients - -### description Type - -`string` - -## disease_code - -A primary disease code associated with the case or group of patients - -`disease_code` - -- is optional -- type: Code -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### disease_code Type - -Array type: Code - -All items must be of the type: - -- [Code](vocabulary_code.md) – `vocabulary_code.json` - -## inclusion_exclusion_criteria - -A description of the inclusion or exclusion criteria - -`inclusion_exclusion_criteria` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: none - -### inclusion_exclusion_criteria Type - -`string` - -## number_of_cases - -A number of patients registered for this case - -`number_of_cases` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: 12 - -### number_of_cases Type - -`string` - -## recruitment_area - -The region or local covered by the registry - -`recruitment_area` - -- is optional -- type: Location -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### recruitment_area Type - -Array type: Location - -All items must be of the type: - -- [Location](location.md) – `location.json` diff --git a/docs/catalog.md b/docs/catalog.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..25c50fa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/catalog.md @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +### Metadata model figure + +

+ + + +

+ + +*** + +### Example rdf (turtle) + +```ttl +@prefix : . +@prefix dcat: . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix ejp: . +@prefix foaf: . + +:location a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Germany" . + +:ErdriDOR a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "ErdriDOR"; + dct:spatial :location ; + foaf:page . + +:catalog a dcat:Catalog ; + dct:publisher :ErdriDOR ; + dct:title "European directory of resources" . +``` + +*** + +### Validation artifacts + +##### ShEx figure + +

+ + + +

+ +*** +##### ShEx + +``` ShEx +PREFIX : +PREFIX dcat: +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX ejp: +PREFIX foaf: +PREFIX xsd: + +:catalogShape IRI { + a [dcat:Catalog]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dct:publisher @:organisationShape; + ejp:patientRegistry IRI*; + ejp:biobank IRI*; + ejp:guideline IRI* +} + +:locationShape IRI { + a [dct:Location]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; +} + +:organisationShape IRI { + a [foaf:Organisation]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dct:spatial @:locationShape*; + foaf:page IRI +} +``` + +#### Note +The properties `ejp:patientRegistry`, `ejp:biobank`, `ejp:guideline` are mentioned as `optional` in the ShEx. It is because these properties are need to be used based on the children resources represented in the catalog. See the example RDF below to get an idea how to use these properties. + +##### Example rdf for biobanks (turtle) + +```ttl +@prefix : . +@prefix dcat: . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix ejp: . +@prefix foaf: . + +:location a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Germany" . + +:ErdriDOR a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "ErdriDOR"; + dct:spatial :location ; + foaf:page . + +:catalog a dcat:Catalog ; + dct:publisher :ErdriDOR ; + dct:title "European directory of biobanks" ; + ejp:biobank :biobank1, :biobank2 . +``` + + +##### Example rdf for patient registries (turtle) + +```ttl +@prefix : . +@prefix dcat: . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix ejp: . +@prefix foaf: . + +:location a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Germany" . + +:ErdriDOR a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "ErdriDOR"; + dct:spatial :location ; + foaf:page . + +:catalog a dcat:Catalog ; + dct:publisher :ErdriDOR ; + dct:title "European directory of patient registries" ; + ejp:patientRegistry :patientRegistry1, :patientRegistry2 . +``` + + + +##### Example rdf for guidelines (turtle) + +```ttl +@prefix : . +@prefix dcat: . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix ejp: . +@prefix foaf: . + +:location a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Germany" . + +:ErdriDOR a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "ErdriDOR"; + dct:spatial :location ; + foaf:page . + +:catalog a dcat:Catalog ; + dct:publisher :ErdriDOR ; + dct:title "European directory of patient guidelines" ; + ejp:guideline :guideline1, :guideline2 . +``` diff --git a/docs/catalog_of_registries.json b/docs/catalog_of_registries.json deleted file mode 100644 index 421a012..0000000 --- a/docs/catalog_of_registries.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "catalog_of_registries.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "title": "Rare disease catalog", - "description": "Schema to describe a resource that catalogs registries such as Orphanet", - "required": [ - "@id", - "@type" - ], - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "http://www.orpha.net" - }, - "@type": { - "description": "the primary type for this catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "CatalogOfRegistries", - "enum": [ - "CatalogOfRegistries" - ] - }, - "name": { - "description": "a name or short description for the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "Orphanet" - }, - "description": { - "description": "A description for the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "Orphanet is a unique resource, gathering and improving knowledge on rare diseases" - }, - "homepage": { - "description": "The primary URL for the homepage of the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "http://www.orpha.net" - }, - "datasets": { - "type": "array", - "descripton": "List of dataset urls", - "example": "http://www.orpha.net/datasests/1", - "items": { - "type": "string", - "format": "url" - } - }, - "organisation": { - "type": "array", - "items": { - "$ref": "organisation.json" - } - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/catalog_of_registries.md b/docs/catalog_of_registries.md deleted file mode 100644 index aff4432..0000000 --- a/docs/catalog_of_registries.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,135 +0,0 @@ -# Rare disease catalog Schema - -``` -catalog_of_registries.json -``` - -Schema to describe a resource that catalogs registries such as Orphanet - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [catalog_of_registries.json](catalog_of_registries.json) | - -# Rare disease catalog Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| ----------------------------- | ------------ | ------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------ | -| [@id](#id) | `string` | **Required** | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| [@type](#type) | `enum` | **Required** | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| [datasets](#datasets) | `string[]` | Optional | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| [description](#description) | `string` | Optional | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| [homepage](#homepage) | `string` | Optional | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| [name](#name) | `string` | Optional | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| [organisation](#organisation) | Organisation | Optional | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## @id - -a primary identifier for the catalog - -`@id` - -- is **required** -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: http://www.orpha.net - -### @id Type - -`string` - -## @type - -the primary type for this catalog - -`@type` - -- is **required** -- type: `enum` -- defined in this schema -- example: CatalogOfRegistries - -The value of this property **must** be equal to one of the [known values below](#type-known-values). - -### @type Known Values - -| Value | Description | -| --------------------- | ----------- | -| `CatalogOfRegistries` | | - -## datasets - -`datasets` - -- is optional -- type: `string[]` -- defined in this schema -- example: http://www.orpha.net/datasests/1 - -### datasets Type - -Array type: `string[]` - -All items must be of the type: `string` - -## description - -A description for the catalog - -`description` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: Orphanet is a unique resource, gathering and improving knowledge on rare diseases - -### description Type - -`string` - -## homepage - -The primary URL for the homepage of the catalog - -`homepage` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: http://www.orpha.net - -### homepage Type - -`string` - -## name - -a name or short description for the catalog - -`name` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: Orphanet - -### name Type - -`string` - -## organisation - -`organisation` - -- is optional -- type: Organisation -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### organisation Type - -Array type: Organisation - -All items must be of the type: - -- [Organisation](organisation.md) – `organisation.json` diff --git a/docs/concept.md b/docs/concept.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f200d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/concept.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +`dcat:Concept` + +### Metadata model figure + +

+ + + +

+ + +*** + +### Example rdf (turtle) + +```ttl + + +``` + +*** + +### Validation artifacts + +##### ShEx figure + +

+ + + +

+ +*** +##### ShEx + +``` ShEx + +``` diff --git a/docs/conceptScheme.md b/docs/conceptScheme.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0312589 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/conceptScheme.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +`dcat:ConceptScheme` + +### Metadata model figure + +

+ + + +

+ + +*** + +### Example rdf (turtle) + +```ttl + + +``` + +*** + +### Validation artifacts + +##### ShEx figure + +

+ + + +

+ +*** +##### ShEx + +``` ShEx + +``` diff --git a/docs/dataservices.md b/docs/dataservices.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f110b99 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/dataservices.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +`dcat:Dataservice` + +### Metadata model figure + +

+ + + +

+ + +*** + +### Example rdf (turtle) + +```ttl + + +``` + +*** + +### Validation artifacts + +##### ShEx figure + +

+ + + +

+ +*** +##### ShEx + +``` ShEx + +``` diff --git a/docs/dataset.md b/docs/dataset.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c65b64 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/dataset.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +`dcat:Dataset` is a concept in DCAT2 which is a sub-class of +`dcat:Resource`. + +### Metadata model figure + +

+ + + +

+ + +*** + +### Example rdf (turtle) + +```ttl + + +``` + +*** + +### Validation artifacts + +##### ShEx figure + +

+ + + +

+ +*** +##### ShEx + +``` ShEx + +``` diff --git a/docs/dcat-extension.md b/docs/dcat-extension.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0001cb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/dcat-extension.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +### Data Catalog Vocabulary extension + +The DCAT vocabulary is primary focused on describing `datasets`. However in [DCAT version 2](https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat/) a generic concept [dcat:Resource](https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat/#Class:Resource) has been introduced. This new concept provides an option for us to extend DCAT vocabulary with `EJP-RD` specific concepts like `Biobank`, `Patient registry` etc. The images below shows the extension we made to DCAT vocabulary. + + +#### Classes extension + +

+ +

+ + +#### Classes annotation + +Wherever possible we added mapping annotation to the classes we added to the DCAT vocabulary. + +

+ +

+ + +#### Properties extension + +

+ +

+ +If you want to learn more about our dcat extension work please visit our DCAT2 extension [github repo] (https://github.com/LUMC-BioSemantics/dcat-extension). diff --git a/docs/distribution.md b/docs/distribution.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de8e28a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/distribution.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +`dcat:distribution` + +### Metadata model figure + +

+ + + +

+ + +*** + +### Example rdf (turtle) + +```ttl + + +``` + +*** + +### Validation artifacts + +##### ShEx figure + +

+ + + +

+ +*** +##### ShEx + +``` ShEx + +``` diff --git a/docs/ejp.jpg b/docs/ejp.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c6e9c35..0000000 Binary files a/docs/ejp.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/ejp_vocabulary_context.json b/docs/ejp_vocabulary_context.json deleted file mode 100644 index 05efc32..0000000 --- a/docs/ejp_vocabulary_context.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ -{ - "@context": { - "@base": "http://purl.org/ejp-rd/vocabulary/", - "ejp": "http://purl.org/ejp-rd/vocabulary/", - "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", - "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", - "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#", - "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", - "dct": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", - "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", - "dcat": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#", - "vcard": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#", - "foaf" : "", - "umbel" : "", - "id": "dc:identifier", - "name": "dct:title", - "city": "vcard:locality", - "country": "vcard:country-name", - "description": "dct:description", - "region" : "vcard:region", - "datasets": { - "@id": "dcat:dataset", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "theme": { - "@id": "dcat:theme", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "disease_code": { - "@id": "umbel:relatesToDisease", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "themeTaxonomy": { - "@id": "dcat:themeTaxonomy", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "location": "dct:spatial", - "publisher": "dct:publisher", - "type": { - "@id": "rdf:type", - "@type": "@id" - } - } -} diff --git a/docs/guideline.md b/docs/guideline.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0672118 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/guideline.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +`ejp:Guideline` concept is a custom extension we added to the DCAT2 vocabulary. In our extension we defined `ejp:Guideline` is a subclass of `dcat:Resource`. + +### Metadata model figure + +

+ + + +

+ + +*** + +### Example rdf (turtle) + +```ttl +@prefix : . +@prefix dcat: . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix ejp: . +@prefix foaf: . +@prefix rdfs: . +@prefix obo: . + +:guideline a ejp:Guideline ; + dct:publisher :organisation ; + dct:title "Biomarker Development Manual" ; + dcat:theme obo:NCIT_C17564 ; + foaf:page . + +:organisation a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "EATRIS" . +``` + +*** + +### Validation artifacts + +##### ShEx figure + +

+ + + +

+ +*** +##### ShEx + +``` ShEx +PREFIX : +PREFIX dcat: +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX ejp: +PREFIX foaf: +PREFIX xsd: +PREFIX rdfs: + +:guidelineShape IRI { + a [ejp:Guideline]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dcat:theme IRI+; + dct:publisher @:organisationShape; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:organisationShape IRI { + a [foaf:Organisation]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + foaf:page IRI* +} +``` diff --git a/docs/location.json b/docs/location.json deleted file mode 100644 index 5052b6a..0000000 --- a/docs/location.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "location.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "description": "A schema to describe a location, region or jurisdiction", - "title": "Location", - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the location", - "type": "string" - }, - "city": { - "description": "The name of a city", - "type": "string", - "example": "Paris" - }, - "country": { - "description": "The name of a country", - "type": "string", - "example": "France" - }, - "region": { - "description": "A broad description of a region", - "type": "string", - "enum": [ - "international, europe" - ], - "example": "international" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/location.md b/docs/location.md index 70b347b..0497234 100644 --- a/docs/location.md +++ b/docs/location.md @@ -1,85 +1,65 @@ -# Location Schema +### Metadata model figure -``` -location.json -``` - -A schema to describe a location, region or jurisdiction - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------ | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [location.json](location.json) | - -# Location Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| ------------------- | -------- | ---------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------ | -| [@id](#id) | `string` | Optional | No | Location (this schema) | -| [city](#city) | `string` | Optional | No | Location (this schema) | -| [country](#country) | `string` | Optional | No | Location (this schema) | -| [region](#region) | `enum` | Optional | No | Location (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## @id - -a primary identifier for the location - -`@id` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: +

+ + + +

-### @id Type -`string` +*** -## city +### Example rdf (turtle) -The name of a city - -`city` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: Paris - -### city Type - -`string` - -## country - -The name of a country +```ttl +@prefix : . +@prefix dct: . + +:ErdriDORLocation a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Italy" . +``` -`country` +*** -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: France +### Validation artifacts -### country Type +##### ShEx figure -`string` +

+ + + +

-## region +*** +##### ShEx -A broad description of a region +``` ShEx +PREFIX : +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX xsd: -`region` +:locationShape IRI { + a [dct:Location]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; +} +``` -- is optional -- type: `enum` -- defined in this schema -- example: international +#### Note +The current model is very simple because it reflects the location information captured in the resources. In the current state from resources it is hard to figure out if the location is of type country, city etc. However if this issue is fixed in the resources then we can easily extend above model. See the example RDF below. -The value of this property **must** be equal to one of the [known values below](#region-known-values). -### region Known Values +### Example rdf extended (turtle) -| Value | Description | -| ----------------------- | ----------- | -| `international, europe` | | +```ttl +@prefix : . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix openvoc: . +@prefix rdfs: . + +:ErdriDORLocation a dct:Location, openvoc:Country ; + dct:title "Italy"; + rdfs:seeAlso , . + +``` diff --git a/docs/organisation.json b/docs/organisation.json deleted file mode 100644 index 0e1e7f2..0000000 --- a/docs/organisation.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "organisation.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "description": "A schema to describe an organisation", - "required": [ - "name" - ], - "title": "Organisation", - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the organisation", - "type": "string" - }, - "name": { - "description": "a name or short description for the organisation", - "type": "string", - "example": "Orphanet" - }, - "description": { - "description": "A description for the organiation", - "type": "string", - "example": "Orphanet is a unique resource, gathering and improving knowledge on rare diseases" - }, - "homepage": { - "description": "The primary URL for the homepage of the organisation", - "type": "string", - "format": "url", - "example": "https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/index.php" - }, - "location": { - "description": "Information about the location associated with the organisation", - "$ref": "location.json" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/organisation.md b/docs/organisation.md index c65b4a7..f509387 100644 --- a/docs/organisation.md +++ b/docs/organisation.md @@ -1,102 +1,62 @@ -# Organisation Schema +### Metadata model figure -``` -organisation.json -``` - -A schema to describe an organisation - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------- | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [organisation.json](organisation.json) | - -## Schema Hierarchy - -- Organisation `organisation.json` - - [Location](location.md) `location.json` - -# Organisation Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| --------------------------- | -------- | ------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------ | -| [@id](#id) | `string` | Optional | No | Organisation (this schema) | -| [description](#description) | `string` | Optional | No | Organisation (this schema) | -| [homepage](#homepage) | `string` | Optional | No | Organisation (this schema) | -| [location](#location) | Location | Optional | No | Organisation (this schema) | -| [name](#name) | `string` | **Required** | No | Organisation (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## @id - -a primary identifier for the organisation - -`@id` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### @id Type - -`string` +

+ + + +

-## description -A description for the organiation +*** -`description` +### Example rdf (turtle) -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: Orphanet is a unique resource, gathering and improving knowledge on rare diseases +```ttl +@prefix : . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix foaf: . -### description Type - -`string` - -## homepage - -The primary URL for the homepage of the organisation - -`homepage` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/index.php - -### homepage Type - -`string` - -## location - -Information about the location associated with the organisation - -`location` - -- is optional -- type: Location -- defined in this schema -- example: +:ErdriDOR a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "ErdriDOR"; + dct:spatial :ErdriDORLocation ; + foaf:page . + +:ErdriDORLocation a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Italy" . +``` -### location Type +*** -- [Location](location.md) – `location.json` +### Validation artifacts -## name +##### ShEx figure -a name or short description for the organisation +

+ + + +

-`name` +*** +##### ShEx -- is **required** -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: Orphanet +``` ShEx +PREFIX : +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX foaf: +PREFIX xsd: -### name Type +:organisationShape IRI { + a [foaf:Organisation]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dct:spatial @:locationShape*; + foaf:page IRI +} -`string` +:locationShape IRI { + a [dct:Location]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; +} +``` diff --git a/docs/patient-registry.md b/docs/patient-registry.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b892b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/patient-registry.md @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +`ejp:PatientRegistry` concept is a custom extension we added to the DCAT2 vocabulary. In our extension we defined `ejp:PatientRegistry` is a subclass of `dcat:Resource`. + +### Metadata model figure + +

+ + + +

+ + +*** + +### Example rdf (turtle) + +```ttl +@prefix : . +@prefix dcat: . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix ejp: . +@prefix foaf: . +@prefix sio: . +@prefix rdfs: . +@prefix ordo: . + +:patientRegistry a ejp:PatientRegistry ; + dct:publisher :organisation ; + dct:title "Von Hippel-Lindau registry" ; + ejp:populationCoverage :population_coverage ; + dcat:theme ordo:Orphanet_892 ; + foaf:page . + +:organisation a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "EKlinik für Innere Medizin IV" ; + dct:spatial :location . + +:population_coverage a sio:SIO_001166 ; + rdfs:label "Regional" . + +:location a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Germany" . +``` + +*** + +### Validation artifacts + +##### ShEx figure + +

+ + + +

+ +*** +##### ShEx + +``` ShEx +PREFIX : +PREFIX dcat: +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX ejp: +PREFIX foaf: +PREFIX xsd: +PREFIX sio: +PREFIX rdfs: + +:patientRegistryShape IRI { + a [ejp:PatientRegistry]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + ejp:populationCoverage @:populationCoverageShape*; + dcat:theme IRI+; + dct:publisher @:organisationShape; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:locationShape IRI { + a [dct:Location]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; +} + +:organisationShape IRI { + a [foaf:Organisation]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dct:spatial @:locationShape*; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:populationCoverageShape IRI { + a [sio:SIO_001166]; + rdfs:label ["National" "International" "Regional"] +} +``` diff --git a/docs/publication.md b/docs/publication.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/docs/registry.json b/docs/registry.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3b32e55..0000000 --- a/docs/registry.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,60 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "registry.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "title": "Rare disease registry dataset", - "description": "A schema to describe a dataset of patients, cohorts or biomaterials from a registry", - "required": [ - "@id", - "@type" - ], - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the registry", - "type": "string", - "example": "https://www.pcdregistry.eu/" - }, - "@type": { - "description": "the primary type for this registry", - "type": "string", - "example": "PatientRegistryDataset", - "enum": [ - "PatientRegistryDataset", - "BiobankDataset" - ] - }, - "name": { - "description": "a name or short description for the registry", - "type": "string", - "example": "PDC registry" - }, - "description": { - "description": "A description for the registry", - "type": "string", - "example": "PDC registry" - }, - "homepage": { - "description": "The primary URL for the homepage of the registry", - "type": "string", - "example": "https://www.pcdregistry.eu/", - "format": "url" - }, - "publisher": { - "description": "The primary organisation responsible for publishing and maintaining the registry", - "$ref": "organisation.json" - }, - "theme": { - "description": "The primary diseases associated with the dataset", - "type": "array", - "items": { - "$ref": "vocabulary_code.json" - } - }, - "disease_cases": { - "description": "Information about the individual cases described in the registry", - "type": "array", - "items": { - "$ref": "case.json" - } - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/registry.md b/docs/registry.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8f0290e..0000000 --- a/docs/registry.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,163 +0,0 @@ -# Rare disease registry dataset Schema - -``` -registry.json -``` - -A schema to describe a dataset of patients, cohorts or biomaterials from a registry - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------ | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [registry.json](registry.json) | - -## Schema Hierarchy - -- Rare disease registry dataset `registry.json` - - [Organisation](organisation.md) `organisation.json` - -# Rare disease registry dataset Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| ------------------------------- | ------------------- | ------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------- | -| [@id](#id) | `string` | **Required** | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [@type](#type) | `enum` | **Required** | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [description](#description) | `string` | Optional | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [disease_cases](#disease_cases) | Case or observation | Optional | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [homepage](#homepage) | `string` | Optional | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [name](#name) | `string` | Optional | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [publisher](#publisher) | Organisation | Optional | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [theme](#theme) | Code | Optional | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## @id - -a primary identifier for the registry - -`@id` - -- is **required** -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: https://www.pcdregistry.eu/ - -### @id Type - -`string` - -## @type - -the primary type for this registry - -`@type` - -- is **required** -- type: `enum` -- defined in this schema -- example: PatientRegistryDataset - -The value of this property **must** be equal to one of the [known values below](#type-known-values). - -### @type Known Values - -| Value | Description | -| ------------------------ | ----------- | -| `PatientRegistryDataset` | | -| `BiobankDataset` | | - -## description - -A description for the registry - -`description` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: PDC registry - -### description Type - -`string` - -## disease_cases - -Information about the individual cases described in the registry - -`disease_cases` - -- is optional -- type: Case or observation -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### disease_cases Type - -Array type: Case or observation - -All items must be of the type: - -- [Case or observation](case.md) – `case.json` - -## homepage - -The primary URL for the homepage of the registry - -`homepage` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: https://www.pcdregistry.eu/ - -### homepage Type - -`string` - -## name - -a name or short description for the registry - -`name` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: PDC registry - -### name Type - -`string` - -## publisher - -The primary organisation responsible for publishing and maintaining the registry - -`publisher` - -- is optional -- type: Organisation -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### publisher Type - -- [Organisation](organisation.md) – `organisation.json` - -## theme - -The primary diseases associated with the dataset - -`theme` - -- is optional -- type: Code -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### theme Type - -Array type: Code - -All items must be of the type: - -- [Code](vocabulary_code.md) – `vocabulary_code.json` diff --git a/docs/resource.md b/docs/resource.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f47553b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/resource.md @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +`dcat:Resource` is a generic concept that was added to the DCAT2 vocabulary. In our metadata model we extended `dcat:Resource` concept with Rare disease specific concepts like `Biobank`, `Patient registry`. + +#### Note +Please avoid using `dcat:Resource` typing for your document. Unless the concept that your looking for is not available in our DCAT2 extension. + + +### Metadata model figure + +

+ + + +

+ + +*** + +### Example rdf (turtle) + +```ttl +@prefix : . +@prefix dcat: . +@prefix dct: . +@prefix foaf: . +@prefix rdfs: . +@prefix ordo: . + +:resource a dcat:Resource ; + dct:publisher :organisation ; + dct:title "An example resource" ; + dct:description "This is a example of a resource"; + dcat:theme ordo:Orphanet_171895 ; + foaf:page . + +:organisation a foaf:Organisation ; + dct:title "Fonds Österreichisches Stammzellregister" ; + dct:spatial :location . + +:location a dct:Location ; + dct:title "Austria" . +``` + +*** + +### Validation artifacts + +##### ShEx figure + +

+ + + +

+ +*** +##### ShEx + +``` ShEx +PREFIX : +PREFIX dcat: +PREFIX dct: +PREFIX foaf: +PREFIX xsd: +PREFIX rdfs: + +:resourceShape IRI { + a [dcat:Resource]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dcat:theme IRI+; + dct:publisher @:organisationShape; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:organisationShape IRI { + a [foaf:Organisation]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; + dct:spatial @:locationShape*; + foaf:page IRI* +} + +:locationShape IRI { + a [dct:Location]; + dct:title xsd:string; + dct:description xsd:string*; +} + +``` diff --git a/docs/shex.jpg b/docs/shex.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 9f0d8aa..0000000 Binary files a/docs/shex.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/vocabulary_code.json b/docs/vocabulary_code.json deleted file mode 100644 index b230014..0000000 --- a/docs/vocabulary_code.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "vocabulary_code.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "title": "Code", - "description": "A code from a coding system, controlled vocabulary or ontology", - "required": [ - "@id" - ], - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the code", - "type": "string", - "example": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_137628" - }, - "name": { - "description": "A human-readable name for code", - "type": "string", - "example": "Cardiac anomalies-heterotaxy syndrome" - }, - "code_system": { - "description": "A coding system that defines the code", - "type": "string", - "$ref": "vocabulary_code_system.json" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/vocabulary_code.md b/docs/vocabulary_code.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9b50b98..0000000 --- a/docs/vocabulary_code.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ -# Code Schema - -``` -vocabulary_code.json -``` - -A code from a coding system, controlled vocabulary or ontology - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [vocabulary_code.json](vocabulary_code.json) | - -## Schema Hierarchy - -- Code `vocabulary_code.json` - - [Coding system](vocabulary_code_system.md) `vocabulary_code_system.json` - -# Code Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| --------------------------- | ------------- | ------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------ | -| [@id](#id) | `string` | **Required** | No | Code (this schema) | -| [code_system](#code_system) | Coding system | Optional | No | Code (this schema) | -| [name](#name) | `string` | Optional | No | Code (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## @id - -a primary identifier for the code - -`@id` - -- is **required** -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_137628 - -### @id Type - -`string` - -## code_system - -A coding system that defines the code - -`code_system` - -- is optional -- type: Coding system -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### code_system Type - -- [Coding system](vocabulary_code_system.md) – `vocabulary_code_system.json` - -## name - -A human-readable name for code - -`name` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: Cardiac anomalies-heterotaxy syndrome - -### name Type - -`string` diff --git a/docs/vocabulary_code_system.json b/docs/vocabulary_code_system.json deleted file mode 100644 index 749d3a5..0000000 --- a/docs/vocabulary_code_system.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "vocabulary_code_system.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "title": "Coding system", - "description": "A code system, controlled vocabulary or ontology", - "required": [ - "@id" - ], - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the coding system", - "type": "string", - "example": "http://www.orpha.net/ontology/ORDO.owl" - }, - "name": { - "description": "A human-readable name for coding system", - "type": "string", - "example": "The Orphanet Rare Disease ontology (ORDO) is jointly developed by Orphanet and the EBI to provide a structured vocabulary for rare diseases capturing relationships between diseases, genes and other relevant features which will form a useful resource for the computational analysis of rare diseases" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/vocabulary_code_system.md b/docs/vocabulary_code_system.md deleted file mode 100644 index ba40db5..0000000 --- a/docs/vocabulary_code_system.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,51 +0,0 @@ -# Coding system Schema - -``` -vocabulary_code_system.json -``` - -A code system, controlled vocabulary or ontology - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [vocabulary_code_system.json](vocabulary_code_system.json) | - -# Coding system Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| ------------- | -------- | ------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------ | -| [@id](#id) | `string` | **Required** | No | Coding system (this schema) | -| [name](#name) | `string` | Optional | No | Coding system (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## @id - -a primary identifier for the coding system - -`@id` - -- is **required** -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: http://www.orpha.net/ontology/ORDO.owl - -### @id Type - -`string` - -## name - -A human-readable name for coding system - -`name` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: The Orphanet Rare Disease ontology (ORDO) is jointly developed by Orphanet and the EBI to provide a - structured vocabulary for rare diseases capturing relationships between diseases, genes and other relevant features - which will form a useful resource for the computational analysis of rare diseases - -### name Type - -`string` diff --git a/ejp_vocabulary_context.json b/ejp_vocabulary_context.json deleted file mode 100644 index 8147d2e..0000000 --- a/ejp_vocabulary_context.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ -{ - "@context": { - "@base": "http://purl.org/ejp-rd/vocabulary/", - "ejp": "http://purl.org/ejp-rd/vocabulary/", - "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", - "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", - "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#", - "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", - "dct": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", - "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", - "dcat": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#", - "vcard": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#", - "foaf" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", - "umbel" : "http://umbel.org/umbel#", - "id": "dc:identifier", - "name": "dct:title", - "city": "vcard:locality", - "country": "vcard:country-name", - "description": "dct:description", - "region" : "vcard:region", - "datasets": { - "@id": "dcat:dataset", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "theme": { - "@id": "dcat:theme", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "disease_code": { - "@id": "umbel:relatesToDisease", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "themeTaxonomy": { - "@id": "dcat:themeTaxonomy", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "location": "dct:spatial", - "publisher": "dct:publisher", - "type": { - "@id": "rdf:type", - "@type": "@id" - } - } -} diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/CHANGELOG.md b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/CHANGELOG.md deleted file mode 100644 index 93b0361..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/CHANGELOG.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,71 +0,0 @@ -# Changelog for EJPRD Resources MetadataSchema - -Description of changes are grouped as follows: - -* **Added:** new features - -* **Changed:** changes to existing functionality - -* **Deprecated:** a once-stable feature that has been removed - -* **Removed:** a deprecated feature that has been removed - -* **Fixed:** a bug fix - -* **Misc:** some miscellaneous other change - - - -# Released -Status: This release is in complaint with DCAT2 based around **five main classes** as the core classes for all EJPRD VP resources [Figure 1](https://github.com/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema/blob/dev-branch/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-1.0.0/diagrams/VP_Model.png): - -dcat:Catalog represents a catalog, which is a dataset in which each individual item is a metadata record describing some resource; the scope of dcat:Catalog is collections of metadata about datasets. - -dcat:Resource represents a dataset, or other resource that may be described by a metadata record in a catalog. This class is not intended to be used directly, but is the parent class of dcat:Dataset and dcat:Catalog. Member items in a catalog should be members of one of the sub-classes, or of a sub-class of these, or of a sub-class of dcat:Resource defined in a DCAT profile or other DCAT application. dcat:Resource is effectively an extension point for defining a catalog of any kind of resource. - -dcat:Dataset represents a dataset which is the collection of data, published or curated by a single organisation. Data comes in many forms including numbers, words, pixels, imagery, sound and other multi-media, and potentially other types, any of which might be collected into a dataset. - -Organisation: government agencies or other entities that are responsible for the catalog publication and maintenance - -Location: A spatial region or named place. - - -1. Class: Catalog - 1.1 Property: homepage - 1.2 Property: themes - 1.3 Property: haspart - 1.4 Property: dataset - 1.6 Property: catalog - - - -2. Class: Cataloged Resource - 2.1 Property: resource creator - 2.2 Property: description - 2.3 Property: title - 2.4 Property: language - 2.5 Property: publisher - 2.6 Property: identifier - 2.7 Property: theme/category - 2.8 Property: type/genre - 2.9 Property: landing page - - -3. Class: Dataset - 3.1 Property: spatial/geographical coverage - - - -4. Class: Organization - - -5. Class: Location - - - -## Added -This release is focused on the core model designed to represent **data about the EJPRD VP catalogs covering : a rare disease patients, biosample registries, biotools, and research projects**, which is just one of the major resources the EJPRD VP catalogs of registries covers. - -## Misc - -This is compliance with the (DCAT1 standard)[https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-vocab-dcat-20140116/] for catalogs descriptions. diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/LICENSE b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/LICENSE deleted file mode 100644 index 261eeb9..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/LICENSE +++ /dev/null @@ -1,201 +0,0 @@ - Apache License - Version 2.0, January 2004 - http://www.apache.org/licenses/ - - TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION - - 1. 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It can be used to describe biobanks, registries, research papers, bioinformatics tools - application software with well-defined data processing functions (inputs, outputs and operations). - - -EJPRD VP Catalog Metadata model defines important scientific, technical and administrative attributes that support cataloguing, discovery, use and interoperability of EJPRD resources. It concentrates upon the salient common features, with a minimal core of 5 entities only (name, short description, organisation, location, homepage, type of resource, ), to provide maximum flexibility for resources. diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/README.md b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3c3e6e6..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,419 +0,0 @@ -# EJPRD RESOURCES METADATA SCHEMA - - -Here you will find the *EJPRD Resources Metadata schema* - the JSON schema version of the [EJPRD Resources Metadata schema](https://github.com/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema) - a data model for describing EJPRD resources in the virtual platform catalog. - -Production ----------- -The metadata has seven major schemas for the catalog resource : -* [Catalog of Registries](https://github.com/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema/blob/master/docs/catalog_of_registries.json): this describes the catalogs / registries properties of the virtual platform catalogs resource. The catalog properties and description detailed [here](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/catalog_of_registries.html). - - -* [Location](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/location.html). - -* [Organisation](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/organisation.html). - -* [Code](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/vocabulary_code.html). - -* [Coding System](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/vocabulary_code_system.html). - -* [Case or observation](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/case.html). - -* [Rare disease registry dataset](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/registry.html). - - -# Structure ---------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Schema modules - Description EJPRD resources link - JSON Schema - Comments -
catalogs as describe in EJPRD Virtual Platform - Full description https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/catalog_of_registries.html) - Catalogs of registries [here](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/catalog_of_registries.json) - This gives detailed description of the catalogs or registries as one of the resources that are discoverable in the EJPRD VP -
Location in EJPRD metadata resources - Full description https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/location.html - Location in JSON [here](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/location.json) - This gives detailed description of the location where EJPRD catalogs or resources are created from e.g. country - Italy -
Organisation in EJPRD metadata resources - Full description https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/organisation.html - Organisation in JSON [here](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/organisation.json) - This gives detailed description of the Organisation that is responsible for the EJPRD catalogs or resources e.g. ERDRI -
Registries in EJPRD metadata resources - Full description https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/registry.html - Registries schema in JSON [here](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/registry.json) - This gives detailed description of the Registries that are discoverable through the EJPRD VP catalogs or resources. -
Code schema in EJPRD metadata resources - Full description https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/vocabulary_code.html - Code in JSON [here](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/vocabulary_code.json) - This gives detailed description of a code from a coding system, controlled vocabulary or ontology that are discoverable through the EJPRD VP catalogs or resources. -
Coding system schema in EJPRD metadata resources - Full description https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/vocabulary_code_system.html - Coding system schema in JSON [here](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/vocabulary_code_system.json) - This gives detailed description of the systems for coding, controlled vocabulary or ontology that are discoverable through the EJPRD VP catalogs or resources. -
Case or observation Schema schema in EJPRD metadata resources - Full description https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/case.html - Case or observation Schema schema in JSON [here](https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/case.json) - This gives detailed description of the systems for coding, controlled vocabulary or ontology that are discoverable through the EJPRD VP catalogs or resources. -
- - - -# Examples - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Type of Schema - Schema - Example - Comments -
ERDRI Catalogs - https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/registry.json - https://github.com/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema/blob/dev-branch/examples/erdri_catalog.json - This schema decribes the properties of the ERDRI registries : **ID** , **Type**, **name**, **publisher -- (name of the publisher, location of the publisher, country where the publisher is located)**, **dataset**. -
Registry - https://ejp-rd-vp.github.io/resource-metadata-schema/registry.json - https://github.com/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema/blob/dev-branch/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/registry-1.json - This schema describes the properties of the ERDRI registries : **ID** , **Type**, **name**, **publisher -- (name of the publisher, location of the publisher, country where the publisher is located)**. -
- -# Validating your metadata against the schema - -Validation of RDF can be done using the W3C validator: https://www.w3.org/RDF/Validator/ - -**Note**: This is for validation of data about registries and registry catalogues. - - -The main schema diagram [here](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema/master/diagrams/vp_model.gif). - -* The ShEx file for validation : - -```ShEx -prefix rdfs: -prefix sh: -prefix xsd: -prefix ejp-s: -prefix ejp: -prefix dct: -prefix dcat: -prefix skos: -prefix rdf: -prefix umbel: -prefix foaf: -prefix vcard: - -ejp-s:CatalogOfRegistriesShape IRI -// rdfs:label "CatalogOfRegistries Shape" -{ - rdf:type [ejp:CatalogOfRegistries] ? ; - dct:title xsd:string ? - // rdfs:label "name" - // rdfs:comment "a name or short description for the catalog"@en - ; - dct:description xsd:string ? - // rdfs:label "description" - // rdfs:comment "A description for the catalog"@en - ; - foaf:homepage xsd:string ? - // rdfs:label "homepage" - // rdfs:comment "The primary URL for the homepage of the catalog"@en - ; - dct:publisher @ejp-s:OrganisationShape * - // rdfs:label "Organization" - // rdfs:comment "The organisation that published a catalog of registries."@en - ; - dcat:dataset @ejp-s:RegistryDatasetShape * - // rdfs:label "datasets" - // rdfs:comment "Link to the patient registry datasets."@en - ; -} - - -ejp-s:RegistryDatasetShape IRI -// rdfs:label "Patient or biobank Registry Dataset" -{ - rdf:type [ejp:PatientRegistryDataset ejp:BiobankRegistryDataset] ? - // rdfs:label "@type" - // rdfs:comment "the primary type for this registry" - ; - dct:title xsd:string ? - // rdfs:label "name" - // rdfs:comment "a name or short description for the registry"@en - ; - dct:description xsd:string ? - // rdfs:label "description" - // rdfs:comment "A description for the registry"@en - ; - foaf:homepage xsd:string ? - // rdfs:label "homepage" - // rdfs:comment "The primary URL for the homepage of the registry"@en - ; - ejp:population_coverage @ejp-s:LocationShape * - // rdfs:label "PopulationCoverage" - // rdfs:comment "The country from which the patients in the dataset come from."@en; - dcat:theme @ejp-s:DiseaseCodeShape * - // rdfs:label "DiseaseCode" - // rdfs:comment "The disease code."@en ; - dct:publisher @ejp-s:OrganisationShape * - // rdfs:label "Organisation" - // rdfs:comment "The organisation that published a catalog of registries."@en ; -} - -ejp-s:DiseaseCase -{ - ejp:numberOfCases xsd:int ?; - ejp:inclusion_exclusion_criteria xsd:string ? ; - ejp:recruitment_area @ejp-s:LocationShape ? ; - umbel:relatesToDisease @ejp-s:DiseaseCodeShape * - // rdfs:label "DiseaseCode" - // rdfs:comment "The disease code."@en ; -} - - -ejp-s:DiseaseCodeShape IRI -// rdfs:label "DiseaseCode" -{ - rdf:type [skos:Concept] ? ; - dct:title xsd:string ? - // rdfs:label "name" - // rdfs:comment "a name for the disease concept"@en - ; - skos:inConceptSchema @ejp-s:DiseaseCodeSystem ? - // rdfs:label "PopulationCoverage" - // rdfs:comment "The country from which the patients in the dataset come from."@en - ; -} - -ejp-s:DiseaseCodeSystem IRI -// rdfs:label "DiseaseCodeSystem" -{ - rdf:type [skos:ConceptScheme] ?; - dct:title xsd:string ? - // rdfs:label "name" - // rdfs:comment "a name or short description for the coding system"@en - ; - -} - - -ejp-s:OrganisationShape -{ - dct:title xsd:string - // rdfs:label "name" - // rdfs:comment "a name or short description for the registry"@en - ; - dct:description xsd:string ? - // rdfs:label "description" - // rdfs:comment "A description for the registry"@en - ; - foaf:homepage xsd:string ? - // rdfs:label "homepage" - // rdfs:comment "The primary URL for the homepage of the registry"@en - ; - - dct:spatial @ejp-s:LocationShape ? - // rdfs:label "Location" - // rdfs:comment "The country where the organisation is situated."@en - ; -} - -ejp-s:LocationShape -{ - vcard:country-name xsd:string ? - // rdfs:label "country" - // rdfs:comment "The name of a country" - ; - vcard:locality xsd:string ? - // rdfs:label "city" - // rdfs:comment "The locality (e.g. city or town) associated with the address of the object " - ; - vcard:region xsd:string ? - // rdfs:label "region" - // rdfs:comment "The region (e.g. state or province) associated" - ; -} - -``` - -* The Shex Constrains - -* [Here](https://github.com/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema/blob/master/validation_vp_model/metadata_model.shex). - - -```ShEx - -@prefix rdfs: . -@prefix sh: . -@prefix xsd: . -@prefix ejp-s: . -@prefix ejp: . -@prefix dct: . -@prefix dcat: . -@prefix skos: . - -ejp-s:CatalogOfRegistriesShape - a rdfs:Class, sh:NodeShape ; - sh:nodeKind sh:IRI; - sh:targetClass ejp:CatalogOfRegistries ; - rdfs:label "CatalogOfRegistries" ; - rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource ; - - sh:property [ - sh:path dct:publisher ; - sh:name "Organisation" ; - sh:description "The organisation that published a catalog of registries." ; - sh:class ejp:Organisation; - sh:node ejp-s:OrganisationShape ; - sh:maxCount 1 ; - sh:minCount 1 ; - ] ; - sh:property [ - sh:path dcat:dataset ; - sh:name "patientRegistryDataset" ; - sh:description "A patient registry dataset." ; - sh:class ejp:PatientRegistryDataset; - sh:node ejp-s:PatientRegistryDatasetShape; - sh:minCount 1 ; - ] . - -ejp-s:OrganisationShape - a rdfs:Class, sh:NodeShape ; - sh:nodeKind sh:IRI; - sh:targetClass ejp:Organisation ; - rdfs:label "Organisation" ; - rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource ; - - sh:property [ - sh:path dct:spatial ; - sh:name "Location" ; - sh:description "The country where the organisation is situated." ; - sh:class ejp:Location; - sh:node ejp-s:LocationShape ; - sh:maxCount 1 ; - sh:minCount 1 ; - ] . - -ejp-s:PatientRegistryDatasetShape - a rdfs:Class, sh:NodeShape ; - sh:nodeKind sh:IRI; - sh:targetClass ejp:PatientRegistryDataset ; - rdfs:label "PatientRegistryDataset" ; - rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource ; - - sh:property [ - sh:path ejp:populationCoverage ; - sh:name "PopulationCoverage" ; - sh:description "The country from which the patients in the dataset come from." ; - sh:class ejp:Location; - sh:node ejp-s:LocationShape ; - sh:minCount 1 ; - ] ; - sh:property [ - sh:path dcat:theme ; - sh:name "DiseaseCode" ; - sh:description "The disease code." ; - sh:node ejp-s:DiseaseCodeShape ; - sh:minCount 1 ; - ] ; - sh:property [ - sh:path dct:publisher ; - sh:name "Organisation" ; - sh:description "The organisation that published a catalog of registries." ; - sh:class ejp:Organisation; - sh:node ejp-s:OrganisationShape ; - sh:maxCount 1 ; - sh:minCount 1 ; - ] . - -ejp-s:DiseaseCodeShape - a rdfs:Class, sh:NodeShape ; - sh:nodeKind sh:IRI; - sh:targetClass ejp:DiseaseCode ; - rdfs:label "DiseaseCode" ; - rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource ; - - sh:property [ - sh:path skos:inConceptSchema ; - sh:name "PopulationCoverage" ; - sh:description "The country from which the patients in the dataset come from." ; - sh:node ejp:DiseaseCodeSystem ; - sh:maxCount 1 ; - sh:minCount 1 ; - ] . - - -ejp-s:LocationShape - a rdfs:Class, sh:NodeShape ; - sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; - sh:targetClass ejp:Location ; - rdfs:label "Localtion" ; - rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . - -``` diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/build_ui.sh b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/build_ui.sh deleted file mode 100644 index 1a42a79..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/build_ui.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -cp ejp_vocabulary_context.json docs -cp validation_vp_model/metadata_model.shex docs -jsonschema2md -p example -e json -d json_schema/ -n -o docs/ -git add docs/*.md -git add docs/*.json diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/diagrams/EJP schema blocks.png b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/diagrams/EJP schema blocks.png deleted file mode 100644 index 56a8e79..0000000 Binary files a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/diagrams/EJP schema blocks.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/diagrams/vp_model.gif b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/diagrams/vp_model.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 9aefe30..0000000 Binary files a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/diagrams/vp_model.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/Gemfile b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/Gemfile deleted file mode 100644 index 91ceacd..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/Gemfile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -source 'https://rubygems.org' -gem 'github-pages', group: :jekyll_plugins \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/README.md b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4ee78ba..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -# EJP metadata schema - -As part of the [European Joint Programme (EJP) for Rare Disease](http://www.ejprarediseases.org), we are developing standards for rare disease registries to describe their metadata that will imporve the FAIR-ness of these resources. - -![schema](ejp.jpg){: .center-image } - - -The core model is designed to represent data about a rare disease patient and biosample registry. The model is currently small and intended to address basic use-cases for registry discovery. An abstract view of the model is depicted below. - -![schema](shex.jpg){: .center-image } - -## The schemas - -The schema can be serialised as JSON documents. We provide JSON schema documents for the following objects: - - -- [Rare disease catalog](./catalog_of_registries.md) – `catalog_of_registries.json` -- [Rare disease registry dataset](./registry.md) – `registry.json` -- [Case or observation](./case.md) – `case.json` -- [Code](./vocabulary_code.md) – `vocabulary_code.json` -- [Coding system](./vocabulary_code_system.md) – `vocabulary_code_system.json` -- [Location](./location.md) – `location.json` -- [Organisation](./organisation.md) – `organisation.json` - -The schema is available as an RDF/OWL file, and the [W3C Shape expression language](metadata_model.shex)(SHEx). - -## Example data - -TODO - add links to example documents. - -## Contributing - -This is an open community project. You can contribute to the schemas via our [GitHub repository](http://github.com/ejp-rd-vp/resource-metadata-schema). diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/_config.yml b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/_config.yml deleted file mode 100644 index eeb3ead..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/_config.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -theme: jekyll-theme-slate -title: EJP metadata schema -description: Building FAIR data for rare disease resources \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/case.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/case.json deleted file mode 100644 index 84ddd1e..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/case.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "case.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "title": "Case or observation", - "description": "Metadata about a dataset in a patient registry or biobank", - "properties": { - "description": { - "description": "A description for the case", - "type": "string", - "example": "number of patients" - }, - "number_of_cases": { - "description": "A number of patients registered for this case", - "type": "string", - "example": "12" - }, - "inclusion_exclusion_criteria": { - "description": "A description of the inclusion or exclusion criteria", - "type": "string", - "example": "none" - }, - "recruitment_area": { - "description": "The region or local covered by the registry", - "type": "array", - "items": { - "$ref": "location.json" - } - }, - "disease_code": { - "description": "A primary disease code associated with the case or group of patients", - "type": "array", - "items": { - "$ref": "vocabulary_code.json" - } - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/case.md b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/case.md deleted file mode 100644 index ec842cc..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/case.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ -# Case or observation Schema - -``` -case.json -``` - -Metadata about a dataset in a patient registry or biobank - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------- | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [case.json](case.json) | - -# Case or observation Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| ------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ---------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------ | -| [description](#description) | `string` | Optional | No | Case or observation (this schema) | -| [disease_code](#disease_code) | Code | Optional | No | Case or observation (this schema) | -| [inclusion_exclusion_criteria](#inclusion_exclusion_criteria) | `string` | Optional | No | Case or observation (this schema) | -| [number_of_cases](#number_of_cases) | `string` | Optional | No | Case or observation (this schema) | -| [recruitment_area](#recruitment_area) | Location | Optional | No | Case or observation (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## description - -A description for the case - -`description` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: number of patients - -### description Type - -`string` - -## disease_code - -A primary disease code associated with the case or group of patients - -`disease_code` - -- is optional -- type: Code -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### disease_code Type - -Array type: Code - -All items must be of the type: - -- [Code](vocabulary_code.md) – `vocabulary_code.json` - -## inclusion_exclusion_criteria - -A description of the inclusion or exclusion criteria - -`inclusion_exclusion_criteria` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: none - -### inclusion_exclusion_criteria Type - -`string` - -## number_of_cases - -A number of patients registered for this case - -`number_of_cases` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: 12 - -### number_of_cases Type - -`string` - -## recruitment_area - -The region or local covered by the registry - -`recruitment_area` - -- is optional -- type: Location -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### recruitment_area Type - -Array type: Location - -All items must be of the type: - -- [Location](location.md) – `location.json` diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/catalog_of_registries.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/catalog_of_registries.json deleted file mode 100644 index 421a012..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/catalog_of_registries.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "catalog_of_registries.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "title": "Rare disease catalog", - "description": "Schema to describe a resource that catalogs registries such as Orphanet", - "required": [ - "@id", - "@type" - ], - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "http://www.orpha.net" - }, - "@type": { - "description": "the primary type for this catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "CatalogOfRegistries", - "enum": [ - "CatalogOfRegistries" - ] - }, - "name": { - "description": "a name or short description for the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "Orphanet" - }, - "description": { - "description": "A description for the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "Orphanet is a unique resource, gathering and improving knowledge on rare diseases" - }, - "homepage": { - "description": "The primary URL for the homepage of the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "http://www.orpha.net" - }, - "datasets": { - "type": "array", - "descripton": "List of dataset urls", - "example": "http://www.orpha.net/datasests/1", - "items": { - "type": "string", - "format": "url" - } - }, - "organisation": { - "type": "array", - "items": { - "$ref": "organisation.json" - } - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/catalog_of_registries.md b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/catalog_of_registries.md deleted file mode 100644 index aff4432..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/catalog_of_registries.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,135 +0,0 @@ -# Rare disease catalog Schema - -``` -catalog_of_registries.json -``` - -Schema to describe a resource that catalogs registries such as Orphanet - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [catalog_of_registries.json](catalog_of_registries.json) | - -# Rare disease catalog Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| ----------------------------- | ------------ | ------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------ | -| [@id](#id) | `string` | **Required** | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| [@type](#type) | `enum` | **Required** | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| [datasets](#datasets) | `string[]` | Optional | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| [description](#description) | `string` | Optional | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| [homepage](#homepage) | `string` | Optional | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| [name](#name) | `string` | Optional | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| [organisation](#organisation) | Organisation | Optional | No | Rare disease catalog (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## @id - -a primary identifier for the catalog - -`@id` - -- is **required** -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: http://www.orpha.net - -### @id Type - -`string` - -## @type - -the primary type for this catalog - -`@type` - -- is **required** -- type: `enum` -- defined in this schema -- example: CatalogOfRegistries - -The value of this property **must** be equal to one of the [known values below](#type-known-values). - -### @type Known Values - -| Value | Description | -| --------------------- | ----------- | -| `CatalogOfRegistries` | | - -## datasets - -`datasets` - -- is optional -- type: `string[]` -- defined in this schema -- example: http://www.orpha.net/datasests/1 - -### datasets Type - -Array type: `string[]` - -All items must be of the type: `string` - -## description - -A description for the catalog - -`description` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: Orphanet is a unique resource, gathering and improving knowledge on rare diseases - -### description Type - -`string` - -## homepage - -The primary URL for the homepage of the catalog - -`homepage` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: http://www.orpha.net - -### homepage Type - -`string` - -## name - -a name or short description for the catalog - -`name` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: Orphanet - -### name Type - -`string` - -## organisation - -`organisation` - -- is optional -- type: Organisation -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### organisation Type - -Array type: Organisation - -All items must be of the type: - -- [Organisation](organisation.md) – `organisation.json` diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/ejp.jpg b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/ejp.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c6e9c35..0000000 Binary files a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/ejp.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/ejp_vocabulary_context.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/ejp_vocabulary_context.json deleted file mode 100644 index 05efc32..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/ejp_vocabulary_context.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ -{ - "@context": { - "@base": "http://purl.org/ejp-rd/vocabulary/", - "ejp": "http://purl.org/ejp-rd/vocabulary/", - "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", - "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", - "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#", - "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", - "dct": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", - "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", - "dcat": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#", - "vcard": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#", - "foaf" : "", - "umbel" : "", - "id": "dc:identifier", - "name": "dct:title", - "city": "vcard:locality", - "country": "vcard:country-name", - "description": "dct:description", - "region" : "vcard:region", - "datasets": { - "@id": "dcat:dataset", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "theme": { - "@id": "dcat:theme", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "disease_code": { - "@id": "umbel:relatesToDisease", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "themeTaxonomy": { - "@id": "dcat:themeTaxonomy", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "location": "dct:spatial", - "publisher": "dct:publisher", - "type": { - "@id": "rdf:type", - "@type": "@id" - } - } -} diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/location.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/location.json deleted file mode 100644 index 5052b6a..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/location.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "location.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "description": "A schema to describe a location, region or jurisdiction", - "title": "Location", - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the location", - "type": "string" - }, - "city": { - "description": "The name of a city", - "type": "string", - "example": "Paris" - }, - "country": { - "description": "The name of a country", - "type": "string", - "example": "France" - }, - "region": { - "description": "A broad description of a region", - "type": "string", - "enum": [ - "international, europe" - ], - "example": "international" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/location.md b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/location.md deleted file mode 100644 index 70b347b..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/location.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -# Location Schema - -``` -location.json -``` - -A schema to describe a location, region or jurisdiction - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------ | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [location.json](location.json) | - -# Location Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| ------------------- | -------- | ---------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------ | -| [@id](#id) | `string` | Optional | No | Location (this schema) | -| [city](#city) | `string` | Optional | No | Location (this schema) | -| [country](#country) | `string` | Optional | No | Location (this schema) | -| [region](#region) | `enum` | Optional | No | Location (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## @id - -a primary identifier for the location - -`@id` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### @id Type - -`string` - -## city - -The name of a city - -`city` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: Paris - -### city Type - -`string` - -## country - -The name of a country - -`country` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: France - -### country Type - -`string` - -## region - -A broad description of a region - -`region` - -- is optional -- type: `enum` -- defined in this schema -- example: international - -The value of this property **must** be equal to one of the [known values below](#region-known-values). - -### region Known Values - -| Value | Description | -| ----------------------- | ----------- | -| `international, europe` | | diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/organisation.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/organisation.json deleted file mode 100644 index 0e1e7f2..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/organisation.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "organisation.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "description": "A schema to describe an organisation", - "required": [ - "name" - ], - "title": "Organisation", - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the organisation", - "type": "string" - }, - "name": { - "description": "a name or short description for the organisation", - "type": "string", - "example": "Orphanet" - }, - "description": { - "description": "A description for the organiation", - "type": "string", - "example": "Orphanet is a unique resource, gathering and improving knowledge on rare diseases" - }, - "homepage": { - "description": "The primary URL for the homepage of the organisation", - "type": "string", - "format": "url", - "example": "https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/index.php" - }, - "location": { - "description": "Information about the location associated with the organisation", - "$ref": "location.json" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/organisation.md b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/organisation.md deleted file mode 100644 index c65b4a7..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/organisation.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -# Organisation Schema - -``` -organisation.json -``` - -A schema to describe an organisation - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------- | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [organisation.json](organisation.json) | - -## Schema Hierarchy - -- Organisation `organisation.json` - - [Location](location.md) `location.json` - -# Organisation Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| --------------------------- | -------- | ------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------ | -| [@id](#id) | `string` | Optional | No | Organisation (this schema) | -| [description](#description) | `string` | Optional | No | Organisation (this schema) | -| [homepage](#homepage) | `string` | Optional | No | Organisation (this schema) | -| [location](#location) | Location | Optional | No | Organisation (this schema) | -| [name](#name) | `string` | **Required** | No | Organisation (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## @id - -a primary identifier for the organisation - -`@id` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### @id Type - -`string` - -## description - -A description for the organiation - -`description` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: Orphanet is a unique resource, gathering and improving knowledge on rare diseases - -### description Type - -`string` - -## homepage - -The primary URL for the homepage of the organisation - -`homepage` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/index.php - -### homepage Type - -`string` - -## location - -Information about the location associated with the organisation - -`location` - -- is optional -- type: Location -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### location Type - -- [Location](location.md) – `location.json` - -## name - -a name or short description for the organisation - -`name` - -- is **required** -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: Orphanet - -### name Type - -`string` diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/registry.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/registry.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3b32e55..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/registry.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,60 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "registry.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "title": "Rare disease registry dataset", - "description": "A schema to describe a dataset of patients, cohorts or biomaterials from a registry", - "required": [ - "@id", - "@type" - ], - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the registry", - "type": "string", - "example": "https://www.pcdregistry.eu/" - }, - "@type": { - "description": "the primary type for this registry", - "type": "string", - "example": "PatientRegistryDataset", - "enum": [ - "PatientRegistryDataset", - "BiobankDataset" - ] - }, - "name": { - "description": "a name or short description for the registry", - "type": "string", - "example": "PDC registry" - }, - "description": { - "description": "A description for the registry", - "type": "string", - "example": "PDC registry" - }, - "homepage": { - "description": "The primary URL for the homepage of the registry", - "type": "string", - "example": "https://www.pcdregistry.eu/", - "format": "url" - }, - "publisher": { - "description": "The primary organisation responsible for publishing and maintaining the registry", - "$ref": "organisation.json" - }, - "theme": { - "description": "The primary diseases associated with the dataset", - "type": "array", - "items": { - "$ref": "vocabulary_code.json" - } - }, - "disease_cases": { - "description": "Information about the individual cases described in the registry", - "type": "array", - "items": { - "$ref": "case.json" - } - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/registry.md b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/registry.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8f0290e..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/registry.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,163 +0,0 @@ -# Rare disease registry dataset Schema - -``` -registry.json -``` - -A schema to describe a dataset of patients, cohorts or biomaterials from a registry - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------ | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [registry.json](registry.json) | - -## Schema Hierarchy - -- Rare disease registry dataset `registry.json` - - [Organisation](organisation.md) `organisation.json` - -# Rare disease registry dataset Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| ------------------------------- | ------------------- | ------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------- | -| [@id](#id) | `string` | **Required** | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [@type](#type) | `enum` | **Required** | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [description](#description) | `string` | Optional | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [disease_cases](#disease_cases) | Case or observation | Optional | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [homepage](#homepage) | `string` | Optional | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [name](#name) | `string` | Optional | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [publisher](#publisher) | Organisation | Optional | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| [theme](#theme) | Code | Optional | No | Rare disease registry dataset (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## @id - -a primary identifier for the registry - -`@id` - -- is **required** -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: https://www.pcdregistry.eu/ - -### @id Type - -`string` - -## @type - -the primary type for this registry - -`@type` - -- is **required** -- type: `enum` -- defined in this schema -- example: PatientRegistryDataset - -The value of this property **must** be equal to one of the [known values below](#type-known-values). - -### @type Known Values - -| Value | Description | -| ------------------------ | ----------- | -| `PatientRegistryDataset` | | -| `BiobankDataset` | | - -## description - -A description for the registry - -`description` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: PDC registry - -### description Type - -`string` - -## disease_cases - -Information about the individual cases described in the registry - -`disease_cases` - -- is optional -- type: Case or observation -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### disease_cases Type - -Array type: Case or observation - -All items must be of the type: - -- [Case or observation](case.md) – `case.json` - -## homepage - -The primary URL for the homepage of the registry - -`homepage` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: https://www.pcdregistry.eu/ - -### homepage Type - -`string` - -## name - -a name or short description for the registry - -`name` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: PDC registry - -### name Type - -`string` - -## publisher - -The primary organisation responsible for publishing and maintaining the registry - -`publisher` - -- is optional -- type: Organisation -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### publisher Type - -- [Organisation](organisation.md) – `organisation.json` - -## theme - -The primary diseases associated with the dataset - -`theme` - -- is optional -- type: Code -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### theme Type - -Array type: Code - -All items must be of the type: - -- [Code](vocabulary_code.md) – `vocabulary_code.json` diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/shex.jpg b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/shex.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 9f0d8aa..0000000 Binary files a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/shex.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/vocabulary_code.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/vocabulary_code.json deleted file mode 100644 index b230014..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/vocabulary_code.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "vocabulary_code.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "title": "Code", - "description": "A code from a coding system, controlled vocabulary or ontology", - "required": [ - "@id" - ], - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the code", - "type": "string", - "example": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_137628" - }, - "name": { - "description": "A human-readable name for code", - "type": "string", - "example": "Cardiac anomalies-heterotaxy syndrome" - }, - "code_system": { - "description": "A coding system that defines the code", - "type": "string", - "$ref": "vocabulary_code_system.json" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/vocabulary_code.md b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/vocabulary_code.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9b50b98..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/vocabulary_code.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ -# Code Schema - -``` -vocabulary_code.json -``` - -A code from a coding system, controlled vocabulary or ontology - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [vocabulary_code.json](vocabulary_code.json) | - -## Schema Hierarchy - -- Code `vocabulary_code.json` - - [Coding system](vocabulary_code_system.md) `vocabulary_code_system.json` - -# Code Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| --------------------------- | ------------- | ------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------ | -| [@id](#id) | `string` | **Required** | No | Code (this schema) | -| [code_system](#code_system) | Coding system | Optional | No | Code (this schema) | -| [name](#name) | `string` | Optional | No | Code (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## @id - -a primary identifier for the code - -`@id` - -- is **required** -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_137628 - -### @id Type - -`string` - -## code_system - -A coding system that defines the code - -`code_system` - -- is optional -- type: Coding system -- defined in this schema -- example: - -### code_system Type - -- [Coding system](vocabulary_code_system.md) – `vocabulary_code_system.json` - -## name - -A human-readable name for code - -`name` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: Cardiac anomalies-heterotaxy syndrome - -### name Type - -`string` diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/vocabulary_code_system.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/vocabulary_code_system.json deleted file mode 100644 index 749d3a5..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/vocabulary_code_system.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "vocabulary_code_system.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "title": "Coding system", - "description": "A code system, controlled vocabulary or ontology", - "required": [ - "@id" - ], - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the coding system", - "type": "string", - "example": "http://www.orpha.net/ontology/ORDO.owl" - }, - "name": { - "description": "A human-readable name for coding system", - "type": "string", - "example": "The Orphanet Rare Disease ontology (ORDO) is jointly developed by Orphanet and the EBI to provide a structured vocabulary for rare diseases capturing relationships between diseases, genes and other relevant features which will form a useful resource for the computational analysis of rare diseases" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/vocabulary_code_system.md b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/vocabulary_code_system.md deleted file mode 100644 index ba40db5..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/docs/vocabulary_code_system.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,51 +0,0 @@ -# Coding system Schema - -``` -vocabulary_code_system.json -``` - -A code system, controlled vocabulary or ontology - -| Abstract | Extensible | Status | Identifiable | Custom Properties | Additional Properties | Defined In | -| ------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | -| Can be instantiated | No | Experimental | No | Forbidden | Permitted | [vocabulary_code_system.json](vocabulary_code_system.json) | - -# Coding system Properties - -| Property | Type | Required | Nullable | Defined by | -| ------------- | -------- | ------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------ | -| [@id](#id) | `string` | **Required** | No | Coding system (this schema) | -| [name](#name) | `string` | Optional | No | Coding system (this schema) | -| `*` | any | Additional | Yes | this schema _allows_ additional properties | - -## @id - -a primary identifier for the coding system - -`@id` - -- is **required** -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: http://www.orpha.net/ontology/ORDO.owl - -### @id Type - -`string` - -## name - -A human-readable name for coding system - -`name` - -- is optional -- type: `string` -- defined in this schema -- example: The Orphanet Rare Disease ontology (ORDO) is jointly developed by Orphanet and the EBI to provide a - structured vocabulary for rare diseases capturing relationships between diseases, genes and other relevant features - which will form a useful resource for the computational analysis of rare diseases - -### name Type - -`string` diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/ejp_vocabulary_context.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/ejp_vocabulary_context.json deleted file mode 100644 index 8147d2e..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/ejp_vocabulary_context.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ -{ - "@context": { - "@base": "http://purl.org/ejp-rd/vocabulary/", - "ejp": "http://purl.org/ejp-rd/vocabulary/", - "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", - "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", - "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#", - "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", - "dct": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", - "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", - "dcat": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#", - "vcard": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#", - "foaf" : "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", - "umbel" : "http://umbel.org/umbel#", - "id": "dc:identifier", - "name": "dct:title", - "city": "vcard:locality", - "country": "vcard:country-name", - "description": "dct:description", - "region" : "vcard:region", - "datasets": { - "@id": "dcat:dataset", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "theme": { - "@id": "dcat:theme", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "disease_code": { - "@id": "umbel:relatesToDisease", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "themeTaxonomy": { - "@id": "dcat:themeTaxonomy", - "@type": "@id" - }, - "location": "dct:spatial", - "publisher": "dct:publisher", - "type": { - "@id": "rdf:type", - "@type": "@id" - } - } -} diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1.SAFE.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1.SAFE.json deleted file mode 100644 index 92f3c2c..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1.SAFE.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id": "catalog_of_registries.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "title": "Rare disease catalog", - "description": "Schema to describe a resource that catalogs registries such as Orphanet", - "required": [ - "@id", - "@type" - ], - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "http://www.orpha.net" - }, - "@type": { - "description": "the primary type for this catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "CatalogOfRegistries", - "enum": [ - "CatalogOfRegistries" - ] - }, - "name": { - "description": "a name or short description for the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "Orphanet" - }, - "description": { - "description": "A description for the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "Orphanet is a unique resource, gathering and improving knowledge on rare diseases" - }, - "homepage": { - "description": "The primary URL for the homepage of the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example": "http://www.orpha.net" - }, - "datasets": { - "type": "array", - "descripton": "List of dataset urls", - "example": "http://www.orpha.net/datasests/1", - "items": { - "type": "string", - "format": "url" - } - }, - "organisation": { - "type": "array", - "items": { - "$ref": "organisation.json" - } - } - } -} diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/erdri_catalog.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/erdri_catalog.json deleted file mode 100644 index 6d3f18e..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/erdri_catalog.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -{ - "@id": "https://eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/erdridor/", - "@type": "CatalogOfRegistries", - "name": "European Directory of Registries", - "publisher": [ - { - "name": "European Platform on Rare Disease Registration", - "location": { - "country": "Germany" - } - } - ], - "datasets" : [ - "https://www.pcdregistry.eu/", "http://www.reseau-htap.fr/" - ] -} - diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/CatalogOfRegistries_ErdriDOR.ttl b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/CatalogOfRegistries_ErdriDOR.ttl deleted file mode 100644 index 0e29df2..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/CatalogOfRegistries_ErdriDOR.ttl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -@prefix : . -@prefix dc: . -@prefix dcat: . -@prefix dct: . -@prefix ejp: . -@prefix foaf: . -@prefix ordo: . -@prefix owl: . -@prefix rdf: . -@prefix rdfs: . -@prefix xml: . -@prefix xsd: . - - - - - -ejp:ErdriDOR_Location - a ejp:Location ; - ejp:country "Italy" . - -ejp:ErdriDOR a ejp:Organisation ; - dct:spatial ejp:ErdriDOR_Location ; - foaf:page "https://eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/erdridor/" . - -ejp:CatalogOfRegistries_ErdriDOR - a ejp:CatalogOfRegistries ; - dct:publisher ejp:ErdriDOR ; - dct:title "ERDRI.dor" , "European Directory of Registries" ; - dcat:dataset ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2444 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_4505 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_4353 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_4485 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_4529 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_4607 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2151 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2424 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2514 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2501 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2935 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2208 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_4201 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2210 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_4601 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2484 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2851 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_4605 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2427 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_4351 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2001 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_4560 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2665 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_4301 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_4531 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2205 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2478 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2401 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2548 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2918 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2901 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2923 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2910 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2659 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2201 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2904 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_3201 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2343 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_4582 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2927 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2517 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2405 , ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2503 ; - dcat:themeTaxonomy . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2478.ttl b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2478.ttl deleted file mode 100644 index 51aeb97..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2478.ttl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -@prefix : . -@prefix dc: . -@prefix dcat: . -@prefix dct: . -@prefix ejp: . -@prefix foaf: . -@prefix ordo: . -@prefix owl: . -@prefix rdf: . -@prefix rdfs: . -@prefix xml: . -@prefix xsd: . - - - - -ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2478 - a ejp:PatientRegistryDataset ; - dct:publisher ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2478_Organisation ; - dct:title "PCD Registry" ; - ejp:populationCoverage ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2478_PopulationCoverage ; - dcat:theme ordo:Orphanet_137628 , ordo:Orphanet_244 , ordo:Orphanet_275742 , ordo:Orphanet_363250 , ordo:Orphanet_98861 ; - foaf:page "https://eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/erdridor/register/2478" . - -ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2478_Organisation - a ejp:Organisation ; - dct:spatial ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2478_Organisation_Location . - -ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2478_PopulationCoverage - a ejp:Location ; - ejp:country "International" . - -ejp:PatientRegistryDataset_ErdriDOR_2478_Organisation_Location - a ejp:Location ; - ejp:country "GERMANY" . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/catalog.ttl b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/catalog.ttl deleted file mode 100644 index 2e9350c..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/catalog.ttl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -@prefix dc: . -@prefix dcat: . -@prefix dct: . -@prefix ejp: . -@prefix owl: . -@prefix rdf: . -@prefix rdfs: . -@prefix xml: . -@prefix xsd: . - - a ejp:CatalogOfRegistries ; - dct:dataset , - ; - dct:publisher [ dct:spatial [ ejp:country "Germany" ] ; - dct:title "European Platform on Rare Disease Registration" ] ; - dct:title "European Directory of Registries" ; - dcat:themeTaxonomy . - diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/erdri_registry_1.ttl b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/erdri_registry_1.ttl deleted file mode 100644 index fcbe4a4..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/erdri_registry_1.ttl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -@prefix dc: . -@prefix dcat: . -@prefix dct: . -@prefix ejp: . -@prefix owl: . -@prefix rdf: . -@prefix rdfs: . -@prefix xml: . -@prefix xsd: . - - a ejp:PatientRegistryDataset ; - dct:publisher [ dct:spatial [ ejp:city "94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre" ; - ejp:country "France" ] ; - dct:title "AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre Université Paris-Sud" ] ; - dct:title "FPHR" ; - dcat:theme , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - . - diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/erdri_registry_2.ttl b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/erdri_registry_2.ttl deleted file mode 100644 index c989a45..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/rdf/erdri_registry_2.ttl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -@prefix dc: . -@prefix dcat: . -@prefix dct: . -@prefix ejp: . -@prefix owl: . -@prefix rdf: . -@prefix rdfs: . -@prefix xml: . -@prefix xsd: . - - a ejp:PatientRegistryDataset ; - dct:publisher [ dct:spatial [ ejp:city "D-48149 Muenster" ; - ejp:country "Germany" ] ; - dct:title "University Hospital Muenster of the Westfalian University of Muenster (WWU)" ] ; - dct:title "PCD Registry" ; - dcat:theme , - , - , - , - . - diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/registry-1.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/registry-1.json deleted file mode 100644 index 962ac2b..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/registry-1.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -{ - "@id": "https://www.pcdregistry.eu/", - "@type": "PatientRegistryDataset", - "name": "PCD Registry", - "disease_cases": [ - { - "disease_code": [ - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_137628"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_363250"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275742"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_244"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_98861"} - ] - } - ], - "publisher": [ - { - "name": "University Hospital Muenster of the Westfalian University of Muenster (WWU)", - "location": { - "city": "D-48149 Muenster", - "country": "Germany" - } - } - ] -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/registry-2.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/registry-2.json deleted file mode 100644 index 84fe55d..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/examples/registry-2.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -{ - "@id": "http://www.reseau-htap.fr/", - "@type": "PatientRegistryDataset", - "name": "FPHR", - "disease_cases": [ - { - "disease_code": [ - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_70591"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275786"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275777"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_422"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275766"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_182090"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275791"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275828"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275803"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275798"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275808"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275813"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275823"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275837"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275844"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_431353"}, - {"@id": "http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_71198"} - ] - } - ], - "publisher": [ - { - "name": "AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre Université Paris-Sud", - "location": { - "city": "94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre", - "country": "France" - } - } - ] -} diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/case.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/case.json deleted file mode 100644 index 7cee313..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/case.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,41 +0,0 @@ -```JSON - -{ - "$id" : "case.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "title": "Case or observation", - "description": "Metadata about a dataset in a patient registry or biobank", - "properties": { - "description": { - "description": "A description for the case", - "type": "string", - "example" : "number of patients" - }, - "number_of_cases": { - "description": "A number of patients registered for this case", - "type": "string", - "example" : "12" - }, - "inclusion_exclusion_criteria": { - "description": "A description of the inclusion or exclusion criteria", - "type": "string", - "example" : "none" - }, - "recruitment_area": { - "description": "The region or local covered by the registry", - "type": "array", - "items": { - "$ref": "location.json" - } - }, - "disease_code": { - "description" : "A primary disease code associated with the case or group of patients", - "type" : "array", - "items" : { - "$ref" : "vocabulary_code.json" - } - } - } -} - -``` diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/catalog_of_registries.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/catalog_of_registries.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3dfc347..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/catalog_of_registries.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id" : "catalog_of_registries.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "title": "Rare disease catalog", - "description": "Schema to describe a resource that catalogs registries such as Orphanet", - "required": [ - "@id", - "@type" - ], - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example" : "http://www.orpha.net" - }, - "@type": { - "description": "the primary type for this catalog", - "type": "string", - "example" : "CatalogOfRegistries", - "enum": [ - "CatalogOfRegistries" - ] - }, - "name": { - "description": "a name or short description for the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example" : "Orphanet" - }, - "description": { - "description": "A description for the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example" : "Orphanet is a unique resource, gathering and improving knowledge on rare diseases" - - }, - "homepage": { - "description": "The primary URL for the homepage of the catalog", - "type": "string", - "example" : "http://www.orpha.net" - }, - "datasets" : { - "type": "array", - "descripton": "List of dataset urls", - "example" : "http://www.orpha.net/datasests/1", - "items": { - "type" : "string", - "format" : "url" - - } - }, - "organisation" : { - "type": "array", - "items": { - "$ref": "organisation.json" - } - } - } -} diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/location.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/location.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3fe8f67..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/location.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id" : "location.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "description": "A schema to describe a location, region or jurisdiction", - "title": "Location", - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the location", - "type": "string" - }, - "city": { - "description": "The name of a city", - "type": "string", - "example" : "Paris" - - }, - "country": { - "description": "The name of a country", - "type": "string", - "example" : "France" - - }, - "region": { - "description" : "A broad description of a region", - "type" : "string", - "enum" : ["international, europe"], - "example" : "international" - } - - } -} - diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/organisation.json b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/organisation.json deleted file mode 100644 index 6b7342b..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/organisation.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -{ - "$id" : "organisation.json", - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#", - "description": "A schema to describe an organisation", - "required": [ - "name" - ], - "title": "Organisation", - "properties": { - "@id": { - "description": "a primary identifier for the organisation", - "type": "string" - }, - "name": { - "description": "a name or short description for the organisation", - "type": "string", - "example" : "Orphanet" - }, - "description": { - "description": "A description for the organiation", - "type" : "string", - "example": "Orphanet is a unique resource, gathering and improving knowledge on rare diseases" - }, - "homepage": { - "description": "The primary URL for the homepage of the organisation", - "type" : "string", - "format" : "url", - "example": "https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/index.php" - }, - "location": { - "description": "Information about the location associated with the organisation", - "$ref": "location.json" - } - } -} - diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/rd-connect-sample-catalogue/attributes.tsv b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/rd-connect-sample-catalogue/attributes.tsv deleted file mode 100644 index 8e8a543..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/rd-connect-sample-catalogue/attributes.tsv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ -"entity" "name" "label" "dataType" "refEntity" "nillable" "idAttribute" "enumOptions" "defaultValue" "rangeMin" "rangeMax" "lookupAttribute" "labelAttribute" "readOnly" "aggregateable" "visible" "unique" "partOfAttribute" "expression" "validationExpression" "tags" "description" "mappedBy" "description-de" "label-de" "description-en" "label-en" "description-es" "label-es" "description-fr" "label-fr" "description-it" "label-it" "description-nl" "label-nl" "description-pt" "label-pt" "description-xx" "label-xx" -"rd_connect_AnatomicalSite" "ID" "ID" "string" "" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "" "" "ID of the Ontology term" "" -"rd_connect_AnatomicalSite" "IRI" "IRI" "hyperlink" "" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "true" "true" "" "" "IRI of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_AnatomicalSite" "PreferredTerm" "Preferred term" "string" "" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Preferred term of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_AnatomicalSite" "Description" "Description" "text" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Description of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_AnatomicalSite" "Code" "Code" "string" "" "false" "false" "true" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Code of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_Biobank" "name" "Name" "string" "" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "" -"rd_connect_Biobank" "nameOfHostInstitution" "Host institution" "string" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "" -"rd_connect_Biobank" "city" "City" "string" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "" -"rd_connect_Biobank" "country" "Country" "string" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "" -"rd_connect_Biobank" "idCardUrl" "ID Card" "hyperlink" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "" -"rd_connect_Biobank" "organizationId" "OrganizationID" "string" "" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "" "" "" -"rd_connect_BoolWithNullFlavors" "value" "Value" "string" "" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "true" "true" "" "" "Value code" "" -"rd_connect_BoolWithNullFlavors" "label" "Label" "string" "" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Value label" "" -"rd_connect_BoolWithNullFlavors" "description" "Description" "string" "" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Value description" "" -"rd_connect_DiagnosisType" "value" "Value" "string" "" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "true" "true" "" "" "Value code" "" -"rd_connect_DiagnosisType" "label" "Label" "string" "" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Value label" "" -"rd_connect_DiagnosisType" "description" "Description" "string" "" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Value description" "" -"rd_connect_Disease" "ID" "ID" "string" "" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "" "" "ID of the Ontology term" "" -"rd_connect_Disease" "IRI" "IRI" "hyperlink" "" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "true" "true" "" "" "IRI of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_Disease" "PreferredTerm" "Preferred term" "string" "" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Preferred term of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_Disease" "Description" "Description" "text" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Description of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_Disease" "Code" "Code" "string" "" "false" "false" "true" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Code of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_MaterialType" "ID" "ID" "string" "" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "" "" "ID of the Ontology term" "" -"rd_connect_MaterialType" "IRI" "IRI" "hyperlink" "" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "true" "true" "" "" "IRI of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_MaterialType" "PreferredTerm" "Preferred term" "string" "" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Preferred term of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_MaterialType" "Description" "Description" "text" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Description of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_MaterialType" "Code" "Code" "string" "" "false" "false" "true" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Code of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_Registry" "name" "Name" "string" "" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "" -"rd_connect_Registry" "nameOfHostInstitution" "Host institution" "string" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "" -"rd_connect_Registry" "city" "City" "string" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "" -"rd_connect_Registry" "country" "Country" "string" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "" -"rd_connect_Registry" "idCardUrl" "ID Card" "hyperlink" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "" -"rd_connect_Registry" "organizationId" "OrganizationID" "string" "" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "" "" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "ID" "Sample ID" "string" "" "false" "true" "false" "true" "true" "false" "true" "true" "" "" "Sample ID as provided by the Biobank" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "Disease" "Disease" "mref" "rd_connect_Disease" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Disease from an established ontology (e.g. ICD-10, OMIM, Orphanet)" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "MaterialTypeDetailed" "Material Type" "xref" "rd_connect_MaterialType" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Type of material" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "AnatomicalSite" "Anatomical Site" "xref" "rd_connect_AnatomicalSite" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Code for the anatomic source of the material from an established ontology (http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/UBERON)" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "Sex" "Sex" "categorical" "rd_connect_Sex" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Gender of the participant" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "DiagnosisType" "Diagnosis Type" "categorical_mref" "rd_connect_DiagnosisType" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Classification of how the participant was diagnosed" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "Genotype" "Genotype data available" "categorical" "rd_connect_BoolWithNullFlavors" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Is genotype data available?" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "AgeAtSampling" "Age at Sampling" "int" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Age of the participant when the sample was taken" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "AgeAtDeath" "Age at Death" "int" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Age of the participant at death" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "AgeAtDiagnosis" "Age at Diagnosis" "int" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Age of the participant at diagnosis" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "AgeAtRemission" "Age at Remission" "int" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Age of the participant when remissioned" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "Affected" "Affected" "categorical" "rd_connect_BoolWithNullFlavors" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Person is showing a disease phenotype?" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "Family" "Family members available" "categorical" "rd_connect_BoolWithNullFlavors" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Is information from relatives available?" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "RelatedSamples" "Related samples available" "categorical" "rd_connect_BoolWithNullFlavors" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Are related samples available?" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "Registry" "Registry data available" "categorical" "rd_connect_BoolWithNullFlavors" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Information of the patient available in a registry?" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "BiobankID" "Hosting Biobank" "xref" "rd_connect_Biobank" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "Reference to the biobank that holds the sample" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "RegistryID" "Hosting Registry" "xref" "rd_connect_Registry" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Reference to the registry that holds the participant information" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "ParticipantID" "Sample donor ID" "string" "" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "false" "" "" "Pseudonomized sample donor ID as provided by the Biobank" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "LastUpdated" "Date of last update" "date" "" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "The date the sample information was last updated in the source system" "" -"rd_connect_Sample" "UploadDate" "Date of upload" "date" "" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "" "" "The date the record was uploaded in the catalogue" "" -"rd_connect_Sex" "ID" "ID" "string" "" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "false" "true" "" "" "ID of the Ontology term" "" -"rd_connect_Sex" "IRI" "IRI" "hyperlink" "" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "true" "true" "" "" "IRI of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_Sex" "PreferredTerm" "Preferred term" "string" "" "false" "false" "true" "true" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Preferred term of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_Sex" "Description" "Description" "text" "" "true" "false" "false" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Description of the concept in the ontology" "" -"rd_connect_Sex" "Code" "Code" "string" "" "false" "false" "true" "false" "false" "false" "true" "false" "" "" "Code of the concept in the ontology" "" diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/rd-connect-sample-catalogue/entities.tsv b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/rd-connect-sample-catalogue/entities.tsv deleted file mode 100644 index cd773aa..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/rd-connect-sample-catalogue/entities.tsv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -"name" "package" "extends" "abstract" "backend" "tags" "label" "description" "description-de" "label-de" "description-en" "label-en" "description-es" "label-es" "description-fr" "label-fr" "description-it" "label-it" "description-nl" "label-nl" "description-pt" "label-pt" "description-xx" "label-xx" -"AnatomicalSite" "rd_connect" "" "false" "" "" "Anatomical Site" "Anatomical Site where a sample was taken" -"Biobank" "rd_connect" "" "false" "" "" "Biobank" "Biobank from ID-Card" -"BoolWithNullFlavors" "rd_connect" "" "false" "" "" "Boolean" "Boolean value with Null Flavors" -"DiagnosisType" "rd_connect" "" "false" "" "" "Diagnosis Type" "Type of diagnosis" -"Disease" "rd_connect" "" "false" "" "" "Disease" "Disease" -"MaterialType" "rd_connect" "" "false" "" "" "Material Type" "Detailed Material type (ontology based)" -"Registry" "rd_connect" "" "false" "" "" "Registry" "Registry from ID-Card" -"Sample" "rd_connect" "" "false" "" "" "Sample Information" "Sample Information" -"Sex" "rd_connect" "" "false" "" "" "Sex" "Biological sex of the person" diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/rd-connect-sample-catalogue/packages.tsv b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/rd-connect-sample-catalogue/packages.tsv deleted file mode 100644 index f418419..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/rd-connect-sample-catalogue/packages.tsv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -"name" "description" "label" "parent" "tags" -"rd_connect" "RD-Connect Biobank model based on MIABIS" "RD-Connect" "" "" diff --git a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/rd-connect-sample-catalogue/rd_connect_AnatomicalSite.tsv b/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/rd-connect-sample-catalogue/rd_connect_AnatomicalSite.tsv deleted file mode 100644 index ce840ee..0000000 --- a/ejprd-vp_catalog_model/versions/ejprdVPMetadataSchema-0.0.1/json_schema/rd-connect-sample-catalogue/rd_connect_AnatomicalSite.tsv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14751 +0,0 @@ -"ID" "IRI" "PreferredTerm" "Description" "Code" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000000" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000000" "processual entity" "An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity." "0000000" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000002" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000002" "uterine cervix" "Lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina." "0000002" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000003" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000003" "naris" "Orifice of the olfactory system. The naris is the route by which odorants enter the olfactory system[MAH]." "0000003" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000004" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000004" "nose" "The olfactory organ of vertebrates, consisting of nares, olfactory epithelia and the structures and skeletal framework of the nasal cavity." "0000004" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000005" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000005" "chemosensory organ" "0000005" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000006" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000006" "islet of Langerhans" "the clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas" "0000006" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000007" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000007" "pituitary gland" "The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands [GO]. An endocrine gland located ventral to the diencephalon and derived from mixed neuroectodermal and non neuroectodermal origin [ZFIN]." "0000007" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000009" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000009" "submucosa" "A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that lines organs and supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle. [WP,unvetted]." "0000009" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000010" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000010" "peripheral nervous system" "A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands." "0000010" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000011" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000011" "parasympathetic nervous system" "The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia[GO]." "0000011" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000012" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000012" "somatic nervous system" "Part of peripheral nervous system that includes the somatic parts of the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors." "0000012" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000013" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000013" "sympathetic nervous system" "The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter [GO]." "0000013" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000014" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000014" "zone of skin" "Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis." "0000014" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000015" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000015" "non-material anatomical boundary" "A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures." "0000015" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000016" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000016" "endocrine pancreas" "The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin." "0000016" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000017" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000017" "exocrine pancreas" "The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]." "0000017" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000018" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000018" "compound eye" "A light sensing organ composed of ommatidia" "0000018" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000019" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000019" "camera-type eye" "An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid." "0000019" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000020" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000020" "sense organ" "An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system." "0000020" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000021" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000021" "cutaneous appendage" "Anatomical projection that protrudes from the skin. Examples: hair, nail, feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, antler, bristle and some scales." "0000021" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000022" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000022" "feather" "one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. Feathers are formed in tiny follicles in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins." "0000022" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000023" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000023" "wing" "Appendage that is shaped in order to produce lift for flight through the air." "0000023" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000024" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000024" "forelimb wing" "Forelimb that is used to produce lift for flight through the air." "0000024" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000025" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000025" "tube" "Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported." "0000025" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000026" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000026" "appendage" "Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO]." "0000026" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000029" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000029" "lymph node" "Any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph." "0000029" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000030" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000030" "lamina propria" "A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions." "0000030" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000031" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000031" "lamina propria of trachea" "A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory airway." "0000031" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000032" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000032" "obsolete cranial structure" "0000032" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000033" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000033" "head" "The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]." "0000033" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000035" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000035" "primary ovarian follicle" "An ovarian follicle that has one layer of granulosa cells." "0000035" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000036" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000036" "secondary ovarian follicle" "A maturing ovarian follicle that has two more more layers of granulosa cells, up to the onset of antrum formation." "0000036" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000037" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000037" "tertiary ovarian follicle" "A follicle that has reached the most mature stage of folliculogenesis, characterized by the presence of the antrum" "0000037" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000038" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000038" "follicular fluid" "The fluid surrounding the ovum and granulosa cells in the ovarian follicle." "0000038" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000039" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000039" "follicular antrum" "Region of ovarian follicle filled with follicular fluid." "0000039" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000040" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000040" "Leydig's organ" "A hemopoietic organ found in elasmobranchs. Along with the spleen and special tissue around the gonads, this structure produces red blood cells and it is nestled along the top and bottom of the esophagus." "0000040" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000041" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000041" "odontode scale" "Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis[VSAO]." "0000041" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000042" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000042" "serous membrane" "multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer." "0000042" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000043" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000043" "tendon" "Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO]." "0000043" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000044" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000044" "dorsal root ganglion" "* Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain. (MSH) * ganglion found on the posterior root of each spinal nerve, composed of the unipolar nerve cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the nerve. (CSP)" "0000044" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000045" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000045" "ganglion" "A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies." "0000045" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000046" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000046" "stemma" "eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angles of light that enters and affects the eyespot, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light" "0000046" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000047" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000047" "simple eye" "An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity." "0000047" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000048" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000048" "pinhole eye" "Simple eye that has a small aperture (which may be adjustable) and deep pit. It is only found in the nautiloids." "0000048" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000049" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000049" "spherical lensed eye" "simple eye that consists of a lens of one refractive index" "0000049" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000050" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000050" "simple eye with multiple lenses" "simple eye that has two or more lenses. Some marine organisms bear more than one lens; for instance the copeopod Pontella has three. The outer has a parabolic surface, countering the effects of spherical aberration while allowing a sharp image to be formed. Copilla's eyes have two lenses, which move in and out like a telescope" "0000050" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000051" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000051" "fornix of vagina" "The deepest portions of the vagina, extending into the recesses created by the vaginal portion of cervix[WP,unvetted]." "0000051" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000052" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000052" "fornix of brain" "A C-shaped bundle of fibres (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei. It is typically divided into the columns (crus), body, commissure and the pre-commissural and post-commissural fornix (MM)." "0000052" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000053" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000053" "macula lutea" "An oval area in the retina, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototopic visual acuity. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)" "0000053" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000054" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000054" "macula" "Thickened areas of the saccule or utricle where the termination of the vestibular nerve occurs[MESH,modified]." "0000054" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000055" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000055" "vessel" "A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph." "0000055" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000056" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000056" "ureter" "Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs." "0000056" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000057" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000057" "urethra" "the fibromuscular tubular canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior via the external urinary meatus; in males, the urethra is joined by the ejaculatory ducts and serves as a passageway for semen during ejaculation, as well as a canal for urine during voiding; in females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening" "0000057" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000058" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000058" "duct" "A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances." "0000058" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000059" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000059" "large intestine" "A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]." "0000059" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000060" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000060" "anatomical wall" "Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers." "0000060" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000061" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000061" "anatomical structure" "Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome." "0000061" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000062" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062" "organ" "Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]." "0000062" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000063" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000063" "organ subunit" "A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity." "0000063" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000064" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000064" "organ part" "A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ." "0000064" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000065" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065" "respiratory tract" "Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts" "0000065" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000066" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000066" "fully formed stage" "The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage." "0000066" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000067" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000067" "obsolete embryo stage part" "A stage that is part of the embryo stage." "0000067" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000068" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000068" "embryo stage" "A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo." "0000068" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000069" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000069" "larval stage" "A distinct juvenile stage many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle." "0000069" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000070" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000070" "pupal stage" "A life cycle stage of holometabolous insects in which the organism is a pupa and starts with the larval-pupal apolysis and ends with pupal-adult apolysis." "0000070" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000071" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000071" "death stage" "End of the life of an organism." "0000071" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000072" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000072" "proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract" "An section of a respiratory tract." "0000072" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000073" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000073" "regional part of nervous system" "Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS." "0000073" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000074" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000074" "renal glomerulus" "A capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney[GO]." "0000074" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000075" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000075" "subdivision of skeletal system" "Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism." "0000075" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000076" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000076" "external ectoderm" "The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm." "0000076" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000077" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000077" "mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure" "An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm." "0000077" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000078" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000078" "mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure" "An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm." "0000078" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000079" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000079" "male reproductive system" "The organs associated with producing offspring in the gender that produces spermatozoa." "0000079" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000080" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000080" "mesonephros" "The second stage of the kidney. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary embryonic kidney in higher vertebrates. It is composed of the mesonephric duct (also called the Wolffian duct), mesonephric tubules, and associated capillary tufts. A single tubule and its associated capillary tuft is called a mesonephric excretory unit; these units are similar in structure and function to nephrons of the adult kidney. The mesonephros is derived from intermediate mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo." "0000080" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000081" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000081" "metanephros" "In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine[GO]" "0000081" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000082" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000082" "adult mammalian kidney" "A kidney at the most advanced stage of development in a mammal." "0000082" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000083" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000083" "mesonephric tubule" "A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP]." "0000083" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000084" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000084" "ureteric bud" "An epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP]" "0000084" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000085" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000085" "morula" "A spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum." "0000085" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000086" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000086" "zona pellucida" "A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes." "0000086" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000087" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000087" "inner cell mass" "A mass of cells that develop into the body of the embryo and some extraembryonic tissues" "0000087" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000088" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000088" "trophoblast" "the mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta" "0000088" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000089" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000089" "hypoblast (generic)" "." "0000089" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000090" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000090" "blastocele" "fluid-filled central region of a blastocyst." "0000090" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000091" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000091" "bilaminar disc" "A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc." "0000091" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000092" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000092" "post-embryonic stage" "stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure" "0000092" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000093" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000093" "sulcus" "A depression or fissure in the surface of an organ." "0000093" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000094" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000094" "membrane organ" "Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA]" "0000094" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000095" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000095" "cardiac neural crest" "portion of neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to populate the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart, forming connective tissue that separates the great vessels of the heart. [Wikipedia]" "0000095" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000100" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000100" "blastopore" "the orifice of invagination of the endomesodermal cells during the embryonic stages of an organism." "0000100" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000101" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000101" "lobe of lung" "A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung[GO]." "0000101" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000102" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000102" "lung vasculature" "The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs[GO]." "0000102" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000103" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000103" "obsolete life cycle stage boundary" "Instant starting or ending a life cycle stage. These can be arbitrary/fiat." "0000103" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000104" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000104" "life cycle" "An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism." "0000104" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000105" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000105" "life cycle stage" "A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism." "0000105" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000106" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000106" "zygote stage" "A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction." "0000106" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000107" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000107" "cleavage stage" "The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula." "0000107" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000108" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000108" "blastula stage" "An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence." "0000108" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000109" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000109" "gastrula stage" "A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm." "0000109" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000110" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000110" "neurula stage" "Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system." "0000110" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000111" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000111" "organogenesis stage" "A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism." "0000111" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000112" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000112" "sexually immature stage" "0000112" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000113" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000113" "post-juvenile adult stage" "The stage of being a sexually mature adult animal." "0000113" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000114" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000114" "lung connective tissue" "the connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin" "0000114" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000115" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000115" "lung epithelium" "The epithelial layer of the lung." "0000115" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000116" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000116" "lung saccule" "Primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells[GO]." "0000116" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000117" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000117" "respiratory tube" "A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea." "0000117" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000118" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000118" "lung bud" "Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]." "0000118" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000119" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000119" "cell layer" "Portion of tissue, that consists of single layer of cells connected to each other by cell junctions. Examples: layer of glial cells; epithelium." "0000119" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000120" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000120" "blood brain barrier" "Cell layer consisting of lining cells that separates the central nervous system and the bloodstream. The BBB may consist of endothelial cells or glial cells. An endothelial barrier may have arisen independently several times during evolution. In bichir and lungfish the barrier is formed by brain endothelial cells, while in sturgeon it is formed by a complex perivascular glial sheath, but with no detectable tight junctions." "0000120" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000121" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000121" "perineurium" "A layer of thin, concentrically arranged cells with interspersed collagen that lies within the epineurium. (Nolte, J., The Human Brain 3rd edition)" "0000121" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000122" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000122" "neuron projection bundle" "A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses." "0000122" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000123" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000123" "endoneurium" "The loose connective tissue within the perineurium that continues into nerve fascicles and surrounds individual fibers. (Nolte, J. The Human Brain 3rd edition)" "0000123" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000124" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000124" "epineurium" "A loose connective tissue sheath surrounding each peripheral nerve. Composed mainly of colagen and fibroblasts, it forms a substantial covering over nerve trunks, then thins to an incomplete layer around smaller branches near their terminations. The epineurium is continuous centrally with the dura. Peripherally, it usually ends near the termination of a nerve fiber, but it may continue as the capsule of Meissner corpuscles and a few other encapsulated endings. Nolte, J. The Human Brain 3rd edition" "0000124" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000125" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000125" "neural nucleus" "A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO)" "0000125" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000126" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000126" "cranial nerve nucleus" "Nucleus that receives projections from or contains neurons that send projections through one of the cranial nerves" "0000126" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000127" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000127" "facial nucleus" "the group of motor neurons residing in the pons that innervate the muscles of facial expression" "0000127" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000128" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000128" "olivary body" "prominent oval structure in the medulla oblongata, present in pairs, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei" "0000128" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000130" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000130" "transverse foramen" "Foramen that pierces the transverse processes of the seven cervical vertebrae. In the upper six vertebrae, the foramen gives passage to the vertebral artery, vertebral vein, and a plexus of sympathetic nerves. The seventh foramen lacks the artery, but contains the vein and sympathetic nerves." "0000130" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000144" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000144" "trochlea of humerus" "The medial portion of the articular surface of the humerus is named the trochlea, and presents a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity. It is directly inferior to the most prominent anterior humeral fossia, the Coronoid fossia. It articulates with the ulna." "0000144" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000151" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000151" "pectoral fin" "Paired fin that is located in the thoracic region of the body." "0000151" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000152" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000152" "pelvic fin" "Paired fin located in the abdominal position of the body." "0000152" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000153" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000153" "anterior region of body" "0000153" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000154" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000154" "posterior region of body" "0000154" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000155" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000155" "theca cell layer" "A layer of the ovarian follicle that consists of theca cells." "0000155" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000156" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000156" "theca externa" "The theca externa is the outer layers of the theca folliculi. It contains abundant collagen and is mainly supportive." "0000156" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000157" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000157" "theca interna" "Theca interna cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone, which when activated will stimulate the production of androstenedione from cholesterol by the enzyme desmolase. Androstenedione ultimately gives the granulosa cells the precursor substrate for estrogen manufacturing." "0000157" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000158" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158" "membranous layer" "0000158" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000159" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000159" "anal canal" "The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus." "0000159" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000160" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160" "intestine" "Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine." "0000160" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000161" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000161" "orifice" "Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]." "0000161" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000162" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000162" "cloaca" "Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures" "0000162" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000163" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000163" "embryonic cloaca" "endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]." "0000163" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000164" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000164" "primitive urogenital sinus" "the ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females" "0000164" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000165" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000165" "mouth" "The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks)." "0000165" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000166" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000166" "oral opening" "The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body." "0000166" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000167" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000167" "oral cavity" "Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present)" "0000167" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000168" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000168" "proximal-distal subdivision of colon" "A section dividing a colon along a proximal-distal axis." "0000168" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000170" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000170" "pair of lungs" "The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung." "0000170" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000171" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000171" "respiration organ" "Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms." "0000171" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000172" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000172" "vomit" "A bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach disgorged through the mouth or nose that happens as a result of a vomit reflex." "0000172" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000173" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000173" "amniotic fluid" "Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma, mainly water with electrolytes. As the fetus develops, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urea are deposited in the fluid." "0000173" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000174" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000174" "excreta" "A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity" "0000174" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000175" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175" "pleural effusion" "Pleural effusion is a bodily fluid that is produced in exess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation." "0000175" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000176" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000176" "oronasal secretion" "A bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose." "0000176" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000177" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000177" "pus" "Pus is a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells." "0000177" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000178" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178" "blood" "A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes." "0000178" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000179" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000179" "haemolymphatic fluid" "Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs." "0000179" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000180" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000180" "lateral lumbar region of abdomen" "A region of the posterior torso (lower back) beneath the ribs and above the ilium." "0000180" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000199" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000199" "neck of radius" "The narrow part of the shaft of the radius just below the head." "0000199" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000200" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000200" "gyrus" "A ridge on the cerebral cortex. It is generally surrounded by one or more sulci ." "0000200" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000201" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000201" "endothelial blood brain barrier" "A blood brain barrier that is composed of endothelial cells." "0000201" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000202" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000202" "glial blood brain barrier" "A blood brain barrier composed of glial cells." "0000202" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000203" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000203" "pallium" "Dorsal part (roof region) of the telencephalon[GO]." "0000203" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000204" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000204" "ventral part of telencephalon" "Dorsal part (base region) of the telencephalon." "0000204" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000205" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000205" "papula" "A thin protuberance on the surface of the body of an echinoderm containing diverticula of the water vascular system lined by ciliated peritoneum. Along with tube feet, provide the principle gas exchange surfaces.." "0000205" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000206" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000206" "pharyngeal gill" "A gill that develops in the walls of the pharynx along a series of gill slits opening to the exterior. In fish, the gills are located on both sides of the pharynx." "0000206" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000207" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000207" "compound eye corneal lens" "A chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells." "0000207" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000208" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000208" "obsolete cellular lens" "0000208" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000209" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000209" "tetrapod frontal bone" "the bone forming the forehead and roof of the eye orbit" "0000209" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000210" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000210" "tetrapod parietal bone" "In humans: bone forming side and roof of cranium. Each bone is irregularly quadrilateral in form, and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles." "0000210" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000211" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000211" "ligament" "Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ." "0000211" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000212" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000212" "toilet claw" "A specialized claw or nail on the foot of certain primates, used for personal grooming." "0000212" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000218" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000218" "vertebral arch of axis" "A neural arch that is part of a vertebral bone 2." "0000218" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000219" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000219" "vertebral foramen of atlas" "." "0000219" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000220" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000220" "atlanto-occipital joint" "The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Lateral atlantoöccipital" "0000220" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000221" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000221" "supraauricular point" "A craniometric point on the posterior root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone directly above the auricular point." "0000221" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000301" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000301" "amniotic cavity" "A closed space between the embryo and the amnion which contains the amniotic fluid and is formed by the fusion of the parts of the anterior and posterior amniotic folds." "0000301" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000303" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000303" "adductor longus" "An adductor muscle that attaches to the hip and femur. In humans, it is a part of the adductor group of the thigh, that as the name suggests adducts the thigh. The adductor longus muscle forms the medial wall of the femoral triangle[WP, generalized]." "0000303" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000304" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000304" "tendon sheath" "A layer of membrane around a tendon. It has 2 layers: synovial sheath + fibrous tendon sheath" "0000304" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000305" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000305" "amnion" "the thin innermost layer of the extraembryonic membranes that contains the amniotic fluid; the membrane forms a closed sac in which the embryo and later, the fetus, is suspended and protected" "0000305" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000307" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000307" "blastula" "Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence." "0000307" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000309" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000309" "body wall" "The external portion of an animal body derived from ectoderm and mesoderm layers that encloses the body cavity." "0000309" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000310" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000310" "breast" "The upper ventral region of an animal's torso." "0000310" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000311" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000311" "extensor muscle" "a skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part." "0000311" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000312" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000312" "inner cambium layer of periosteum" "0000312" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000313" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000313" "portion of cartilage tissue in tibia" "Cartilage pertaining to the tibia." "0000313" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000314" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000314" "cecum mucosa" "A mucosa that is part of a cecum [Automatically generated definition]." "0000314" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000315" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000315" "subarachnoid space" "The space between the arachnoid and pia mater." "0000315" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000316" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000316" "cervical mucus" "A substance produced by the cervix and endocervical glands[BTO]. Thick acidic mucus that blocks the cervical os after mestruation[WP]. This 'infertile' mucus blocks spermatozoa from entering the uterus." "0000316" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000317" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000317" "colonic mucosa" "Mucosa that is part of a colon. The mucosa of the colon is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with a thin brush border and numerous goblet cells." "0000317" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000319" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000319" "cytotrophoblast" "The inner layer of the trophoblast, interior to the syncytiotrophoblast in an embryo. It serves to anchor the embryonic chorion to the maternal endometrium. Cytotrophoblasts are stem cells in the chorionic villi. During differentiation, mononuclear cytotrophoblast fuse together into the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts. The primary villi has only the cytotrophoblast as an axe. [WP,unvetted]." "0000319" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000320" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000320" "duodenal mucosa" "A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]." "0000320" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000323" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000323" "late embryo" "An embryo that is at the late embryonic stage; this stage covers late steps of the embryogenesis with a fully formed embryo still developing before birth or egg hatching." "0000323" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000325" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000325" "gastric gland" "The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin." "0000325" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000326" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000326" "pancreatic juice" "Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach." "0000326" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000328" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000328" "gut wall" "The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity)." "0000328" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000329" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000329" "hair root" "The enlarged basal part of a hair within the skin[BTO]. The root of the hair ends in an enlargement, the hair bulb, which is whiter in color and softer in texture than the shaft, and is lodged in a follicular involution of the epidermis called the hair follicle. [Wikipedia]." "0000329" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000331" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000331" "ileal mucosa" "A mucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]." "0000331" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000332" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000332" "yellow bone marrow" "bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network." "0000332" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000333" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000333" "intestinal gland" "A gland that is part of the intestinal mucosa. Examples include the intestinal crypts, duodenal gland[cjm]." "0000333" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000341" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341" "throat" "In anatomy, the throat is the anterior part of the neck, in front of the vertebral column. It consists of the pharynx and larynx. An important feature of the throat is the epiglottis, a flap which separates the esophagus from the trachea and prevents inhalation of food or drink. The throat contains various blood vessels, various pharyngeal muscles, the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus. The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals. It is sometimes considered a synonym for fauces. [WP,unvetted]." "0000341" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000344" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000344" "mucosa" "A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]" "0000344" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000345" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000345" "myelin" "A dielectric (electrically insulating) material consisting of protein and fat that forms a layer, the myelin sheath, usually around only the axon of a neuron. Myelin is about 40 % water; the dry mass of myelin is about 70 - 85 % lipids and about 15 - 30 % proteins. Some of the proteins that make up myelin are myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and proteolipid protein (PLP). The primary lipid of myelin is a glycolipid called galactocerebroside (GalC). The intertwining hydrocarbon chains of sphingomyelin serve to strengthen the myelin sheath." "0000345" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000346" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000346" "obsolete myelin membrane" "0000346" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000347" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000347" "entire myelin sheath" "The insulating envelope that surrounds nerve fibers or axons." "0000347" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000348" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000348" "ophthalmic nerve" "The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the orbit and its contents, the nasal cavity and the skin of the nose and forehead." "0000348" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000349" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000349" "limbic system" "A set of midline structures surrounding the brainstem of the mammalian brain, originally described anatomically, e.g., hippocampal formation, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex. Although the original designation was anatomical, the limbic system has come to be associated with the system in the brain subserving emotional functions. As such, it is very poorly defined and doesn't correspond closely to the anatomical meaning any longer. [BirnLex]." "0000349" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000351" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000351" "nuchal ligament" "A fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the upper vertebrae." "0000351" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000353" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000353" "parenchyma" "functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues." "0000353" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000355" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000355" "pharyngeal mucosa" "A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0000355" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000358" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000358" "blastocyst" "The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]." "0000358" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000359" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000359" "preputial gland" "A aired, lobulated, modified sebaceous glands located in the inguinal region adjacent to the penis and vagina, with pheromonal functions in male rodents; in males, the preputial gland empties into the preputial cavity and in females, the preputial (aka clitoral) gland duct empties into the clitoral fossa." "0000359" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000360" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000360" "obsolete rectal gland" "0000360" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000361" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000361" "red bone marrow" "The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream." "0000361" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000362" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000362" "renal medulla" "the inner portion of the kidney consisting of the renal pyramids" "0000362" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000363" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000363" "reticuloendothelial system" "A part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue. The cells are primarily monocytes and macrophages, and they accumulate in lymph nodes and the spleen. The Kupffer cells of the liver and tissue histiocytes are also part of the RES[WP]." "0000363" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000364" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000364" "obsolete rootlet" "0000364" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000365" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000365" "urothelium" "An epithelial tissue layer that lines much of the urinary tract, including the renal pelvis, the ureters, the bladder, and parts of the urethra." "0000365" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000366" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000366" "flexor muscle" "a skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint." "0000366" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000368" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000368" "adductor brevis" "The adductor brevis is a muscle in the thigh situated immediately behind the pectineus and adductor longus. It is somewhat triangular in form, and arises by a narrow origin from the outer surfaces of the superior and inferior rami of the pubis, between the gracilis and obturator externus. Its fibers, passing backward, lateralward, and downward, are inserted, by an aponeurosis, into the line leading from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera and into the upper part of the linea aspera, immediately behind the pectineus and upper part of the adductor longus.[WP]." "0000368" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000369" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000369" "corpus striatum" "The corpus striatum (striated body) is a compound structure consisting of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus, which consists of the putamen and the globus pallidus[WP]." "0000369" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000370" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000370" "adductor magnus" "An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, the adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle, situated on the medial side of the thigh. The portion which arises from the ischiopubic ramus (a small part of the inferior ramus of the pubis, and the inferior ramus of the ischium) is called the 'adductor magnesius portion', and the portion arising from the tuberosity of the ischium is called the 'hamstring portion'. The hamstring portion is not considered part of the hamstring group of muscles, but it is adjacent to it.[WP,generalized]." "0000370" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000371" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000371" "syncytiotrophoblast" "extraembryonic cells of trophoblastic shell surrounding embryo, outside the cytotrophoblast layer, involved with implantation of the blastocyst by eroding extracellular matrix surrounding maternal endometrial cells at site of implantation, also contribute to villi. (dark staining, multinucleated)." "0000371" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000372" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000372" "extensor digitorum brevis pes" "A muscle on the upper surface of the foot that helps extend digits 2 through 4." "0000372" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000373" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000373" "tapetum of corpus callosum" "On either side of the corpus collosum, the fibers radiate in the white substance and pass to the various parts of the cerebral cortex; those curving forward from the genu into the frontal lobe constitute the forceps anterior, and those curving backward into the occipital lobe, the forceps posterior. Between these two parts is the main body of the fibers which constitute the tapetum and extend laterally on either side into the temporal lobe, and cover in the central part of the lateral ventricle. [Wikipedia via Greys]" "0000373" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000375" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000375" "mandibular nerve" "The motor and sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the auricle, the external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, temporal region, the cheek, the skin overlying the mandible, the anterior portion of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, lower teeth and gingiva and transmits motor information from the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle and the muscles tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini." "0000375" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000376" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000376" "hindlimb stylopod" "The part of the hindlimb between pelvis and the knee, corresponding to the femur." "0000376" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000377" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000377" "maxillary nerve" "The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses." "0000377" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000378" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000378" "tongue muscle" "The muscular portion of the tongue." "0000378" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000379" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000379" "tracheal mucosa" "A mucosa that is part of a respiratory airway." "0000379" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000380" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000380" "obsolete tuber" "0000380" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000381" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000381" "urinary bladder detrusor smooth muscle" "bundles of smooth muscle fibers forming the muscular wall of the urinary bladder, which are arranged in a longitudinal and a circular layer and, on contraction, serve to expel urine[MP]." "0000381" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000382" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000382" "apocrine sweat gland" "Apocrine sweat glands are sweat glands composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. The ducts of apocrine glands open into the canals of hair follicles. The stimulus for the secretion of apocrine sweat glands is adrenaline, which is a hormone carried in the blood[WP]." "0000382" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000383" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000383" "musculature of body" "The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]." "0000383" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000385" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000385" "obsolete labial gland" "0000385" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000387" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000387" "meniscus" "crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure present in the knee, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints[2] that, in contrast to articular disks, only partly divides a joint cavity.[3] A small meniscus also occurs in the radio-carpal joint." "0000387" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000388" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000388" "epiglottis" "A part of the pharynx that consists of a flap of elastic cartilage tissue plus a mucous membrane covering, attached to the entrance of the larynx. The epiglottis is found at the root of the tongue and folds back over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing, preventing inhalation of food or drink[MP,modified]" "0000388" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000389" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000389" "lens cortex" "Tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus" "0000389" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000390" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000390" "lens nucleus" "The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex." "0000390" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000391" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000391" "leptomeninx" "pia mater or arachnoid mater." "0000391" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000392" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000392" "longissimus muscle" "The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." "0000392" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000395" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000395" "cochlear ganglion" "The group of nerve cell bodies that conveys auditory sensation from the organ of Corti to the hindbrain and resides on the cochlear part of the vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve)[MP]. distributed to the hair cells of the spiral organ. The cochlear fibers arise in bipolar cells in the spiral ganglion in the modiolus." "0000395" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000396" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000396" "vallate papilla" "Any of the large papillae, which have multiple taste buds in the trough surrounding the papillae, located near the base and on the dorsal side of the tongue" "0000396" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000397" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000397" "colonic epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]." "0000397" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000398" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000398" "cartilage tissue of sternum" "Any portion of cartilage tissue that is part of the sternum" "0000398" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000399" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000399" "jejunal mucosa" "A mucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]." "0000399" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000400" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000400" "jejunal epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a jejunum." "0000400" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000401" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000401" "mandibular ramus" "the upturned perpendicular extremity of the mandible" "0000401" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000402" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000402" "nasal vestibule" "The nasal vestibule is the most anterior part of the nasal cavity. It's enclosed by the cartilages of nose and lined by the same epithelium of the skin. The other part of the nasal cavity, which is lined by the respiratory epithelium, is called nasal cavity proper. [WP,unvetted]." "0000402" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000403" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000403" "scalp" "The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendonous galea aponeurotica; Loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL)." "0000403" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000407" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000407" "sympathetic trunk" "One of a a paired bundle of nerve fibers plus ganglia that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx." "0000407" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000408" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000408" "vertebral ganglion" "Any of a group of sympathetic ganglia which form two chains extending from the base of the skull to the coccyx along the sides of the spinal column." "0000408" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000409" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000409" "serous gland" "A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells." "0000409" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000410" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000410" "bronchial mucosa" "A mucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0000410" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000411" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000411" "visual cortex" "the part of the cerebral cortex responsible for processing visual information." "0000411" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000412" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000412" "dermal papilla" "A mesodermal signaling center of the hair follicle consisting of closely packed specialized mesenchymal fibroblasts. Framed by the enlarged bulb matrix in anagen." "0000412" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000414" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000414" "mucous gland" "A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells." "0000414" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000415" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000415" "artery wall" "An anatomical wall that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]." "0000415" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000416" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000416" "subdural space" "A narrow fluid-containing space, often only a potential space, between the dura mater and the arachnoid." "0000416" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000418" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000418" "obsolete tubercle" "0000418" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000420" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000420" "myoepithelium" "An epithelium consisting of myopethelial cells, which are contractile cells resembling smooth muscle cells that are present in glands, notably the mammary gland, and aid in secretion. This cell has long weaving dendritic processes containing myofilament[CL]." "0000420" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000423" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000423" "eccrine sweat gland" "A merocrine, unbranched, unbranched, coiled, tubular gland sweat gland. In humans, distributed over almost all of the body surface, and promote cooling by evaporation of their secretion." "0000423" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000424" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000424" "gastric pit" "Gastric pits are indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the gastric glands. They are deeper in the pylorus than they are in the other parts of the stomach. The human stomach has several million of these pits." "0000424" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000426" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000426" "extravillous trophoblast" "The outermost layer of trophoblast, produced by cytotrophoblast where there is direct contact with maternal decidua rather than blood. The EVT cells travel into the decidua, reacting with NK cells and invading maternal blood vessels feeding the placenta, softening the walls and replacing the lining with fetal tissue, a process called conversion." "0000426" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000427" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000427" "obsolete cytotrophoblastic cell" "0000427" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000428" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000428" "prostate epithelium" "The prostate epithelium." "0000428" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000429" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000429" "enteric plexus" "A plexus of autonomic nerve fibers within the wall of the digestive tube, and made up of the submucosal, myenteric, and subserosal plexuses; it contains visceral afferent fibers, sympathetic postganglionic fibers, parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic fibers, and parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies." "0000429" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000430" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000430" "ventral intermediate nucleus of thalamus" "A nucleus medially located within the ventral nuclei of the thalamus." "0000430" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000431" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000431" "ventral medial complex of thalamus" "A group of nuclei located in the medial portion of the ventral thalamic nuclei." "0000431" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000432" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000432" "endopeduncular nucleus" "A portion of the nucleus of ansa lenticularis located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule, along the course of the ansa lenticularis and the inferior thalamic peduncle or as a separate nucleus within the internal capsule adjacent to the medial GLOBUS PALLIDUS (NeuroNames, http://rprcsgi.rprc. washington.edu/neuronames/ (September 28, 1998)). In non-primates, the entopeduncular nucleus is analogous to both the medial globus pallidus and the entopeduncular nucleus of human." "0000432" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000433" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000433" "posterior paraventricular nucleus of thalamus" "The posterior of the two nuclei paraventriculares thalami." "0000433" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000434" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000434" "anterior paraventricular nucleus of thalamus" "The anterior of the two nuclei paraventriculares thalami." "0000434" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000435" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000435" "lateral tuberal nucleus" "Nerve cell nuclei situated ventrally in the intermediate hypothalamic region, mainly in the lateral hypothalamic area." "0000435" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000437" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000437" "arachnoid barrier layer" "The arachnoid barrier layer is a part of the arachnoid meningeal layer. It is formed by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of cerebral capillaries in the arachnoid mater." "0000437" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000438" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000438" "obsolete set of arachnoid trabecula" "0000438" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000439" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000439" "arachnoid trabecula" "The arachnoid trabeculae are delicate strands of connective tissue that loosely connect the two innermost layers of the meninges -- the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. They are found within the subarachnoid space where cerebrospinal fluid is also found. Embryologically, the trabeculae are the remnants of the common precursor that forms both the arachnoid and pial layers of the meninges." "0000439" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000440" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000440" "trabecula" "A small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue. On histological section, a trabecula can look like a septum, but in three dimensions they are topologically distinct, with trabeculae being roughly rod or pillar-shaped and septa being sheet-like. Trabeculae are usually composed of dense fibrous tissue, i.e. mainly of collagen, and in most cases provide mechanical strengthening or stiffening to a soft solid organ, such as the spleen. They can be composed of other materials, such as bone or muscle[WP]." "0000440" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000442" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000442" "right testicular vein" "A vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus and empties into the left renal vein." "0000442" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000443" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000443" "left testicular vein" "A vein that drains the right pampiniform plexus and empties into the inferior vena cava." "0000443" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000444" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000444" "lymphoid follicle" "." "0000444" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000445" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000445" "habenular trigone" "The habenular trigone is a small depressed triangular area situated in front of the superior colliculus and on the lateral aspect of the posterior part of the taenia thalami. It contains a group of nerve cells termed the ganglion habenulC&. Fibers enter it from the stalk of the pineal body, and others, forming what is termed the habenular commissure, pass across the middle line to the corresponding ganglion of the opposite side. Most of its fibers are, however, directed downward and form a bundle, the fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert, which passes medial to the red nucleus, and, after decussating with the corresponding fasciculus of the opposite side, ends in the interpeduncular ganglion." "0000445" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000446" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000446" "septum of telencephalon" "Gray matter structure located on the midline of the forebrain consisting of the septum pellucidum (in some species) and the septal nuclei (Heimer, 1996)." "0000446" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000449" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000449" "obsolete decidual cell" "0000449" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000450" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000450" "corpus albicans" "White fibrous tissue that replaces the regressing corpus luteum in the human ovary in the latter half of pregnancy, or soon after ovulation when pregnancy does not supervene." "0000450" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000451" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000451" "prefrontal cortex" "The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.nnThis brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals.nnThe most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes).nnMany authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. - definition adapted from Wikipedia" "0000451" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000453" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000453" "decidua basalis" "Area of uterine endometrium found between the implanted chorionic vesicle and the myometrium." "0000453" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000454" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000454" "cerebral subcortex" "The layer located below the cerebral cortex that includes the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain." "0000454" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000456" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000456" "secretion of exocrine gland" "A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands." "0000456" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000457" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000457" "cavernous artery" "Any of several small branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the trigeminal ganglion and the walls of the cavernous and petrosal sinuses." "0000457" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000458" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000458" "endocervix" "The region of the opening of the uterine cervix into the uterine cavity." "0000458" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000459" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000459" "uterine wall" "An anatomical wall that is part of a uterus [Automatically generated definition]." "0000459" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000460" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000460" "major vestibular gland" "the paired glands located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina in the superficial perineal pouch in females; they secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina and are homologous to bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands in males" "0000460" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000461" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000461" "minor vestibular gland" "Small mucous glands opening upon the vestibular mucous membrane between the urethral and the vaginal orifice." "0000461" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000462" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000462" "obsolete villus" "0000462" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000463" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000463" "organism substance" "Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body." "0000463" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000464" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000464" "anatomical space" "Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures." "0000464" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000465" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000465" "material anatomical entity" "Anatomical entity that has mass." "0000465" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000466" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000466" "immaterial anatomical entity" "Anatomical entity that has no mass." "0000466" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000467" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000467" "anatomical system" "Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function." "0000467" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000468" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468" "multicellular organism" "Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell." "0000468" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000470" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000470" "obsolete cell part" "Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell." "0000470" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000471" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000471" "compound organ component" "Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ." "0000471" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000472" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000472" "simple organ" "Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ." "0000472" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000473" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473" "testis" "A gonad of a male animal. A gonad produces and releases sperm." "0000473" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000474" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000474" "female reproductive system" "The organs and associated structures associated with bearing offspring in a female animal." "0000474" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000475" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000475" "organism subdivision" "Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument." "0000475" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000476" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000476" "acellular anatomical structure" "Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue." "0000476" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000477" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000477" "anatomical cluster" "Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another." "0000477" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000478" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000478" "extraembryonic structure" "A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis." "0000478" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000479" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479" "tissue" "Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation." "0000479" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000480" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000480" "anatomical group" "Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue." "0000480" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000481" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000481" "multi-tissue structure" "Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types." "0000481" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000482" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000482" "basal lamina of epithelium" "Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue." "0000482" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000483" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000483" "epithelium" "Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]." "0000483" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000484" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000484" "simple cuboidal epithelium" "Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells." "0000484" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000485" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000485" "simple columnar epithelium" "Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]" "0000485" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000486" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000486" "multilaminar epithelium" "Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]" "0000486" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000487" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000487" "simple squamous epithelium" "Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA]" "0000487" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000488" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000488" "atypical epithelium" "Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers." "0000488" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000489" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000489" "cavitated compound organ" "Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces." "0000489" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000490" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000490" "unilaminar epithelium" "Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]" "0000490" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000491" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000491" "solid compound organ" "Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces." "0000491" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000569" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000569" "ileocecal valve" "The ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine. Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum." "0000569" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000642" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000642" "suspensory ligament of duodenum" "A thin muscle connecting the junction between the duodenum, jejunum, and duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac artery" "0000642" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000711" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000711" "splenius capitis" "A muscle that arises from the lower half of the ligamentum nuchæ, from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebræ and inserts the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and into the rough surface on the occipital bone just below the lateral third of the superior nuchal line[WP,modified]." "0000711" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000908" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000908" "hippocampal commissure" "the triangular subcallosal plate of commissural fibers resulting from the converging of the right and left fornix bundles which exchange numerous fibers and which curve back in the contralateral fornix to end in the hippocampus of the opposite side" "0000908" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000910" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000910" "chyme" "A semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum." "0000910" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000911" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000911" "chyle" "Chyle is a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats." "0000911" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000912" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000912" "mucus" "Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water." "0000912" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000913" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000913" "interstitial fluid" "Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid." "0000913" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000914" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000914" "organismal segment" "One of the repeated divisions of the whole organism." "0000914" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000915" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000915" "thoracic segment of trunk" "Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen." "0000915" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000916" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000916" "abdomen" "The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column." "0000916" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000917" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000917" "obsolete abdominal segment" "0000917" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000918" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000918" "obsolete yolk" "The nutritive substance contained in the egg." "0000918" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000919" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000919" "obsolete lipid droplet" "0000919" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000920" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000920" "egg chorion" "A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish [GO]." "0000920" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000921" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000921" "obsolete pronucleus" "." "0000921" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000922" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000922" "embryo" "Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant." "0000922" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000923" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000923" "germ layer" "A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm." "0000923" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000924" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000924" "ectoderm" "Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue." "0000924" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000925" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000925" "endoderm" "Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut." "0000925" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000926" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000926" "mesoderm" "The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm." "0000926" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000927" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000927" "mesectoderm" "A double row of cells which are located at the midline from the end of gastrulations. The morphology of these cells is distinct from adjacent ectodermal cells - they are elongated such that one end remains exposed to the outside of the embryo at the mideline while the other end bissects the internalised mesoderm." "0000927" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000928" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000928" "obsolete embryonic segment" "0000928" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000929" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000929" "pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve" "Motor nerve of the pharynx, arises from the upper part of the ganglion nodosum, and consists principally of filaments from the cranial portion of the accessory nerve." "0000929" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000930" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000930" "stomodeum" "Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity." "0000930" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000931" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000931" "proctodeum" "Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into an ectodermal terminal part of the digestive tract." "0000931" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000932" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000932" "obsolete ventral longitudinal muscle" "0000932" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000933" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000933" "pharyngeal muscle" "A muscle that acts on the pharynx[WP, vetted]." "0000933" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000934" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000934" "ventral nerve cord" "The pair of closely united ventral longitudinal nerves with their segmental ganglia that is characteristic of many elongate invertebrates (as earthworms)[BTO]. A large process bundle that runs along the vental mid-line extending from the ventral region of the nerve ring[WB]. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms[GO]." "0000934" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000935" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000935" "anterior commissure" "A bundle of myelinated nerve fibers passing transversely through the lamina terminalis and connecting symmetrical parts of the two cerebral hemispheres; it consists of a smaller anterior part (pars anterior commissurae anterioris) and a larger posterior part (pars posterior commissurae anterioris)." "0000935" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000936" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000936" "posterior commissure" "Rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct. It is important in the bilateral pupillary light reflex. Its fibers acquire their medullary sheaths early, but their connections have not been definitely determined. Most of them have their origin in a nucleus, the nucleus of the posterior commissure (nucleus of Darkschewitsch), which lies in the central gray substance of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct, in front of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve. Some are probably derived from the posterior part of the thalamus and from the superior colliculus, whereas others are believed to be continued downward into the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The posterior commissure interconnects the pretectal nuclei, mediating the consensual pupillary light reflex[WP]. Diencephalic tract which is located in the vicinity of the dorsal diencephalon and mesencephalon and connects the pretectal nuclei. From Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain[ZFA]." "0000936" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000937" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000937" "obsolete proneural cluster" "0000937" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000939" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000939" "imaginal disc" "one of the parts of a holometabolous insect larva that will become a portion of the outside of the adult insect during the pupal transformation." "0000939" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000941" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000941" "cranial nerve II" "Cranial nerve fiber tract which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons running posterior medially towards the optic chiasm, at which some of the axons cross the midline and after which the structure is termed the optic tract. Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain[ZFA]." "0000941" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000942" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000942" "frontal nerve (branch of ophthalmic)" "The frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic, and may be regarded, both from its size and direction, as the continuation of the nerve. It enters the orbit through the supraorbital foramen, and runs forward between the Levator palpebræ superioris and the periosteum. Midway between the apex and base of the orbit it divides into two branches, supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve. [WP,unvetted]." "0000942" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000943" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000943" "obsolete labial sensillum" "0000943" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000944" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000944" "obsolete dorsal branch" "0000944" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000945" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000945" "stomach" "An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium." "0000945" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000946" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000946" "cardial valve" "A membranous fold of the heart that prevents reflux of fluid" "0000946" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000947" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000947" "aorta" "The main trunk of the systemic arterial system that carries blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation" "0000947" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000948" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948" "heart" "A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ." "0000948" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000949" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000949" "endocrine system" "Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity." "0000949" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000950" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000950" "gracilis" "The most superficial muscle on the medial side of the thigh. It is thin and flattened, broad above, narrow and tapering below. It arises by a thin aponeurosis from the anterior margins of the lower half of the symphysis pubis and the upper half of the pubic arch." "0000950" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000951" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000951" "rotator muscle of the vertebral column" "Any of a number of short transversospinal muscles chiefly developed in cervical, lumbar, and thoracic regions, arising from the transverse process of one vertebra and inserted into the root of the spinous process of the next two or three vertebrae above, with nerve supply from the dorsal branches of the spinal nerve, and whose actions rotate the vertebral column." "0000951" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000952" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000952" "obsolete adductor muscle" "0000952" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000953" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000953" "obsolete visceral muscle" "involuntary non-striated muscle." "0000953" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000954" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000954" "obsolete intestine muscle" "intestinal muscle cell, attach to intestine and body wall anterior to anus" "0000954" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000955" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955" "brain" "The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]." "0000955" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000956" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000956" "cerebral cortex" "The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon. It consists of the neocortex (6 layered cortex or isocortex), the hippocampal formation and the olfactory cortex." "0000956" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000957" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000957" "lamina" "Any thin layer or plate." "0000957" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000958" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000958" "medulla of organ" "Middle part of an organ, surrounded by the cortex." "0000958" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000959" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000959" "optic chiasma" "A decussation of the diencephalon where the fibers of the optic nerve cross" "0000959" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000960" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000960" "obsolete pharyngeal nerve" "OBSOLETE. Original definition: The pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve) is a small branch arising from the posterior part of the pterygopalatine ganglion. It passes through the pharyngeal canal with the pharyngeal branch of the maxillary artery, and is distributed to the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, behind the auditory tube. [WP,unvetted]." "0000960" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000961" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000961" "thoracic ganglion" "The thoracic ganglia are paravertebral ganglia. The thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk typically has 12 thoracic ganglia. Emerging from the ganglia are thoracic splancic nerves (the cardiopulmonary, the greater, lesser, and least splanchic nerves) that help provide sympathetic innervation to abdominal structures. Also, the ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic trunk have both white and gray rami communicantes. The white rami carry sympathetic fibers arising in the spinal cord into the sympathetic trunk. [WP,unvetted]." "0000961" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000962" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000962" "nerve of cervical vertebra" "The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted]." "0000962" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000963" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000963" "head sensillum" "0000963" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000964" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000964" "cornea" "the transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure" "0000964" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000965" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000965" "lens of camera-type eye" "Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina." "0000965" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000966" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000966" "retina" "The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates." "0000966" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000967" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000967" "obsolete adult thoracic sensillum" "0000967" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000968" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000968" "obsolete adult abdominal sensillum" "0000968" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000969" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000969" "obsolete joint connecting hardened body parts" "0000969" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000970" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000970" "eye" "An organ that detects light." "0000970" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000971" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000971" "ommatidium" "The smallest morphological and functional unit of the compound eye that consists of a usually limited and often constant number of rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells, cornea-secreting epithelial cells, and interommatidial pigment cells, and may additionally contain crystalline cone cells." "0000971" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000972" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000972" "antenna" "The paired, usually multiple jointed, sensory organs articulating on the procephalic region of the head capsule; its highly versatile sensory structures are capable to detect the various environmental stimuli. In the context of Drosophila refers to they are the most anterior segmented sensory appendage of the head." "0000972" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000973" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000973" "obsolete labrum" "0000973" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000974" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000974" "neck" "An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column." "0000974" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000975" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000975" "sternum" "A midventral endochondral skeletal element which represents the origin site of the pectoral muscles[PHENOSCAPE:ad]." "0000975" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000976" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000976" "humerus" "Paired endochondral long bone that extends between the pectoral girdle and the skeletal parts of the forelimb. [PHENOSCAPE:mah]" "0000976" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000977" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000977" "pleura" "The invaginated serous membrane that surrounds the lungs (the visceral portion) and lines the walls of the pleural cavity (parietal portion)." "0000977" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000978" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000978" "leg" "The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod." "0000978" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000979" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000979" "tibia" "The major preaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]." "0000979" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000980" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000980" "trochanter" "A bony prominence near the extremity of the femur that normally serves as attachment points for hip and thigh muscles[MP,modified]" "0000980" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000981" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000981" "femur" "Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium skeleton.[VSAO, modified]." "0000981" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000982" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000982" "skeletal joint" "Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]." "0000982" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000983" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000983" "metatarsus region" "A metapodium region that is part of a pes." "0000983" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000984" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000984" "imaginal disc-derived wing" "A flight organ of the adult external thorax that is derived from a dorsal mesothoracic disc." "0000984" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000985" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000985" "axillary vein" "Vein that drains the axilla" "0000985" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000987" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000987" "haltere" "The capitate stalk on both sides of the thorax having developed from the dorsal metathoracic wing-buds, it is freely movable and capable of vibration, representing the hind wing of Diptera; used for flight balance." "0000987" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000988" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000988" "pons" "The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum." "0000988" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000989" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000989" "penis" "A intromittent organ in certain biologically male organisms. In placental mammals, this also serves as the organ of urination" "0000989" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000990" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000990" "reproductive system" "Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction." "0000990" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000991" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000991" "gonad" "Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis)." "0000991" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000992" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000992" "ovary" "the gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells" "0000992" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000993" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000993" "oviduct" "A tube or collection of tubes in an animal from the ovaries to the outside of the body." "0000993" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000994" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000994" "spermathecum" "An organ of the female reproductive tract that functions to receive and store sperm from the male, and can sometimes be the site of fertilization when the oocytes are ready." "0000994" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000995" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000995" "uterus" "the female muscular organ of gestation in which the developing embryo or fetus is nourished until birth" "0000995" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000996" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000996" "vagina" "A fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles[WP]." "0000996" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000997" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000997" "mammalian vulva" "external genital organs of the female mammal[WP]." "0000997" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000998" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000998" "seminal vesicle" "Either of a pair of glandular pouches that lie one on either side of the male reproductive tract posterolateral to the urinary bladder and in the human male secrete a sugar- and protein-containing fluid into the ejaculatory duct." "0000998" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0000999" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000999" "ejaculatory duct" "The Ejaculatory ducts (ductus ejaculatorii) are paired structures in male anatomy, about 2 cm in length. Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle. They pass through the prostate, and empty into the urethra at the Colliculus seminalis. During ejaculation, semen passes through the ducts and exits the body via the penis[WP,unvetted]." "0000999" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001000" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001000" "vas deferens" "A secretory duct that transports sperm from the testis. In mammals this is a continuation of the epididymis and ends in the prostatic urethra where it terminates to form ejaculatory duct" "0001000" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001001" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001001" "chitin-based cuticle" "A cuticular covering that is composed primarily of chitin. The main structural component of arthropod cuticle is a polysaccharide, chitin, composed of N-acetylglucosamine units, together with proteins and lipids[WP]." "0001001" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001002" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001002" "cuticle" "tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection. Cuticles are non-homologous, differing in their origin, structure and chemical composition[WP]." "0001002" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001003" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001003" "skin epidermis" "The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis." "0001003" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001004" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001004" "respiratory system" "Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration." "0001004" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001005" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001005" "respiratory airway" "An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms." "0001005" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001006" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001006" "obsolete spiracle" "OBSOLETE: The mostly slit-like opening on the body surface through which air is taken into the respiratory system." "0001006" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001007" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001007" "digestive system" "Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes." "0001007" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001008" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001008" "renal system" "The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products.." "0001008" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001009" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001009" "circulatory system" "organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]." "0001009" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001010" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001010" "diaphysis of ulna" "The body of the ulna at its upper part is prismatic in form, and curved so as to be convex behind and lateralward; its central part is straight; its lower part is rounded, smooth, and bent a little lateralward. It tapers gradually from above downward, and has three borders and three surfaces." "0001010" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001011" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001011" "hemolymph" "Blood analogue used by all arthropods and most mollusks that have an open circulatory system. In these animals there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid. The liquid fills all of the interior (the hemocoel) of the body and surrounds all cells." "0001011" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001012" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001012" "head of radius" "The head of the radius has a cylindrical form, and on its upper surface is a shallow cup or fovea for articulation with the capitulum (or capitellum) of the humerus. The circumference of the head is smooth; it is broad medially where it articulates with the radial notch of the ulna, narrow in the rest of its extent, which is embraced by the annular ligament. The deepest point in the fovea is not axi-symmetric with the long axis of the radius, creating a cam effect during pronation and supination[WP]." "0001012" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001013" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001013" "adipose tissue" "Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue" "0001013" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001014" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001014" "obsolete fat body" "0001014" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001015" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001015" "musculature" "A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism." "0001015" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001016" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001016" "nervous system" "The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]." "0001016" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001017" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017" "central nervous system" "The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord." "0001017" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001018" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001018" "axon tract" "A group of axons linking two or more neuropils and having a common origin, termination[FBbt]." "0001018" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001019" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001019" "nerve fasciculus" "A slender neuron projection bundle[FBbt]; A bundle of anatomical fibers, as of muscle or nerve (American Heritage Dictionary 4th ed)." "0001019" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001020" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001020" "nervous system commissure" "Axon tract that crosses the midline of the central nervous system[NIF, modified]. In the context of Drosophila refers to a broad band of axons connecting equivalent neuropils each side of the brain[FBbt]." "0001020" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001021" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001021" "nerve" "An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures." "0001021" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001022" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001022" "obsolete cell body" "0001022" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001023" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001023" "obsolete dendrite" "The region of a neuron receiving inputs from other neurons, typically a slender neurite, often branched. In insect neurons, this is often not a clear designation and often presynaptic sites co-extend with postsynaptic ones." "0001023" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001024" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001024" "obsolete neurite" "One of the processes or extensions of a neuron, axon or dendrite or cell body fiber. // Cell appendage of the neuron which includes the axon and the dendrite." "0001024" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001025" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001025" "obsolete synapse" "The structural contact that is the site of transmission between neurons, identified by a presynaptic ribbon and synaptic vesicles as the input element and one or (usually) more postsynaptic elements with various specializations (membrane densities, cisternae, etc.)." "0001025" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001026" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001026" "obsolete motor nerve" "A motor nerve is an efferent nerve that exclusively contains the axons of somatic and branchial motoneurons, which innervate skeletal muscles (that ensure locomotion) and branchial muscles (that motorize the face and neck)[WP]." "0001026" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001027" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001027" "sensory nerve" "A nerve that transmits from sensory receptors on the surface of the body to the central nervous system." "0001027" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001028" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001028" "diaphysis of radius" "A diaphysis that is part of a radius bone[Automatically generated definition]." "0001028" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001029" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001029" "obsolete neuromuscular junction" "0001029" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001030" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001030" "obsolete synaptic ribbon" "0001030" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001031" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001031" "sheath of Schwann" "The outermost nucleated cytoplasmic layer of Schwann cells that surrounds the axon of the neuron. It forms the outermost layer of the nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system. The neurolemma is underlain by the basal lamina (referred to as the medullary sheath in the included illustrations. In CNS, axons are myelinated by oligodendrocytes, thus lack neurolemma." "0001031" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001032" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001032" "sensory system" "Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information." "0001032" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001033" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001033" "gustatory system" "The sensory system for the sense of taste." "0001033" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001034" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001034" "obsolete photoreceptor" "Can refer to a light sensitive organ, a photoreceptor cell or a photoreceptor protein. This class was made obsolete because it was ambiguous" "0001034" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001035" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001035" "dento-alveolar joint" "A joint that binds the teeth to the alveolar ridge." "0001035" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001037" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001037" "strand of hair" "A filament, mostly protein, that grows from follicles found in the dermis[WP]." "0001037" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001038" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001038" "chordotonal organ" "Chordotonal organs are arthropod sensory structures consisting of special sensilla called the scolopidia, which are mechano-transducers and respond mainly to stretch or flexion. In insects, they consist of bundles of internal sensilla, each of which has a cap cell, an enveloping cell and one or more sense cells. The distal end of the organ is usually attached to the cuticle of the body wall, marked by a pit, a thickened disc or a nodule of chitin, and the base of the organ is connected with the hypodermis, often by a special ligament." "0001038" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001040" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001040" "yolk sac" "A sac-like expansion of the ventral wall of the intestine, narrowed into a yolk stalk near the body[Hyman's]. Membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes[WP]." "0001040" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001041" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001041" "foregut" "Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract." "0001041" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001042" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001042" "chordate pharynx" "A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]." "0001042" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001043" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001043" "esophagus" "Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993)." "0001043" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001044" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001044" "saliva-secreting gland" "saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO]" "0001044" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001045" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001045" "midgut" "Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]." "0001045" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001046" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001046" "hindgut" "The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract." "0001046" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001047" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001047" "neural glomerulus" "Large synaptic bouton found in areas like olfactory bulb, cerebellar cortex and thalamus, that contacts many post-synaptic targets[NIF]." "0001047" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001048" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001048" "primordium" "Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]." "0001048" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001049" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001049" "neural tube" "In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]." "0001049" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001050" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001050" "obsolete atrium" "0001050" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001051" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001051" "hypopharynx" "Bottom part of the pharynx that connects to the esophagus." "0001051" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001052" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001052" "rectum" "the terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus" "0001052" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001053" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001053" "arthropod neurohemal organ" "A system of neurons that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones, and that constitutes, in whole or in part, an endocrine organ or system." "0001053" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001054" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001054" "Malpighian tubule" "A tubule that extends from the posterior part of the digestive tract which absorbs solutes, water, and wastes from the surrounding hemolymph. Each tubule consists of a single layer of cells that is closed off at the distal end with the proximal end joining the alimentary canal at the junction between the midgut and hindgut[WP,modified]." "0001054" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001055" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001055" "obsolete ureter" "0001055" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001056" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001056" "corpus cardiacum" "One of a pair of neurohemal organs located on the walls of the aorta just behind the brain. The corpora cardiaca release their store of PTTH only after they receive a signal from neurosecretory cells in the brain." "0001056" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001057" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001057" "corpus allatum" "One of a pair of separate or fused bodies in many insects that are sometimes closely associated with the corpora cardiaca and that secrete hormones (as juvenile hormone)[BTO]." "0001057" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001058" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001058" "mushroom body" "Prominent lobed neuropils found in annelids and all arthropods except crustaceans. They are thought to be involved in olfactory associative learning and memory[MESH] Mushroom body neuropils are divided into calyces, pedunculus, and its subsequent lobes. In Drosophila these are the alpha, beta, and gamma lobes." "0001058" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001059" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001059" "pars intercerebralis" "A neurosecretory center of the insect brain, located along the anterior midline[wiktionary]. A medial cleft or depression dividing the left and right protocerebrum and containing numerous large and small somata of neurosecretory and neuromodulatory neurons[FBbt]." "0001059" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001062" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001062" "anatomical entity" "Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species." "0001062" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001063" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001063" "flocculus" "the small lobe of the cerebellum at the posterior border of the middle cerebellar peduncle anterior to the biventer lobule that receives input from the inferior and medial vestibular nuclei and sends fibers back to the vestibular nuclei, and processes and integrates these signals to allow for the constant maintenance of balance" "0001063" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001064" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001064" "ventral pancreatic duct" "A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla." "0001064" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001065" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001065" "parotid main excretory duct" "The main excretory tubular canal that connects the parotid gland and the buccal mucosa and secretes a serous saliva into the vestibule of the oral cavity; it arises from the anterior surface of the gland, traversing the masseter muscle; the duct then pierces the buccinator muscle, moving medially, and opens out into the oral cavity near the second upper molar; saliva produced by acinar secretory cells in the glandular body flows sequentially through the intercalated ducts, striated ducts, and excretory ducts." "0001065" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001066" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001066" "intervertebral disk" "A pad of fibrocartilage between the articular surfaces of two successive vertebral centra which has nucleus pulposus at its core." "0001066" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001067" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001067" "vertebral arch joint" "A synovial joint between the prezygapophysis of one vertebra and the postzygapophysis of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment[WP]." "0001067" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001068" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001068" "skin of back" "A zone of skin that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." "0001068" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001069" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001069" "head of pancreas" "The head of pancreas is a portion of the pancreas that is lodged within the curve of the duodenum, and is flattened anteriorly (from before). The other parts of the pancreas are the body and the tail. Its upper border is overlapped by the superior part of the duodenum and its lower overlaps the horizontal part; its right and left borders overlap in front, and insinuate themselves behind, the descending and ascending parts of the duodenum respectively. [WP,unvetted]." "0001069" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001070" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001070" "external carotid artery" "A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP]" "0001070" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001071" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001071" "superficial cervical artery" "It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery." "0001071" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001072" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001072" "posterior vena cava" "A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart." "0001072" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001073" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001073" "ileocecal junction" "A point along the course of the gastrointestinal tract where the small intestine (ileum) ends as it opens into the cecal portion of the large intestine; occurs usually within the iliac fossa, demarcated internally as the ileocecal orifice" "0001073" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001074" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001074" "pericardial cavity" "A potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium." "0001074" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001075" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001075" "bony vertebral centrum" "Ossified form of a vertebral centrum, a skeletal element that functionally replaces the notochord[VSAP,modified]." "0001075" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001076" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001076" "neural spine" "A extension of a neural arches dorsal to the neural canal[TAO,modified]." "0001076" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001077" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001077" "transverse process of vertebra" "The transverse or costal processes of a vertebra, two in number, project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. They serve for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. [WP,unvetted]." "0001077" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001078" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001078" "pedicle of vertebra" "the two short, thick processes, which project backward, one on either side, from the upper part of the body to the laminae" "0001078" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001079" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001079" "prezygapophysis" "Paired processes at the cephalic end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the prezygapophyses face dorsomedially and articulate with the lateroventrally facing facets of the postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra." "0001079" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001080" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001080" "postzygapophysis" "Paired processes at the caudal end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the postzygapophyses face lateroventrally and articulate with the dorsomedially facing facets of the prezygapophyses of the succeeding vertebra." "0001080" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001081" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001081" "endocardium of ventricle" "Endocardium that is part of the cardiac ventricle." "0001081" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001082" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001082" "epicardium of ventricle" "An epicardial layer that lines a cardiac ventricle" "0001082" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001083" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001083" "myocardium of ventricle" "Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer." "0001083" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001084" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001084" "skin of head" "A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]." "0001084" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001085" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001085" "skin of trunk" "A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." "0001085" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001086" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001086" "obsolete articular cartilage" "0001086" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001087" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001087" "pleural fluid" "Transudate contained in the pleural cavity." "0001087" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001088" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001088" "urine" "Excretion that is the output of a kidney" "0001088" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001089" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001089" "sweat" "Secretion produced by a sweat gland." "0001089" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001090" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001090" "synovial fluid" "Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells." "0001090" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001091" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001091" "calcareous tooth" "Skeletal element within the mouth (or in some species, upper part of the digestive tract) that is composed of dentine and is used in procuring or masticating food." "0001091" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001092" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001092" "vertebral bone 1" "The first vertebral bone in the vertebral column." "0001092" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001093" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001093" "vertebral bone 2" "The second vertebral bone in the vertebral column." "0001093" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001094" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001094" "sacral vertebra" "A vertebra bone that is part of the sacral region of the vertebral column." "0001094" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001095" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001095" "caudal vertebra" "Any vertebral bone that is part of the caudal region of the vertebral column (tail or coccyx)." "0001095" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001096" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001096" "wall of esophagus" "An anatomical wall that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." "0001096" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001097" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001097" "axillary lymph node" "the lymph nodes located around the axillary vein that receive lymphatic drainage from the upper or forelimb, scapular region and pectoral region" "0001097" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001098" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001098" "incisor tooth" "Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and mandible below. [WP,unvetted]." "0001098" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001099" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001099" "subcostal vein" "A vein that runs along the bottom of the lowest rib. Each subcostal vein gives off a posterior (dorsal) branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,modified]." "0001099" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001100" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001100" "pectoralis minor" "The Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle, situated at the upper part of the chest, beneath the Pectoralis major. [WP,unvetted]." "0001100" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001101" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001101" "external jugular vein" "The external jugular vein receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face, being formed by the junction of the posterior division of the posterior facial with the posterior auricular vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0001101" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001102" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001102" "cartilage of main bronchus" "A cartilage that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0001102" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001103" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001103" "diaphragm" "A thin musculomebranous barrier that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Often used for breathing control" "0001103" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001104" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001104" "anterior jugular vein" "The anterior jugular vein begins near the hyoid bone by the confluence of several superficial veins from the submaxillary region. It descends between the median line and the anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and, at the lower part of the neck, passes beneath that muscle to open into the termination of the external jugular, or, in some instances, into the subclavian vein. It varies considerably in size, bearing usually an inverse proportion to the external jugular; most frequently there are two anterior jugulars, a right and left; but sometimes only one. Its tributaries are some laryngeal veins, and occasionally a small thyroid vein. Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the venous jugular arch, which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. There are no valves in this vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0001104" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001105" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001105" "clavicle bone" "A paired dermal or endochondral bone that is part of the pectoral girdle. The clavicle may be in contact with the interclavicle or coracoid and forms an attachment site for pectoral musculature. [PHENOSCAPE:ad]." "0001105" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001106" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001106" "cephalic vein" "A superficial vein of the upper limb that communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein at the elbow and is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps brachii muscle. Superiorly the cephalic vein passes between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and through the deltopectoral triangle, where it empties into the axillary vein. It is often visible through the skin, and its location in the deltopectoral groove is fairly consistent, making this site a good candidate for cannulation. It is often referred to as the 'House-man's Friend' for this reason and is generally a good place for cannulaton when a large bore cannula needs to be sited. [WP,modified]." "0001106" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001107" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001107" "sternohyoid muscle" "The sternohyoid muscle is a thin, narrow muscle attaching the hyoid bone to the sternum, one of the paired strap muscles of the infrahyoid muscles serving to depress the hyoid bone. It is innervated by the ansa cervicalis. The muscle arises from the posterior border of the medial end of the clavicle, the posterior sternoclavicular ligament, and the upper and posterior part of the manubrium sterni. Passing upward and medially, it is inserted by short tendinous fibers into the lower border of the body of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted]." "0001107" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001108" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001108" "omohyoid muscle" "The omohyoid muscle is a muscle at the front of the neck that consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. It belongs to the group of infrahyoid muscles. [WP,unvetted]." "0001108" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001109" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001109" "sternothyroid muscle" "The Sternothyreoideus (or Sternothyroid muscle) is shorter and wider than the Sternohyoideus, beneath which it is situated. It arises from the posterior surface of the manubrium sterni, below the origin of the Sternohyoideus, and from the edge of the cartilage of the first rib, and sometimes that of the second rib, it is inserted into the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. This muscle is in close contact with its fellow at the lower part of the neck, but diverges somewhat as it ascends; it is occasionally traversed by a transverse or oblique tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted]." "0001109" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001110" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001110" "thyrohyoid muscle" "The thyrohyoid muscle is a small, quadrilateral muscle appearing like an upward continuation of the Sternothyreoideus. It belongs to the infrahyoid muscles group. It arises from the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage, and is inserted into the lower border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted]." "0001110" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001111" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001111" "intercostal muscle" "the respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib" "0001111" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001112" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001112" "latissimus dorsi muscle" "The latissimus dorsi is the larger, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the trapezius on its median dorsal region. [WP,unvetted]." "0001112" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001113" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001113" "lobe of liver" "Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe." "0001113" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001114" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001114" "right lobe of liver" "The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted]." "0001114" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001115" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001115" "left lobe of liver" "The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted]." "0001115" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001116" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001116" "quadrate lobe of liver" "The quadrate lobe is an area of the liver situated on the under surface of the right lobe, bounded in front by the anterior margin of the liver; behind by the porta hepatis; on the right, by the fossa for the gall-bladder; and on the left, by the fossa for the umbilical vein. It is oblong in shape, its antero-posterior diameter being greater than its transverse. [WP,unvetted]." "0001116" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001117" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001117" "caudate lobe of liver" "The caudate lobe (posterior hepatic segment I, Spigelian lobe) is situated upon the postero-superior surface of the liver on the right lobe of the liver, opposite the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae. It is bounded on the left side by the physiological division of the liver called the ligamentum venosum. It is bounded, below, by the porta; on the right, by the fossa for the inferior vena cava; and, on the left, by the fossa for the ductus venosus. It looks backward, being nearly vertical in position; it is longer from above downward than from side to side, and is somewhat concave in the transverse direction. The caudate process is a small elevation of the hepatic substance extending obliquely and laterally, from the lower extremity of the caudate lobe to the under surface of the right lobe. It is situated behind the porta, and separates the fossa for the gall-bladder from the commencement of the fossa for the inferior vena cava. Budd-Chiari syndrome, caused by occlusion of hepatic venous outflow, can lead to hypertrophy of the caudate lobe due to its own caval anastomosis that allows for continued function of this lobe of the liver. [WP,unvetted]." "0001117" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001118" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001118" "lobe of thyroid gland" "A lobe of tissue that is part of a thyroid gland." "0001118" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001119" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001119" "right lobe of thyroid gland" "A lobe of thyroid gland that is in the right side of a thyroid gland." "0001119" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001120" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001120" "left lobe of thyroid gland" "A lobe of thyroid gland that is in the left side of a thyroid gland." "0001120" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001121" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001121" "longus colli muscle" "The Longus colli muscle is a muscle of the human body. The Longus colli is situated on the anterior surface of the vertebral column, between the atlas and the third thoracic vertebra. It is broad in the middle, narrow and pointed at either end, and consists of three portions, a superior oblique, an inferior oblique, and a vertical. The superior oblique portion arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebræ and, ascending obliquely with a medial inclination, is inserted by a narrow tendon into the tubercle on the anterior arch of the atlas. The inferior oblique portion, the smallest part of the muscle, arises from the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebræ; and, ascending obliquely in a lateral direction, is inserted into the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebræ. The vertical portion arises, below, from the front of the bodies of the upper three thoracic and lower three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted into the front of the bodies of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebræ. [WP,unvetted]." "0001121" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001122" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001122" "scalenus medius" "The Scalenus medius, the largest and longest of the three scalene muscles, arises from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebræ. It descendes along the side of the vertebral column to insert by a broad attachment into the upper surface of the first rib, between the tubercle and the subclavian groove. The brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass anterior to it. Because it elevates the upper ribs, the middle scalene muscle is also one of the accessory muscles of respiration. [WP,unvetted]." "0001122" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001123" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001123" "scalenus posterior" "The Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus), the smallest and most deeply seated of the three Scaleni, arises, by two or three separate tendons, from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower two or three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted by a thin tendon into the outer surface of the second rib, behind the attachment of the serratus ventralis. It is occasionally blended with the Scalenus medius. [WP,unvetted]." "0001123" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001125" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001125" "serratus ventralis" "The serratus ventralis is a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. [WP,unvetted]." "0001125" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001126" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001126" "serratus dorsalis superior muscle" "The serratus dorsalis superior is a thin, quadrilateral muscle, situated at the upper and back part of the thorax. It arises by a thin and broad aponeurosis from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchae, from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and upper two or three thoracic vertebræ and from the supraspinal ligament. Inclining downward and lateralward it becomes muscular, and is inserted, by four fleshy digitations, into the upper borders of the second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs, a little beyond their angles. [WP,unvetted]." "0001126" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001127" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001127" "serratus dorsalis inferior muscle" "A muscle that originates from the vertebrae and inserts in the ribs." "0001127" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001128" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001128" "sternocleidomastoid" "A paired muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior portion of the neck. It acts to flex and rotate the head. It also acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration, along with the scalene muscles of the neck. [WP,unvetted]." "0001128" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001129" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001129" "subscapularis muscle" "The subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the front of the capsule of the shoulder-joint. [WP,unvetted]." "0001129" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001130" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001130" "vertebral column" "Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body[modified from VSAO]." "0001130" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001131" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001131" "vertebral foramen" "A foramen within a vertebral element through which the spinal cord runs. It is formed by the anterior segment, and the posterior part, the vertebral arch." "0001131" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001132" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132" "parathyroid gland" "The parathyroid gland is an endocrine gland for secretion of parathyroid hormone, usually found as a pair, embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid regulates calcium and phosphorous metabolism." "0001132" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001133" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001133" "cardiac muscle tissue" "Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified]." "0001133" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001134" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001134" "skeletal muscle tissue" "Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers." "0001134" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001135" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001135" "smooth muscle tissue" "Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]." "0001135" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001136" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001136" "mesothelium" "Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri)." "0001136" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001137" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001137" "dorsum" "A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.." "0001137" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001138" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001138" "superior mesenteric vein" "In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]." "0001138" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001139" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001139" "common iliac vein" "A vein that drains the pelvis and lower limbs into the inferior vena cava." "0001139" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001140" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001140" "renal vein" "Either of the pair of major vessels which arise from the renal hilus and return blood from the kidneys, suprarenal gland and the ureter to the inferior vena cava." "0001140" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001141" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001141" "right renal vein" "A renal vein that drains the right kidney" "0001141" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001142" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001142" "left renal vein" "A renal vein that drains the left kidney" "0001142" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001143" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001143" "hepatic vein" "Vein that carries blood away from the liver[ZFA]." "0001143" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001144" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001144" "testicular vein" "A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from a single male gonad. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian vein, and is the venous counterpart of the testicular artery. It is a paired vein, with one supplying each testis." "0001144" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001145" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001145" "ovarian vein" "A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding ovary to inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries." "0001145" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001146" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001146" "suprarenal vein" "A vein that drains the adrenal gland." "0001146" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001148" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001148" "median nerve" "A nerve of the arm that originates from the brachial plexus and is formed from parts of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus, and continues down the arm to enter the forearm with the brachial artery. It originates from the brachial plexus with roots from C5, C6, C7, C8 & T1." "0001148" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001149" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001149" "bare area of liver" "A large triangular surface of the liver devoid of peritoneal covering." "0001149" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001150" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001150" "body of pancreas" "The body of the pancreas is a subsection of the pancreas organ in the human body. It is somewhat prismatic in shape, and has three surfaces: anterior, posterior, and inferior. It is at the same level as the transpyloric plane. [WP,unvetted]." "0001150" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001151" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001151" "tail of pancreas" "The tail of the pancreas, located anatomically left near the hilum of the spleen, is not simply an anatomical distinction. The tail is the only part of the pancreas which contains Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) cells, which are responsible for secreting pancreatic polypeptide to coordinate exocrine and islet enzyme release. PP cells are found in the tail's periphery. Beta cells and delta cells are found in the central part of the tail as with the rest of the pancreas. The cells described above are located exclusively in the islet cells; their secretions reach exocrine portions of the pancreas via the capillary network surrounding the islet cell populations. [WP,unvetted]." "0001151" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001152" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001152" "cystic duct" "the tubular structure that conducts gall bladder contents from the gall bladder to the common bile duct" "0001152" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001153" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001153" "caecum" "A pouch in the digestive tract that connects the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve, and is the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction." "0001153" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001154" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001154" "vermiform appendix" "A blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops embryologically[WP]." "0001154" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001155" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155" "colon" "Last portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum." "0001155" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001156" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001156" "ascending colon" "Section of colon which is distal to the cecum and proximal to the transversecolon.[FMA,modified]" "0001156" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001157" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001157" "transverse colon" "The proximal-distal subdivision of colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, from the right to the left colic flexure. Continuous with the descending colon[BTO,modified]." "0001157" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001158" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001158" "descending colon" "The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon." "0001158" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001159" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001159" "sigmoid colon" "The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity." "0001159" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001160" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001160" "fundus of stomach" "The fundus is the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch, and contains the fundic glands[GO, Kardong]." "0001160" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001161" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001161" "body of stomach" "The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]." "0001161" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001162" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001162" "cardia of stomach" "The part of the stomach attached to the esophagus. The cardia begins immediately distal to the z-line of the gastroeosphageal junction, where the squamous epithelium of the esophagus gives way to the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract[WP]" "0001162" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001163" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001163" "lesser curvature of stomach" "The lesser curvature of the stomach, extending between the cardiac and pyloric orifices, forms the right or posterior border of the stomach. It descends as a continuation of the right margin of the esophagus in front of the fibers of the right crus of the diaphragm, and then, turning to the right, it crosses the first lumbar vertebra and ends at the pylorus. Nearer its pyloric than its cardiac end is a well-marked notch, the incisura angularis, which varies somewhat in position with the state of distension of the viscus; it serves to separate the stomach into a right and a left portion. The lesser curvature gives attachment to the two layers of the hepatogastric ligament, and between these two layers are the left gastric artery and the right gastric branch of the hepatic artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0001163" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001164" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001164" "greater curvature of stomach" "The greater curvature of the stomach is directed mainly forward, and is four or five times as long as the lesser curvature. [WP,unvetted]." "0001164" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001165" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001165" "pyloric antrum" "the area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells" "0001165" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001166" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001166" "pylorus" "the stomach tissue region surrounding and controlling the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum" "0001166" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001167" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001167" "wall of stomach" "the layered structure that makes up the stomach, typiclly consists of a serous coat, a muscular coat, a mucous membrane, and other tissue layers in between" "0001167" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001168" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001168" "wall of small intestine" "An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0001168" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001169" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001169" "wall of large intestine" "An anatomical wall that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0001169" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001170" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001170" "mesentery of small intestine" "The peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP]." "0001170" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001171" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001171" "portal lobule" "The triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel." "0001171" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001172" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001172" "hepatic acinus" "The functional unit of the liver, consisting of a mass of hepatocytes from adjacent liver lobules aligned around the hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids." "0001172" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001173" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001173" "biliary tree" "A complex network of conduits that begins with the canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) and progressively merges into a system of interlobular, septal, and major ducts which then coalesce to form the extrahepatic bile ducts, which finally deliver bile to the intestine, and in some species to the gallbladder." "0001173" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001174" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001174" "common bile duct" "the part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct" "0001174" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001175" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001175" "common hepatic duct" "Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP]." "0001175" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001176" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001176" "right hepatic duct" "The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct." "0001176" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001177" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001177" "left hepatic duct" "The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct." "0001177" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001178" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001178" "visceral peritoneum" "The inner layer of peritoneum that is wrapped around organs located inside the intraperitoneal space." "0001178" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001179" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001179" "peritoneal cavity" "Anatomical cavity bounded by visceral and parietal peritoneum" "0001179" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001180" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001180" "superior recess of lesser sac" "0001180" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001181" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001181" "inferior recess of lesser sac" "0001181" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001182" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001182" "superior mesenteric artery" "Mesenteric artery that supplies the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra." "0001182" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001183" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001183" "inferior mesenteric artery" "Mesenteric artery that supplies the large intestine from the left colic (or splenic) flexure to the upper part of the rectum, which includes the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum. Proximally, its territory of distribution overlaps (forms a watershed) with the middle colic artery, and therefore the superior mesenteric artery. The SMA and IMA anastomose via the marginal artery (artery of Drummond). The territory of distribution of the IMA is more or less equivalent to the embryonic hindgut. [WP,unvetted]." "0001183" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001184" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001184" "renal artery" "One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the kidneys. These are large arteries that branch from the dorsal aorta in primitive vertebrates." "0001184" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001185" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001185" "right renal artery" "Renal artery that supplies the right kidney" "0001185" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001186" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001186" "left renal artery" "Renal artery that supplies the left kidney" "0001186" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001187" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001187" "testicular artery" "One of a pair of arteries that is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to a male gonad." "0001187" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001188" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001188" "right testicular artery" "A testicular artery that supplies a right testicle." "0001188" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001189" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001189" "left testicular artery" "A testicular artery that supplies a left testicle." "0001189" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001190" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001190" "ovarian artery" "An artery that supplies an ovary." "0001190" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001191" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001191" "common iliac artery" "The common iliac arteries are two large arteries, about 4cm long in adults but more than a centimetre in diameter, that originate from the aortic bifurcation. The arteries run inferolaterally, along the medial border of the psoas muscles to the pelvic brim, where they bifurcate into the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery. The common iliac artery, and all of its branches, exist as paired structures (that is to say, there is one on the left side and one on the right). The distribution of the common iliac artery is basically the pelvis and lower limb on the corresponding side. Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by common iliac veins. [WP,unvetted]." "0001191" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001192" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001192" "left gastric artery" "An artery that arises from the celiac artery and supplies the stomach." "0001192" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001193" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001193" "hepatic artery" "An artery that supplies the liver." "0001193" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001194" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001194" "splenic artery" "An artery that supplies the spleen." "0001194" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001195" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001195" "inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery" "The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery or from its first intestinal branch, opposite the upper border of the inferior part of the duodenum. It courses to the right between the head of the pancreas and duodenum, and then ascends to anastomose with the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. It distributes branches to the head of the pancreas and to the descending and inferior parts of the duodenum. [WP,unvetted]." "0001195" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001196" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001196" "middle colic artery" "The middle colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that mostly supplies the transverse colon. It arises just below the pancreas, and, passing downward and forward between the layers of the transverse mesocolon, divides into two branches: right and left. The right branch anastomoses with the right colic artery The left branch anastomoses with the left colic artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. The arches thus formed are placed about two fingers' breadth from the transverse colon, to which they distribute branches. [WP,unvetted]." "0001196" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001197" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001197" "ileocolic artery" "The Ileocolic Artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery. It passes downward and to the right behind the peritoneum toward the right iliac fossa, where it divides into a superior and an inferior branch; the inferior anastomoses with the end of the superior mesenteric artery, the superior with the right colic artery. Supplies the cecum, ileum, and appendix. [WP,unvetted]." "0001197" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001198" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001198" "superior suprarenal artery" "Each (left and right) superior suprarenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery on that side of the body. The left and right phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm, and come off the aorta. [WP,unvetted]." "0001198" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001199" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001199" "mucosa of stomach" "The mucosal layer that lines the stomach." "0001199" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001200" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001200" "submucosa of stomach" "the fibrous connective tissue layer beneath the stomach mucosa" "0001200" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001201" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001201" "serosa of stomach" "the outermost layer of the stomach wall, consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum" "0001201" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001202" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001202" "pyloric sphincter" "A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]." "0001202" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001203" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001203" "muscularis mucosae of stomach" "the thin layer of smooth muscle in the mucosal layer of the stomach that functions to agitate the surface area stomach mucosa by moving the villi back and forth" "0001203" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001204" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001204" "mucosa of small intestine" "A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0001204" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001205" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001205" "submucosa of small intestine" "submucosal tissue in the small intestines." "0001205" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001206" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001206" "serosa of small intestine" "A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0001206" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001207" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001207" "mucosa of large intestine" "A mucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0001207" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001208" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001208" "submucosa of large intestine" "A submucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0001208" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001209" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001209" "serosa of large intestine" "A serous membrane that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0001209" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001210" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001210" "muscularis mucosae of small intestine" "A muscularis mucosa that is part of a small intestine." "0001210" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001211" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001211" "Peyer's patch" "the protruding lymphoid tissue located on the mucosa of the intestine that is composed of densely packed B cell follicles" "0001211" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001212" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001212" "duodenal gland" "A compound tubular submucosal gland found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)[WP]." "0001212" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001213" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001213" "intestinal villus" "the tiny hair-like projections that protrude from the inside of the small intestine that contain blood vessels that capture digested nutrients that are absorbed through the intestinal wall; the villi increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine by approximately 30-fold" "0001213" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001214" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001214" "pancreatic tributary of splenic vein" "The pancreatic veins consist of several small vessels which drain the body and tail of the pancreas, and open into the trunk of the great pancreatic vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0001214" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001215" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001215" "inferior mesenteric vein" "A blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine that usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]." "0001215" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001216" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001216" "jejunal vein" "A tributary of the superior mesenteric vein that drains the jejunum." "0001216" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001217" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001217" "ileal vein" "The veins that drain blood from the ileum into the superior mesenteric vein." "0001217" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001218" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001218" "middle colic vein" "The middle colic vein drains the transverse colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the middle colic artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0001218" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001219" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001219" "ileocolic vein" "The ileocolic vein is a vein which drains the ileum, colon, and cecum. [WP,unvetted]." "0001219" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001220" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001220" "quadratus lumborum" "An abdominal muscle that inserts on the last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae. It is irregular and quadrilateral in shape, and broader below than above." "0001220" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001221" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001221" "transversus abdominis muscle" "The lateral abdominal wall muscle that is deep to the internal oblique." "0001221" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001222" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001222" "right ureter" "An ureter that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." "0001222" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001223" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001223" "left ureter" "An ureter that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." "0001223" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001224" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001224" "renal pelvis" "A funnel shaped proximal portion of the ureter that is formed by convergence of the major calices [MP]." "0001224" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001225" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001225" "cortex of kidney" "Outer cortical portion of the kidney, between the renal capsule and the renal medulla." "0001225" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001226" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001226" "major calyx" "portion of the urinary collecting system within the kidney that drains several minor calyces" "0001226" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001227" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001227" "minor calyx" "portion of the urinary collecting system within the kidney that drains one renal papilla" "0001227" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001228" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001228" "renal papilla" "Tip of renal pyramid projecting into a minor calyx." "0001228" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001229" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001229" "renal corpuscle" "the structure containing the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus that serves as the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron" "0001229" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001230" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001230" "glomerular capsule" "A cup-like sac at the expanded beginning of a tubular component of a nephron that contains the glomerulus" "0001230" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001231" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001231" "nephron tubule" "An epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney." "0001231" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001232" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001232" "collecting duct of renal tubule" "The collecting duct is a portion of the nephron through which water flows, moving passively down its concentration gradient" "0001232" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001233" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001233" "right adrenal gland" "An adrenal gland that is in the right side of the abdomen" "0001233" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001234" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001234" "left adrenal gland" "An adrenal gland that is in the left side of the abdomen" "0001234" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001235" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001235" "adrenal cortex" "the thick outer layer of the adrenal gland that produces and secretes steroid hormones such as corticosterone, estrone and aldosterone" "0001235" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001236" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001236" "adrenal medulla" "the inner portion of the adrenal gland that consists mainly of chromaffin cells which produce, store and secrete neurotransmitters such as epinephrine and norepinephrine" "0001236" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001237" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001237" "paraaortic body" "A chromaffin paraganglion located at the bifurcation of the aorta or at the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery." "0001237" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001238" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001238" "lamina propria of small intestine" "Lamina propria that is part_of the small intestine." "0001238" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001239" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001239" "muscularis mucosae of large intestine" "A muscularis mucosa that is part of a large intestine." "0001239" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001240" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001240" "muscularis mucosae of intestine" "A muscularis mucosa that is part of a intestine." "0001240" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001241" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001241" "crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine" "the tubular intestinal glands found in the mucosal membranes of the small intestine" "0001241" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001242" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001242" "intestinal mucosa" "Mucosal layer that lines the intestine." "0001242" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001243" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001243" "serosa of intestine" "A serous membrane that is part of a wall of intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0001243" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001244" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001244" "internal anal sphincter" "the smooth muscle ring, formed by an increase of the circular muscle fibers of the rectum, situated at the upper end of the anal canal, internal to the outer voluntary external anal sphincter" "0001244" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001245" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001245" "anus" "Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts." "0001245" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001246" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001246" "interlobular bile duct" "The canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad." "0001246" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001247" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001247" "falciform ligament" "A ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior body wall. It is a broad and thin antero-posterior peritoneal fold, falciform in shape, its base being directed downward and backward and its apex upward and backward. It is a remnant of the ventral mesentery of the fetus. It is situated in an antero-posterior plane but lies obliquely, so that one surface faces forward and is in contact with the peritoneum behind the right rectus and the diaphragm, while the other is directed backward and is in contact with the left lobe of the liver. It is attached by its left margin to the under surface of the diaphragm and the posterior surface of the sheath of the right Rectus as low down as the umbilicus; by its right margin it extends from the notch on the anterior margin of the liver, as far back as the posterior surface. It is composed of two layers of peritoneum closely united together. Its base or free edge contains between its layers the round ligament and the paraumbilical veins[WP]." "0001247" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001248" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001248" "hilum of spleen" "The splenic hilum is a location on the surface of the spleen. It is the point of attachment for the gastrosplenic ligament, and the point of insertion for the splenic artery and splenic vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0001248" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001249" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001249" "spleen lymphoid follicle" "The area of the white pulp where the affinity maturation of B cells and the generation of memory B cells and plasma cells occur" "0001249" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001250" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001250" "red pulp of spleen" "the parenchymatous tissue network of the spleen that consists of loose plates or cords (sinuses) infiltrated with red blood cells where most of the blood filtration occurs and degenerate erythrocytes are removed from the circulation" "0001250" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001251" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001251" "marginal zone of spleen" "the zone between the red and white pulp of the spleen containing numerous macrophages and lymphocytes, and a rich plexus of sinusoids supplied by white pulp arterioles carrying blood-borne antigens" "0001251" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001252" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001252" "adventitia of ureter" "An adventitia that is part of a ureter." "0001252" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001253" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001253" "lamina propria of ureter" "A lamina propria that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]." "0001253" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001254" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001254" "urothelium of ureter" "The luminal epithelium of the tube that conducts the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder[MP]" "0001254" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001255" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001255" "urinary bladder" "distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]." "0001255" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001256" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001256" "wall of urinary bladder" "An anatomical wall that lines the insider of a urinary bladder." "0001256" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001257" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001257" "trigone of urinary bladder" "the smooth triangular region of the wall of the urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice; it is an area in which the muscle fibers are closely adherent to the mucosa" "0001257" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001258" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001258" "neck of urinary bladder" "The constricted portion of the urinary bladder, formed by the meeting of its inferolateral surfaces proximal to the opening of the urethra[MP]." "0001258" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001259" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001259" "mucosa of urinary bladder" "the mucous membrane lining the urinary bladder" "0001259" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001260" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001260" "serosa of urinary bladder" "A serous membrane that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." "0001260" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001261" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001261" "lamina propria of urinary bladder" "A lamina propria that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." "0001261" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001262" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001262" "wall of intestine" "An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0001262" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001263" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001263" "pancreatic acinus" "The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct." "0001263" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001264" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001264" "pancreas" "An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes[GO]." "0001264" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001265" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001265" "trabecula of spleen" "A trabecula that is part of a spleen." "0001265" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001266" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001266" "splenic cord" "A structure found in the red pulp of the spleen between the sinusoids, consisting of fibrils and connective tissue cells with a large population of monocytes and macrophages. These cords contain half of the human body's monocytes as a reserve so that after tissue injury these monocytes can move in and aid locally sourced monocytes in wound healing. Erythrocytes pass through the cords of Billroth before entering the sinusoids. The passage into the sinusoids may be seen as a bottleneck, where erythrocytes need to be flexible in order to pass through. In disorders of erythrocyte shape and/or flexibility, such as hereditary spherocytosis, erythrocytes fail to pass through and get phagocytosed, causing extravascular hemolysis." "0001266" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001267" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001267" "femoral nerve" "The femoral nerve, the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves. It descends through the fibers of the Psoas major, emerging from the muscle at the lower part of its lateral border, and passes down between it and the Iliacus, behind the iliac fascia; it then runs beneath the inguinal ligament, into the thigh, and splits into an anterior and a posterior division. Under the inguinal ligament, it is separated from the femoral artery by a portion of the Psoas major. [WP,unvetted]." "0001267" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001268" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001268" "peritoneal fluid" "Transudate contained in the peritoneal cavity." "0001268" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001269" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001269" "acetabular part of hip bone" "The acetabulum is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline. It is bounded by a prominent uneven rim, which is thick and strong above, and serves for the attachment of the acetabular labrum, which reduces its opening, and deepens the surface for formation of the hip joint. At the lower part of the acetabulum is the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum. The rest of the acetabulum is formed by a curved, crescent-moon shaped surface, the lunate surface, where the joint is made with the head of the femur. Its counterpart in the pectoral girdle is the glenoid fossa.[WP,unvetted]." "0001269" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001270" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001270" "bony pelvis" "A ring of bone formed by the sacrum and the first few coccygeal vertebrae as the roof, the pubis and ischia as the floor and the ilia and the acetabular part of the ischia as the walls." "0001270" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001271" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001271" "pelvic girdle region" "The organism subdivision that includes the pelvic girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions." "0001271" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001272" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001272" "innominate bone" "A fused bone consisting of the ilium, ischium and and pubis. Together with the sacrum and coccyx, it comprises the pelvis. [WP,modified]." "0001272" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001273" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001273" "ilium" "Paired endochondral bone that is the dorsal-most of the pelvic bones, offering attachment areas for gluteal muscles on its main surface [PHENOSCAPE:ad]." "0001273" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001274" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001274" "ischium" "Endochondral bone that is paired, forming the posterior part of the pelvis, articulating with the pubis and ilium." "0001274" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001275" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001275" "pubis" "A paired endochondral bone making up the anteroventral region of the tripartite pelvic girdle forming part of the ventral edge of the acetabulum. The origin site of many proximal hindlimb muscles. [PHENOSCAPE:ad]." "0001275" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001276" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001276" "epithelium of stomach" "The epithelial layer of the stomach ." "0001276" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001277" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001277" "intestinal epithelium" "Epithelial layer that lines the intestine." "0001277" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001278" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001278" "epithelium of large intestine" "An epithelium that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0001278" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001279" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001279" "portal triad" "A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel" "0001279" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001280" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001280" "liver parenchyma" "The functional units of the liver including the lobules." "0001280" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001281" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001281" "hepatic sinusoid" "Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers." "0001281" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001282" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001282" "intralobular bile duct" "the tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule" "0001282" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001283" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001283" "bile canaliculus" "An intercellular channel that takes up bile from hepatocytes, transporting it to the bile ducts." "0001283" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001284" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001284" "renal column" "A column of tissue that is histologically identical to tissue found in the renal cortex, but which is located in the medulla between the renal pyramids." "0001284" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001285" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001285" "nephron" "The basic functional unit of the kidney. its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.[WP]" "0001285" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001286" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001286" "Bowman's space" "A narrow chalice-shaped cavity between the glomerular and capsular epithelium of the glomerular capsule of the kidney[TFD]. Between the visceral and parietal layers, into which the filtrate enters after passing through the podocytes' filtration slits[WP]. luminal region between the glomerular capsule visceral and parietal layers, into which filtrate enters after passing through the filtration barrier from the glomerular capillaries[MP]" "0001286" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001287" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001287" "proximal convoluted tubule" "The proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the proximal tubule and extends from the glomerular capsule to the proximal straight tubule." "0001287" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001288" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001288" "loop of Henle" "the section of the renal tubule in the kidney medulla with a hairpin bend; consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb, and is situated between the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule; it functions to reabsorb water and ions from the urine" "0001288" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001289" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001289" "descending limb of loop of Henle" "the portion of the renal tubule that constitutes the proximal part of the loop of Henle, has low permeability to ions and urea, and is highly permeable to water; it consists of an initial short thick segment lined by low simple cuboidal epithelium and a long thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium; however, this distinction is not as important physiologically as in the ascending limb, so often the two are treated as one structure" "0001289" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001290" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001290" "proximal straight tubule" "The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule." "0001290" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001291" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001291" "thick ascending limb of loop of Henle" "the distal sub-portion of the ascending loop of Henle which is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and enters the renal cortex to empty a hypotonic filtrate into the distal convoluted tubule" "0001291" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001292" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001292" "distal convoluted tubule" "The first segment of the nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa." "0001292" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001293" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001293" "outer medulla of kidney" "The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla[GO]." "0001293" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001294" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001294" "inner medulla of kidney" "Innermost region of the mammalian kidney." "0001294" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001295" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001295" "endometrium" "the glandular mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the estrous/menstrual cycle and during pregnancy" "0001295" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001296" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001296" "myometrium" "the smooth muscle coat of the uterus, which forms the main mass of the organ and surrounds and supports the endometrium" "0001296" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001297" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001297" "serosa of uterus" "Outer serosa layer of the uterus." "0001297" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001298" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001298" "psoas major muscle" "The psoas major is a long fusiform muscle placed on the side of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis. It joins the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas. In less than 50 per cent of subjects the psoas major is accompanied by the psoas minor. [WP,unvetted]." "0001298" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001299" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001299" "glans penis" "the conic expansion of the corpus spongiosum that forms the head of the penis" "0001299" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001300" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001300" "scrotum" "the external sac of skin that encloses the testes. It is an extension of the abdomen, and in placentals is located between the penis and anus." "0001300" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001301" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001301" "epididymis" "the elongated structure connected to the posterior surface of the testis that transports, stores, and matures spermatozoa between testis and vas deferens" "0001301" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001302" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001302" "right uterine tube" "A fallopian tube that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." "0001302" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001303" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001303" "left uterine tube" "A fallopian tube that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." "0001303" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001304" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001304" "germinal epithelium of ovary" "layer of simple cuboidal cells covering surface of ovary[WP]." "0001304" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001305" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001305" "ovarian follicle" "A spherical aggregation of cells in the ovary that contains a single oocyte[WP,modified]." "0001305" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001306" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001306" "cumulus oophorus" "A cluster of cells that project into the cavity of the mature ovarian follicle. It is released with the embedded oocyte during ovulation. In order for fertilization to occur this layer must be penetrated by the spermatocyte. [WP,modified]." "0001306" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001307" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001307" "capsule of ovary" "A capsule that surrounds a female gonad." "0001307" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001308" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001308" "external iliac artery" "The external iliac artery is a large artery in the pelvic region that carries blood to the lower limb. The external iliac artery is a paired artery, meaning there is one on each side of the body: a right external iliac artery and left external iliac artery. The external iliac artery is accompanied by the external iliac vein, which is located posterior to the artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0001308" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001309" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001309" "internal iliac artery" "The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]." "0001309" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001310" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001310" "umbilical artery" "The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. [WP,unvetted]." "0001310" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001311" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001311" "inferior vesical artery" "An artery that supplies blood to the lower urinary bladder." "0001311" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001312" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001312" "superior vesical artery" "An artery that supplies blood to the upper urinary bladder." "0001312" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001313" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001313" "iliolumbar artery" "The iliolumbar artery is a branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0001313" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001314" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001314" "obturator artery" "The obturator artery passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into both an anterior and a posterior branch. [WP,unvetted]." "0001314" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001315" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001315" "superior gluteal artery" "The superior gluteal artery (gluteal artery) is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel. It is a short artery which runs backward between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and, passing out of the pelvis above the upper border of the Piriformis, immediately divides into a superficial and a deep branch. Within the pelvis it gives off a few branches to the Iliacus, Piriformis, and Obturator internus, and just previous to quitting that cavity, a nutrient artery which enters the ilium. [WP,unvetted]." "0001315" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001316" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001316" "external iliac vein" "A large vein that connects the femoral vein to the common iliac vein. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins). Both external iliac veins are accompanied along their course by external iliac arteries. [WP,modified]." "0001316" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001317" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001317" "internal iliac vein" "A vein that begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the hypogastric artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac to form the common iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0001317" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001318" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001318" "inferior vesical vein" "0001318" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001319" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001319" "vaginal vein" "One the veins that drains the vaginal venous plexus, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,modified]." "0001319" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001320" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001320" "iliolumbar vein" "The iliolumbar vein is the vena comitans of the iliolumbar artery. The obturator nerve crosses superficial to it. A single vein is found more commonly than a double vein. It drains vertebral segments four and five. It is closely related to the ascending lumbar vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0001320" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001321" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001321" "obturator vein" "The obturator vein begins in the upper portion of the adductor region of the thigh and enters the pelvis through the upper part of the obturator foramen, in the obturator canal. It runs backward and upward on the lateral wall of the pelvis below the obturator artery, and then passes between the ureter and the hypogastric artery, to end in the hypogastric vein. It has an anterior and posterior branch (similar to obturator artery). [WP,unvetted]." "0001321" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001322" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001322" "sciatic nerve" "A large nerve that supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb." "0001322" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001323" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001323" "tibial nerve" "The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris muscles, an articular branch to the knee joint, and a cutaneous branch that will become the sural nerve. The sural nerve is joined by fibres from the common peroneal nerve and runs down the calf to supply the lateral side of the foot. Below the soleus muscle the nerve lies close to the tibia and supplies the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. The nerve passes into the foot running posterior to the medial malleolus. Here it is bound down by the flexor retinaculum in company with the posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0001323" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001324" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001324" "common fibular nerve" "A nerve arising at the terminal division of the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa and extending to the neck of the fibula, ultimately innervating the Peroneus muscle[MP]." "0001324" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001325" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001325" "muscle of pelvis" "Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani," "0001325" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001326" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001326" "levator ani muscle" "The Levator ani is a broad, thin muscle, situated on the side of the pelvis. It is attached to the inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvis, and unites with its fellow of the opposite side to form the greater part of the floor of the pelvic cavity. It supports the viscera in pelvic cavity, and surrounds the various structures which pass through it. In combination with the Coccygeus muscle, it forms the pelvic diaphragm. [WP,unvetted]." "0001326" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001327" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001327" "coccygeus muscle" "The Coccygeus is a muscle of the pelvic wall (i.e. peripheral to the pelvic floor), situated behind the levator ani and in front of the sacrospinous ligament. It is a triangular plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, arising by its apex from the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament, and inserted by its base into the margin of the coccyx and into the side of the lowest piece of the sacrum. It assists the Levator ani and Piriformis in closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]." "0001327" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001328" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001328" "lobe of prostate" "A portion of a prostate that forms a lobe." "0001328" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001329" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001329" "prostate gland anterior lobe" "0001329" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001330" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001330" "pampiniform plexus" "The pampiniform plexus is a network of many small veins found in the male spermatic cord. It is formed by the union of multiple spermatic veins from the back of the testis and tributaries from the epididymis. The veins of the plexus ascend along the cord in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins. These again unite to form a single vein, the testicular vein, which opens on the right side into the inferior vena cava, at an acute angle, and on the left side into the left renal vein, at a right angle. The pampinoform plexus forms the chief mass of the cord. In addition to its function in venous return from the testes, the pampiniform plexus also plays a role in the temperature regulation of the testes. It acts as a heat exchanger, cooling blood in adjacent arteries. An abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus is a medical condition called varicocele. [WP,unvetted]." "0001330" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001331" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001331" "skin of penis" "A zone of skin that is part of a penis [Automatically generated definition]." "0001331" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001332" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001332" "prepuce of penis" "A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect." "0001332" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001333" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001333" "male urethra" "A urethra that is part of a male reproductive system." "0001333" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001334" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001334" "female urethra" "A urethra that is part of a female reproductive system." "0001334" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001335" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001335" "prostatic urethra" "the widest and most dilatable part of the male urethra canal which runs almost vertically through the prostate from its base to its apex, lying nearer its anterior than its posterior surface; this portion of the urethral canal is spindle-shaped, being wider in the middle than at either extremity, and narrowest below, where it joins the membranous portion; it is lined by transitional epithelium and contains in its posterior wall, or floor, the orifices of the prostatic utricle, ejaculatory ducts, and prostatic ducts, collectively known as the seminal colliculus (aka verumontanum)" "0001335" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001336" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001336" "membranous urethra of male or female" "0001336" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001337" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001337" "spongiose part of urethra" "the longest part of the male urethra contained in the corpus spongiosum and extending from the end of the membranous portion to the external urethral orifice; commencing below the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm it passes forward and upward to the front of the symphysis pubis; and then, in the flaccid condition of the penis, it bends downward and forward; while narrow and of uniform size in the body of the penis, it is dilated behind, within the bulb, and again anteriorly within the glans penis, where it forms the fossa navicularis urethrae; the spongy urethra is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium proximally, and by stratified squamous epithelium distally" "0001337" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001338" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001338" "urethral gland" "Any of the numerous small mucous-secreting glands located in the wall of the male or female urethra that help protect the epithelium from the corrosive urine" "0001338" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001339" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001339" "ischiocavernosus muscle" "The ischiocavernosus muscle is a muscle just below the surface of the perineum, present in both men and women. [WP,unvetted]." "0001339" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001340" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001340" "dorsal artery of penis" "The Dorsal Artery of the Penis ascends between the crus penis and the pubic symphysis, and, piercing the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, passes between the two layers of the suspensory ligament of the penis, and runs forward on the dorsum of the penis to the glans, where it divides into two branches, which supply the glans and prepuce. On the penis, it lies between the dorsal nerve and deep dorsal vein, the former being on its lateral side. It supplies the integument and fibrous sheath of the corpus cavernosum penis, sending branches through the sheath to anastomose with the deep artery of the penis. [WP,unvetted]." "0001340" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001341" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001341" "lesser sac" "The lesser sac, also known as the omental bursa, is the cavity in the abdomen that is formed by the lesser and greater omentum. Usually found in mammals, it is connected with the greater sac via the epiploic foramen (also known as the Foramen of Winslow). [WP,unvetted]." "0001341" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001342" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001342" "mesovarium" "The mesentery that suspends the ovary from the dorsal wall of the coelom[VHOG]." "0001342" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001343" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001343" "seminiferous tubule of testis" "The tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis occurs." "0001343" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001344" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001344" "epithelium of vagina" "The epithelial layer of the vagina." "0001344" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001345" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001345" "obsolete fornix" "0001345" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001346" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001346" "vaginal hymen" "A membrane that surrounds or partially covers the vaginal opening." "0001346" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001347" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001347" "white adipose tissue" "Connective tissue consisting of fat-storing cells and arranged in lobular groups or along minor blood vessels[MP,modified]" "0001347" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001348" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001348" "brown adipose tissue" "A thermogenic form of adipose tissue that is composed of brown adipocytes[MP,modified]" "0001348" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001349" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001349" "externally connecting tube lumen" "Anatomical cavity that connects an organ cavity, organ cavity subdivision or cavity of body part subdivision to the exterior, completely or partially surrounded by organs or organ parts that are lined by epithelium. Examples: preputial cavity, vestibule of vagina.[FMA]" "0001349" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001350" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001350" "coccyx" "A collection of caudal vertebrae in the coccygeal region that are fused and part of the bony pelvis." "0001350" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001351" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001351" "lacrimal sac" "The upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct that is lodged in a deep groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla; it connects the lacrimal canaliculi, which drain tears from the eye's surface, and the nasolacrimal duct, which conveys this fluid into the nasal cavity; like the nasolacrimal duct, the sac is lined by stratified columnar epithelium with mucus-secreting goblet cells, and is surrounded by connective tissue." "0001351" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001352" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001352" "external acoustic meatus" "A tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The human ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about 26 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter." "0001352" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001353" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001353" "anal region" "The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present" "0001353" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001354" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001354" "inferior epigastric artery" "The artery that arises from the external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery." "0001354" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001355" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001355" "deep femoral artery" "The profunda femoris artery (also known as the deep femoral artery, or the deep artery of the thigh) is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply (posteriorly) than the rest of the femoral artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0001355" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001356" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001356" "medial circumflex femoral artery" "The medial circumflex femoral artery (internal circumflex artery, medial femoral circumflex artery) is an artery in the upper thigh that helps supply blood to the neck of the femur. [WP,unvetted]." "0001356" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001357" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001357" "inferior rectal artery" "The inferior rectal artery (inferior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that supplies blood to the lower half of the anal canal. [WP,unvetted]." "0001357" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001358" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001358" "perineal artery" "The perineal artery (superficial perineal artery) arises from the internal pudendal artery, and turns upward, crossing either over or under the Transversus perinæi superficialis, and runs forward, parallel to the pubic arch, in the interspace between the Bulbocavernosus and Ischiocavernosus, both of which it supplies, and finally divides into several posterior scrotal branches which are distributed to the skin and dartos tunic of the scrotum. As it crosses the Transversus perinæi superficialis it gives off the transverse perineal artery which runs transversely on the cutaneous surface of the muscle, and anastomoses with the corresponding vessel of the opposite side and with the perineal and inferior hemorrhoidal arteries. It supplies the Transversus perinæi superficialis and the structures between the anus and the urethral bulb. [WP,unvetted]." "0001358" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001359" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001359" "cerebrospinal fluid" "A clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord." "0001359" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001360" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001360" "deep circumflex iliac vein" "A vein that corresponds to the deep circumflex iliac artery and empties near or in a common trunk with the inferior epigastric vein into the external iliac vein; deep circumflex iliac vein." "0001360" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001361" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001361" "femoral vein" "In the human body, the femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. It begins at the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal) and is a continuation of the popliteal vein. It ends at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0001361" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001362" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001362" "perineal vein" "0001362" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001363" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001363" "great saphenous vein" "The great saphenous vein (GSV), also greater saphenous vein, is the large (subcutaneous) superficial vein of the leg and thigh. The terms 'safaina' (Greek) and 'el safin' (Arabic) have both been claimed as the origin for the word 'saphenous'. [WP,unvetted]." "0001363" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001364" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001364" "obsolete circumpennate" "0001364" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001365" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001365" "sacro-iliac joint" "The joint in the bony pelvis between the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by strong ligaments." "0001365" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001366" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001366" "parietal peritoneum" "The outer layer of peritoneum that is attached to the abdominal and pelvic walls." "0001366" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001367" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001367" "external anal sphincter" "The Sphincter ani externus (external anal sphincter) is a flat plane of muscular fibers, elliptical in shape and intimately adherent to the integument surrounding the margin of the anus. [WP,unvetted]." "0001367" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001368" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001368" "obturator externus" "An adductor muscle that attaches to the femur and the pelvis. In humans, the obturator externus muscle is a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis. It is sometimes considered part of the medial compartment of thigh, and sometimes considered part of the gluteal region. [WP,generalized]." "0001368" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001369" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001369" "iliacus muscle" "The iliacus is a flat, triangular muscle, which fills the iliac fossa. [WP,unvetted]." "0001369" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001370" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001370" "gluteus maximus" "The largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles [WP,unvetted]." "0001370" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001371" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001371" "gluteus medius" "One of three gluteal muscles, is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis. Its posterior third is covered by the gluteus maximus, its anterior two-thirds by the gluteal aponeurosis, which separates it from the superficial fascia and integument. [WP,unvetted]." "0001371" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001372" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001372" "psoas minor muscle" "The psoas minor is a long, slender skeletal muscle that, when present, is placed in front of the psoas major muscle. [WP,unvetted]." "0001372" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001373" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001373" "sartorius muscle" "The Sartorius muscle - the longest muscle in the human body - is a long thin muscle that runs down the length of the thigh. Its upper portion forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle." "0001373" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001374" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001374" "biceps femoris" "The biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterior (the back) thigh. As its name implies, it has two parts, one of which (the long head) forms part of the hamstrings muscle group. [WP,unvetted]." "0001374" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001375" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001375" "semitendinosus" "The semitendinosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh; it is one of the hamstrings. [WP,unvetted]." "0001375" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001376" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001376" "tensor fasciae latae muscle" "The tensor fasciae latae or tensor fasciæ latæ is a muscle of the thigh. [WP,unvetted]." "0001376" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001377" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001377" "quadriceps femoris" "One of the muscles belong to the group consisting of the rectus femoris and the three heads of the vastus (lateralis, medialis, intermedius)." "0001377" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001378" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001378" "rectus femoris" "The Rectus femoris muscle is one of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body. (The others are the vastus medialis, the vastus intermedius, and the vastus lateralis. All four combine to form the quadriceps tendon, which inserts into the patella and continues as the patellar ligament. ) The Rectus femoris is situated in the middle of the front of the thigh; it is fusiform in shape, and its superficial fibers are arranged in a bipenniform manner, the deep fibers running straight down to the deep aponeurosis. [WP,unvetted]." "0001378" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001379" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001379" "vastus lateralis" "The Vastus lateralis (Vastus externus) is the largest part of the Quadriceps femoris. It arises by a broad aponeurosis, which is attached to the upper part of the intertrochanteric line, to the anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, to the lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity, and to the upper half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera; this aponeurosis covers the upper three-fourths of the muscle, and from its deep surface many fibers take origin. A few additional fibers arise from the tendon of the Glutæus maximus, and from the lateral intermuscular septum between the Vastus lateralis and short head of the Biceps femoris. The fibers form a large fleshy mass, which is attached to a strong aponeurosis, placed on the deep surface of the lower part of the muscle: this aponeurosis becomes contracted and thickened into a flat tendon inserted into the lateral border of the patella, blending with the Quadriceps femoris tendon, and giving an expansion to the capsule of the knee-joint. [WP,unvetted]." "0001379" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001380" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001380" "vastus medialis" "The vastus medialis, often called the 'teardrop' muscle, is a medially located muscle of the quadriceps. [WP,unvetted]." "0001380" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001381" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001381" "semimembranosus muscle" "The semimembranosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh. It is the most medial of the three hamstring muscles. [WP,unvetted]." "0001381" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001382" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001382" "pectineus muscle" "An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, The pectineus muscle is a flat, quadrangular muscle, situated at the anterior part of the upper and medial aspect of the thigh. It can be classified in the medial compartment of thigh (when the function is emphasized) or the anterior compartment of thigh (when the nerve is emphasized). [WP,generalized]." "0001382" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001383" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001383" "muscle of leg" "A muscle that is part of the region of the hindlimb between the pelvis and ankle." "0001383" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001384" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001384" "primary motor cortex" "The part of the cerebral cortex that receives projections from the motor thalamus and which projects to motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. The motor cortex corresponds to Brodmann's area 4 (MM). The primary motor cortex, or M1, is located on the precentral gyrus and on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain. Of the three motor cortex areas, stimulation of the primary motor cortex requires the least amount of electrical current to elicit a movement. http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter03.html" "0001384" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001385" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001385" "tibialis anterior" "A muscle that originates in the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. Its acts to invert the foot. It is situated on the lateral side of the tibia; it is thick and fleshy above, tendinous below. This muscle overlaps the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve in the upper part of the leg. [WP,unvetted]. The M. tibialis cranialis is a muscle that flexes the tarsometatarsus. It originates on the craniodistal aspect of the femur and proximal tibiotarsus and inserts on the cranial surface of the tarsometarsus[EvoWiki]." "0001385" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001386" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001386" "extensor digitorum longus" "A penniform muscle of the lateral front part of the hindlimb responsible for extension of the digits and dorsiflexion of the ankle." "0001386" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001387" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001387" "fibularis longus" "A superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg, and acts to evert and plantar flex the ankle. It is situated at the upper part of the lateral side of the leg, and is the most superficial of the three peroneus muscles. It is innervated by the superficial fibular nerve (superficial peroneal nerve). [WP,unvetted]." "0001387" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001388" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001388" "gastrocnemius" "The most superficial muscle of the triceps surae group, in the posterior portion of the lower hindleg." "0001388" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001389" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001389" "soleus muscle" "A deep muscle of the triceps surae group, in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg." "0001389" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001390" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001390" "sural artery" "The sural arteries (inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches, which are distributed to the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris. The term applies to any of four or five arteries arising from the popliteal artery, with distribution to the muscles and integument of the calf, and with anastomoses to the posterior tibial, medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries. [WP,unvetted]." "0001390" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001391" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001391" "popliteus muscle" "The popliteus muscle in the leg is used to unlock the knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia during a closed chain movement (such as one with the foot in contact with the ground). [WP,unvetted]." "0001391" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001392" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001392" "flexor hallucis longus" "A deep muscle of the posterior compartment of the hindlimb that is innervated by the tibial nerve, arises from the fibula and insets in the distal phalanx of pedal digit 1." "0001392" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001393" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001393" "auditory cortex" "The part of the brain that is the ultimate target of afferent auditory information." "0001393" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001394" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001394" "axillary artery" "Artery that supplies the axilla" "0001394" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001395" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001395" "thoraco-acromial artery" "The thoracoacromial artery (acromiothoracic artery; thoracic axis) is a short trunk, which arises from the forepart of the axillary artery, its origin being generally overlapped by the upper edge of the Pectoralis minor. [WP,unvetted]." "0001395" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001396" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001396" "lateral thoracic artery" "A blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted]." "0001396" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001397" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001397" "subscapular artery" "The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises at the lower border of the Subscapularis, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries and with the descending branch of the transverse cervical, and ends in the neighboring muscles. About 4 cm. from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0001397" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001398" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001398" "brachial artery" "The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle. It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow. It then divides into the radial and ulnar arteries which run down the forearm. In some individuals, the bifurcation occurs much earlier and the ulnar and radial arteries extend through the upper arm. The pulse of the brachial artery is palpable on the anterior aspect of the elbow, medial to the tendon of the biceps, and, with the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) often used to measure the blood pressure. The brachial artery is closely related to the median nerve; in proximal regions, the median nerve is immediately lateral to the brachial artery. Distally, the median nerve crosses the medial side of the brachial artery and lies anterior to the elbow joint. [WP,unvetted]." "0001398" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001399" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001399" "deep brachial artery" "The arteria profunda brachii (also known as deep artery of the arm and the deep brachial artery) is a large vessel which arises from the medial and back part of the brachial, just below the lower border of the Teres major. [WP,unvetted]." "0001399" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001400" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001400" "iliocostalis thoracis muscle" "The iliocostalis dorsi (musculus accessorius; iliocostalis thoracis) arises by flattened tendons from the upper borders of the angles of the lower six ribs medial to the tendons of insertion of the iliocostalis lumborum; these become muscular, and are inserted into the upper borders of the angles of the upper six ribs and into the back of the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra." "0001400" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001401" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001401" "longissimus thoracis muscle" "The longissimus thoracis is the intermediate and largest of the continuations of the sacrospinalis.[WP]. intermediate erector spinae muscle of back; origin, with iliocostalis and from transverse processes of lower thoracic vertebrae; insertion, by lateral slips into most or all of the ribs between angles and tubercles and into tips of transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae, and by medial slips into accessory processes of upper lumbar and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae; action, extends vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves[Stedmans]." "0001401" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001402" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001402" "longissimus cervicis muscle" "A muscle with origin in transverse processes of upper thoracic vertebrae, and insertion in transverse processes of middle and upper cervical vertebrae that extends cervical vertebrae." "0001402" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001403" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001403" "longissimus capitis" "A longissimus muscle that lies medial to the longissimus cervicis, between it and the semispinalis capitis. It arises by tendons from the transverse processes of the upper four or five thoracic vertebrae, and the articular processes of the lower three or four cervical vertebrae, and is inserted into the posterior margin of the mastoid process, beneath the splenius capitis and sternocleidomastoid.[WP,unvetted]." "0001403" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001404" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001404" "radial artery" "branch of the brachial artery beginning below the elbow and extending down the forearm around the wrist and into the palm." "0001404" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001405" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001405" "spinalis thoracis muscle" "Origin: spinous processes of two upper lumbar and two lower thoracic; insertion: spines of upper thoracic vertebrae; innervation: branches of spinal nerves; action: extends vertebral column." "0001405" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001406" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001406" "ulnar artery" "The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm. It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery. It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein or veins, the ulnar vein or ulnar veins. The ulnar artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial, begins a little below the bend of the elbow in the cubital fossa, and, passing obliquely downward, reaches the ulnar side of the forearm at a point about midway between the elbow and the wrist. It then runs along the ulnar border to the wrist, crosses the transverse carpal ligament on the radial side of the pisiform bone, and immediately beyond this bone divides into two branches, which enter into the formation of the superficial and deep volar arches. [WP,unvetted]." "0001406" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001407" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001407" "semispinalis thoracis" "The Semispinalis dorsi (or semispinalis thoracis) consists of thin, narrow, fleshy fasciculi, interposed between tendons of considerable length. It arises by a series of small tendons from the transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted, by tendons, into the spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." "0001407" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001408" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001408" "semispinalis cervicis" "The semispinalis cervicis (semispinalis colli), thicker than the semispinalis dorsi, arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted into the cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth inclusive. The fasciculus connected with the axis is the largest, and is chiefly muscular in structure. [WP,unvetted]." "0001408" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001409" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001409" "semispinalis capitis" "The Semispinalis capitis (Complexus) is situated at the upper and back part of the neck, deep to the Splenius, and medial to the Longissimus cervicis and capitis. It arises by a series of tendons from the tips of the transverse processes of the upper six or seven thoracic and the seventh cervical vertebræ, and from the articular processes of the three cervical above this. The tendons, uniting, form a broad muscle, which passes upward, and is inserted between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone. The medial part, usually more or less distinct from the remainder of the muscle, is frequently termed the Spinalis capitis; it is also named the Biventer cervicis since it is traversed by an imperfect tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted]." "0001409" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001410" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001410" "common palmar digital artery" "Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the convexity of the superficial palmar arch and proceed distally on the second, third, and fourth lumbricales muscles." "0001410" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001411" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001411" "basilic vein" "A superficial vein of the upper limb that drain parts of manus and forearm." "0001411" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001412" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001412" "common palmar digital vein" "0001412" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001413" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001413" "brachial vein" "A vein that accompanies the brachial artery between the shoulder and the elbow." "0001413" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001414" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001414" "median basilic vein" "A vein between the biceps and pronator radii teres muscles that unites with the common ulnar vein to form the basilic vein within the forearm." "0001414" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001415" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001415" "skin of pelvis" "A zone of skin that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]." "0001415" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001416" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001416" "skin of abdomen" "A zone of skin that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]." "0001416" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001417" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001417" "skin of neck" "A zone of skin that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." "0001417" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001418" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001418" "skin of thorax" "A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." "0001418" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001419" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001419" "skin of limb" "A zone of skin that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." "0001419" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001420" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001420" "subscapular vein" "a vein formed by the confluence of the thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular veins and accompanying the subscapular artery to drain into the axillary vein." "0001420" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001421" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001421" "pectoral girdle region" "An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions." "0001421" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001422" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001422" "facial lymphatic vessel" "A lymphatic vessel that is part of a face [Automatically generated definition]." "0001422" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001423" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001423" "radius bone" "The major preaxial endochondral bone in the anterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]." "0001423" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001424" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001424" "ulna" "The major postaxial endochondral bone in the anterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]." "0001424" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001425" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001425" "pectoral lymphatic vessel" "0001425" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001426" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001426" "jugular lymphatic vessel" "0001426" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001427" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001427" "radiale" "Endochondral proximal carpal bone articulating with the radius." "0001427" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001428" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001428" "intermedium" "Endochondral carpal bone articulating with the ulnare and the radiale." "0001428" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001429" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001429" "pisiform" "A laterally positioned sesamoid bone found in close proximity with and occasionally fused to the ulnare." "0001429" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001430" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001430" "distal carpal bone 1" "." "0001430" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001431" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001431" "distal carpal bone 2" "." "0001431" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001432" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001432" "distal carpal bone 3" "." "0001432" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001433" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001433" "distal carpal bone 4" "." "0001433" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001434" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001434" "skeletal system" "Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system." "0001434" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001435" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001435" "carpal bone" "A bone that is part of the carpal skeleton. Examples: scaphoid, lunate, capitate[cjm]." "0001435" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001436" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001436" "phalanx of manus" "A phalanx that is part of a forelimb autopod[Automatically generated definition]." "0001436" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001437" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001437" "epiphysis" "The head of a long bone that articulates with a neighboring skeletal element and is separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate until bone growth stops. At that time, the plate disappears and the head and shaft are united[MESH,modified]." "0001437" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001438" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001438" "metaphysis" "Zone of long bone that is between the epiphysis and diaphysis. Subdivision of diaphysis which forms the proximal or distal end of diaphysis next to the epiphysis; together with diaphysis proper, it constitutes the diaphysis. Examples: proximal metaphysis of humerus, distal metaphysis of femur.[FMA]" "0001438" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001439" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001439" "compact bone tissue" "the outer layers of solid, hard bone that covers spongy bone; consists of parallel osteons containing mineral deposits and interstitial lamellae" "0001439" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001440" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001440" "forelimb skeleton" "The collection of all skeletal elements in a free forelimb region. Excludes the pectoral girdle" "0001440" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001441" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001441" "hindlimb skeleton" "Subdivision of skeleton consisting of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb region." "0001441" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001442" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001442" "skeleton of manus" "Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a manus, which is the distal section of the anterior forelimb skeleton consisting of the mesopodium, the metapodium and the acropodium (e.g. including the wrist, palm, and fingers)[Phenoscape]." "0001442" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001443" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443" "chest" "Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA]." "0001443" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001444" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001444" "subdivision of head" "0001444" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001445" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001445" "skeleton of pes" "Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a pes, which is the distal section of the posterior hindlimb skeleton consisting of the mesopodium, the metapodium and the acropodium (e.g. including the ankle, sole, and toes)[Phenoscape]." "0001445" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001446" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001446" "fibula" "The major postaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]." "0001446" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001447" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001447" "tarsal bone" "A bone that is part of the tarsal skeleton. Examples: calcaneus, talus, centralia." "0001447" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001448" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001448" "metatarsal bone" "The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the pes located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-pes and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (side of big toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the manus. [WP,unvetted]." "0001448" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001449" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001449" "phalanx of pes" "A phalanx that is part of a hindlimb autopod[Automatically generated definition]." "0001449" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001450" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001450" "calcaneus" "The postaxial bone of the proximal tarsals series[Phenoscape]." "0001450" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001451" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001451" "navicular bone of pes" "the oval-shaped tarsal bone found between the talus and the 3 cuneiform bones" "0001451" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001452" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001452" "distal tarsal bone 1" "Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 1." "0001452" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001453" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001453" "distal tarsal bone 2" "Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 2." "0001453" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001454" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001454" "distal tarsal bone 3" "Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 3." "0001454" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001455" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001455" "cuboid bone" "A tarsal bone that is formed from distal tarsals 4 and 5. [WP,modified]." "0001455" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001456" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456" "face" "A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc)." "0001456" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001457" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001457" "skin of eyelid" "A zone of skin that is part of a eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." "0001457" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001458" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001458" "skin of lip" "A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]." "0001458" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001459" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001459" "skin of external ear" "A zone of skin that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition]." "0001459" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001460" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001460" "arm" "The part of the forelimb extending from the shoulder to the autopod[cjm]." "0001460" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001461" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001461" "elbow" "The elbow is the region surrounding the elbow-joint-the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm. The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna, and the inner aspect of the elbow is called the antecubital fossa. [WP,unvetted,human-specific]." "0001461" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001463" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001463" "manual digit 1" "1st (preaxial) digit of the manus[Wikipedia]." "0001463" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001464" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001464" "hip" "The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region (i.e. the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the thigh bone. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. [WP,modified]." "0001464" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001465" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001465" "knee" "A segment of the hindlimb that corresponds to the joint connecting a hindlimb stylopod and zeugopod." "0001465" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001466" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001466" "pedal digit" "A digit that is part of a pes (foot)." "0001466" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001467" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001467" "shoulder" "A subdivision of the pectoral complex consisting of the structures in the region of the shoulder joint (which connects the humerus, scapula and clavicle)." "0001467" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001468" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001468" "intervertebral joint" "The joint between adjacent vertebral bodies. May be composed of the nucleus pulposus, annular ligament, and the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments." "0001468" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001469" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001469" "sternoclavicular joint" "The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint composed of two portions separated by an articular disc. The parts entering into its formation are the sternal end of the clavicle, the upper and lateral part of the manubrium sterni, and the cartilage of the first rib, visible from the outside as the suprasternal notch. The articular surface of the clavicle is much larger than that of the sternum, and is invested with a layer of cartilage, which is considerably thicker than that on the latter bone. The ligaments of this joint are: Articular capsule Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Articular disk [WP,unvetted]." "0001469" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001470" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001470" "glenohumeral joint" "The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). [WP,unvetted]." "0001470" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001471" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001471" "skin of prepuce of penis" "the loose fold of skin that covers the penis" "0001471" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001472" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001472" "vaginal venous plexus" "The vaginal plexuses are placed at the sides of the vagina; they communicate with the uterine, vesical, and hemorrhoidal plexuses, and are drained by the vaginal veins, one on either side, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,unvetted]." "0001472" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001473" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001473" "lymphatic vessel" "A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO]." "0001473" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001474" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001474" "bone element" "Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue." "0001474" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001475" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001475" "obsolete ligament" "0001475" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001476" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001476" "deltoid" "A muscle of shoulder which attaches to the scapula, clavicle and humerus.[FMA,generalized]" "0001476" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001477" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001477" "infraspinatus muscle" "The infraspinatus muscle is a thick triangular muscle, which occupies the chief part of the infraspinatous fossa. The infraspinatus is a muscle of the rotator cuff. [WP,unvetted]." "0001477" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001478" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001478" "teres major muscle" "Teres major is a muscle of the upper limb and one of six scapulohumeral muscles. It is a thick but somewhat flattened muscle. [WP,unvetted]." "0001478" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001479" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001479" "sesamoid bone" "A sesamoid element that is composed of bone tissue." "0001479" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001480" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001480" "proximal carpal bone" "A carpal bone that proximally_connected_to a forelimb zeugopod skeleton." "0001480" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001481" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001481" "distal carpal bone" "A distal carpal endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue." "0001481" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001482" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001482" "muscle of shoulder" "Any muscle organ that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]." "0001482" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001483" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001483" "skin of shoulder" "A zone of skin that is part of a shoulder region." "0001483" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001484" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001484" "articular capsule" "An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]." "0001484" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001485" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001485" "knee joint" "The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus (i.e. a pivotal hinge joint), which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation[WP,unvetted]." "0001485" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001486" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001486" "hip joint" "A synovial joint that connects the femur to the acetbulum of the innominate bone." "0001486" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001487" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001487" "pes joint" "A skeletal joint that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]." "0001487" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001488" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001488" "ankle joint" "A joint that connects the hindlimb autopod and zeugopod skeletons." "0001488" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001489" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001489" "manus joint" "A skeletal joint that is part of a manus (hand) [Automatically generated definition]." "0001489" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001490" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001490" "elbow joint" "A joint that connects the forelimb zeugopod and stylopod skeletons[Obol]." "0001490" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001491" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001491" "wrist joint" "A joint connecting the forelimb zeugopod skeleton with the carpal skeleton." "0001491" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001492" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001492" "radial nerve" "A nerve that supplies the upper limb, including the triceps brachii muscle of the arm, as well as all 12 muscles in the posterior osteofascial compartment of the forearm, as well as the associated joints and overlying skin." "0001492" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001493" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001493" "axillary nerve" "The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0001493" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001494" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001494" "ulnar nerve" "A nerve which runs near the ulna bone." "0001494" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001495" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001495" "pectoral muscle" "Muscles of the upper chest. The term may refer to one of two muscles, the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor. The former is a thick muscle in the anterior portion of the chest. Its action involves flexion, medial rotation, and adduction of the humerus. The latter is a thin muscle located beneath the pectoralis major. Its action involves lowering the scapula and raising the ribs." "0001495" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001496" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001496" "ascending aorta" "The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart's axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia]" "0001496" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001497" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001497" "muscle of pelvic girdle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]." "0001497" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001498" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001498" "muscle of pes" "Any muscle organ that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]." "0001498" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001499" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001499" "muscle of arm" "A muscle organ that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0001499" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001500" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001500" "muscle of manus" "Any muscle organ that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]." "0001500" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001501" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001501" "lumbrical muscle of manus" "The lumbricals are intrinsic muscles of the manus that flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints" "0001501" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001502" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001502" "interosseous muscle of manus" "Any of the interosseous muscles of the manus (hand). This includes the dorsal and plantar interossei" "0001502" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001503" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001503" "dorsal interosseous of manus" "The dorsal interossei of the hand are muscles that occupy the space between the metacarpals. There are four dorsal interossei in each hand. They are specified as 'dorsal' to contrast them with the palmar interossei, which are located on the anterior side of the metacarpals. The dorsal interosseous muscles are bipennate, with each muscle arising by two heads from the adjacent sides of the metacarpal bones, but more extensively from the metacarpal bone of the finger into which the muscle is inserted. They are inserted into the bases of the proximal phalanges and into the extensor expansion of the corresponding extensor digitorum tendon. The middle digit has two dorsal interossei insert onto it while the first digit (thumb) and the fifth digit (little finger) have none[WP]." "0001503" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001504" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001504" "lumbrical muscle of pes" "The lumbricals are four small skeletal muscles, accessory to the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and numbered from the medial side of the pes; they arise from these tendons, as far back as their angles of division, each springing from two tendons, except the first." "0001504" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001505" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001505" "coracobrachialis muscle" "The Coracobrachialis is the smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula. (The other two muscles are pectoralis minor and biceps brachii. ) It is situated at the upper and medial part of the arm. It is perforated by and innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. [WP,unvetted]." "0001505" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001506" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001506" "brachialis muscle" "The brachialis (brachialis anticus) is a muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint. It lies just deep of the biceps brachii, and is a synergist that assists the biceps brachii in flexing at the elbow. It makes up part of the floor of the region known as the cubital fossa. [WP,unvetted]." "0001506" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001507" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001507" "biceps brachii" "A muscle in the forelimb stylopod which in humans has several functions, the most important being to rotate the forearm and to flex the elbow. [WP,unvetted]." "0001507" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001508" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001508" "arch of aorta" "the convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery" "0001508" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001509" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001509" "triceps brachii" "The triceps brachii muscle (Latin for 'three-headed' muscle of the arm, it is called a three headed muscle because there are three bundles of muscle, each of different origin, joining together at the elbow) is the large muscle on the back of the human upper limb. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (i.e. straightening of the arm). Though a similarly-named muscle, the triceps surae, is found on the lower leg, the triceps brachii is commonly called simply the 'triceps'. [WP,unvetted]." "0001509" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001510" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001510" "skin of knee" "A zone of skin that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]." "0001510" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001511" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001511" "skin of leg" "A zone of skin that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]." "0001511" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001512" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001512" "skin of ankle" "A zone of skin that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition]." "0001512" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001513" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001513" "skin of pes" "A zone of skin that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]." "0001513" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001514" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001514" "descending aorta" "The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted]." "0001514" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001515" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001515" "thoracic aorta" "the part of the aorta that extends from the origin at the heart to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest" "0001515" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001516" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001516" "abdominal aorta" "Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]." "0001516" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001517" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001517" "skin of elbow" "A zone of skin that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]." "0001517" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001518" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001518" "skin of wrist" "A zone of skin that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]." "0001518" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001519" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001519" "skin of manus" "A zone of skin that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]." "0001519" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001520" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001520" "pronator teres" "The pronator teres is a muscle of the human body (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so the palm faces posteriorly). [WP,unvetted]." "0001520" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001521" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001521" "flexor carpi radialis muscle" "A muscle of the forearm that acts to flex and abduct the manus. [WP,unvetted]." "0001521" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001522" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001522" "flexor carpi ulnaris muscle" "The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU) is a muscle of the human forearm that acts to flex and adduct the manus. [WP,unvetted]." "0001522" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001523" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001523" "flexor digitorum profundus" "A muscle in the forearm that flexes the manual digits[WP,modified]." "0001523" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001524" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001524" "extensor carpi radialis longus muscle" "Extensor carpi radialis longus is one of the five main muscles that control movements at the wrist. This muscle is quite long, starting on the lateral side of the humerus, and attaching to the base of the second metacarpal bone (metacarpal of the index finger). [WP,unvetted]." "0001524" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001525" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001525" "extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle" "The Extensor carpi radialis brevis is shorter and thicker than the extensor carpi radialis longus. The longus muscle can be found above the distal end of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis. [WP,unvetted]." "0001525" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001526" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001526" "extensor carpi ulnaris muscle" "Extensor carpi ulnaris is a muscle located in the forearm that acts to extend and adduct the wrist. Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm. [WP]." "0001526" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001527" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001527" "abductor pollicis longus" "The Abductor pollicis longus lies immediately below the Supinator and is sometimes united with it. [WP,unvetted]." "0001527" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001528" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001528" "radio-ulnar joint" "A joint that connects the radius and the ulna. Examples: proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints" "0001528" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001529" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001529" "brachiocephalic artery" "the short first aortic arch branch and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery" "0001529" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001530" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001530" "common carotid artery plus branches" "A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]." "0001530" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001531" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001531" "right common carotid artery plus branches" "The rightmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from in the neck from the brachiocephalic trunk." "0001531" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001532" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001532" "internal carotid artery" "A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and eyes[MP]" "0001532" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001533" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001533" "subclavian artery" "One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the pectoral appendages, usually branching from the dorsal aorta" "0001533" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001534" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001534" "right subclavian artery" "The subclavian artery that supplies the right pectoral appendage" "0001534" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001535" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001535" "vertebral artery" "the first branch of the left and right subclavian arteries that merge to form the single midline basilar artery; branches of the vertebral arteries supply the musculature of the neck" "0001535" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001536" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001536" "left common carotid artery plus branches" "The leftmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from the aortic arch in the thorax." "0001536" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001537" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001537" "anterior tibial artery" "The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the anterior tibial vein, along its course. It crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle joint, at which point it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0001537" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001538" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001538" "posterior tibial artery" "The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. [WP,unvetted]." "0001538" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001539" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001539" "dorsalis pedis artery" "A blood vessel of the lower limb that carries oxygenated blood to the dorsal surface of the foot. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery. It terminates at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space, where it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a deep vein, the dorsalis pedis vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0001539" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001540" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001540" "peroneal artery" "An artery that supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the leg and is typically a branch of posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0001540" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001541" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001541" "medial plantar artery" "The medial plantar artery (internal plantar artery), much smaller than the lateral, passes forward along the medial side of the foot. It is at first situated above the Abductor hallucis, and then between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis, both of which it supplies. At the base of the first metatarsal bone, where it is much diminished in size, it passes along the medial border of the first toe, anastomosing with the first dorsal metatarsal artery. Small superficial digital branches accompany the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve and join the plantar metatarsal arteries of the first three spaces. [WP,unvetted]." "0001541" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001542" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001542" "inguinal lymph node" "the lymph nodes located in the groin area" "0001542" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001543" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001543" "popliteal lymph node" "the lymph nodes which drain the legs; contained in the popliteal fossa" "0001543" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001544" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001544" "popliteal vein" "The popliteal vein course runs alongside the popliteal artery but carries the blood from the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf back to the heart. Its origin is defined by the junction of the posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein. It drains the peroneal vein before reaching the knee joint and turns into the femoral vein when leaving the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal). The popliteal artery extends from the femoral artery behind the popliteal fossa which is the space behind the knee. [WP,unvetted]." "0001544" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001545" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001545" "anterior tibial vein" "A vein of the lower limb that carries blood from the anterior compartment of the leg to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the posterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the anterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the anterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]." "0001545" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001546" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001546" "posterior tibial vein" "A vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which it forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the posterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the posterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]." "0001546" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001547" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001547" "small saphenous vein" "The small saphenous vein (also lesser saphenous vein), is a relatively large vein of the superficial posterior leg. [WP,unvetted]." "0001547" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001548" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001548" "lateral marginal vein" "a continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the short saphenous vein" "0001548" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001549" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001549" "dorsal metatarsal vein" "The dorsal metatarsal veins are veins which drain the metatarsus of the foot. [WP,unvetted]." "0001549" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001550" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001550" "medial marginal vein" "a continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the long saphenous vein" "0001550" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001551" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001551" "vein of hindlimb zeugopod" "0001551" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001552" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001552" "kidney arcuate artery" "One of the curved arteries at the corticomedullary border of the kidney that arise from the interlobar arteries and give rise to the interlobular arteries." "0001552" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001553" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001553" "medial tarsal artery" "The medial tarsal arteries are two or three small branches which ramify on the medial border of the foot and join the medial malleolar net-work." "0001553" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001554" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001554" "skin of hip" "A zone of skin that is part of a hip region." "0001554" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001555" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001555" "digestive tract" "A tube extending from the mouth to the anus." "0001555" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001556" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001556" "lower urinary tract" "Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra." "0001556" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001557" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557" "upper respiratory tract" "The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the nose and ends distally with the cricoid cartilage, before continuing to the trachea." "0001557" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001558" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558" "lower respiratory tract" "The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified]" "0001558" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001559" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001559" "obsolete head of organ" "0001559" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001560" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001560" "neck of organ" "0001560" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001561" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001561" "subcostal artery" "An artery that runs along the bottom of the lowest rib. They constitute the lowest pair of branches derived from the thoracic aorta, and are in series with the intercostal arteries. Each passes along the lower border of the twelfth rib behind the kidney and in front of the Quadratus lumborum muscle, and is accompanied by the twelfth thoracic nerve. It then pierces the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis, and, passing forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus, anastomoses with the superior epigastric, lower intercostal, and lumbar arteries. Each subcostal artery gives off a posterior branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0001561" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001562" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001562" "digastric muscle group" "A group of muscles (or in some classifications, muscle bellies) that are located under the jaw and attach to the base of the cranium and typically attaches to the hyoid apparatus via a common tendon." "0001562" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001563" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001563" "longus capitis muscle" "A muscle that arises by four tendinous slips from the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae and inserts into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone.[WP,modified]." "0001563" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001564" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001564" "mylohyoid muscle" "The mylohyoid is a pharyngeal arch I muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the nerve to mylohyoid and attaches to the midline raphe linking right and left mylohyoid and the mandible." "0001564" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001565" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001565" "geniohyoid muscle" "The geniohyoid is a muscle that attaches to the mandible and the hyoid apparatus and is innervated by the first cervical nerve (C1)." "0001565" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001566" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001566" "cricothyroid muscle" "Intrinsic muscle of the larynx, innervated by the external division of the laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve. It attaches to the anterolateral surface of the cricoid cartilage and the external surface of the thyroid cartilage." "0001566" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001567" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001567" "cheek" "A fleshy subdivision of one side of the face bounded by an eye, ear and the nose." "0001567" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001568" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001568" "muscle of larynx" "The muscles associated with the larynx." "0001568" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001569" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001569" "constrictor muscle of pharynx" "Pharyngeal constrictor refers to one of the muscles that serves to constrict the pharynx. They include: Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle" "0001569" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001570" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001570" "inferior pharyngeal constrictor" "The inferior pharyngeal constrictor, the thickest of the three constrictors, arises from the sides of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage. Similarly to the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles, it is innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), specifically, by branches from the pharyngeal plexus and by neuronal branches from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]." "0001570" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001571" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001571" "genioglossus muscle" "Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue." "0001571" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001572" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001572" "hyoglossus muscle" "A muscle that attaches to the hyopid bone and to the tongue and is innervated by cranial nerve XII" "0001572" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001573" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001573" "styloglossus" "The Styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process, near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament. Passing downward and forward between the internal and external carotid arteries, it divides upon the side of the tongue near its dorsal surface, blending with the fibers of the Longitudinalis inferior in front of the Hyoglossus; the other, oblique, overlaps the Hyoglossus and decussates with its fibers. [WP,unvetted]." "0001573" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001574" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001574" "palatoglossus muscle" "The palatoglossus, glossopalatinus, or palatoglossal muscle is a small fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the glossopalatine arch. It arises from the anterior surface of the soft palate, where it is continuous with the muscle of the opposite side, and passing downward, forward, and lateralward in front of the palatine tonsil, is inserted into the side of the tongue, some of its fibers spreading over the dorsum, and others passing deeply into the substance of the organ to intermingle with the Transversus linguæ. [WP,unvetted]." "0001574" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001575" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001575" "extrinsic muscle of tongue" "A muscle organ that attaches the tongue to some other structure." "0001575" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001576" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001576" "intrinsic muscle of tongue" "The intrinsic tongue muscles are an integral part of the tongue and completely contained within the tongue that are innervated by Cranial Nerve XII." "0001576" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001577" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001577" "facial muscle" "A muscle innervated by a facial nerve." "0001577" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001578" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001578" "orbicularis oculi muscle" "A circumorbital muscle in the face that closes the eyelid[HP]." "0001578" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001579" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001579" "olfactory nerve" "Nerve that carries information from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb[Butler and Hodos]." "0001579" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001580" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001580" "levator labii superioris" "The levator labii superioris (or quadratus labii superioris) is a broad sheet, the origin of which extends from the side of the nose to the zygomatic bone. Its medial fibers form the angular head, which arises by a pointed extremity from the upper part of the frontal process of the maxilla and passing obliquely downward and lateralward divides into two slips. One of these is inserted into the greater alar cartilage and skin of the nose; the other is prolonged into the lateral part of the upper lip, blending with the infraorbital head and with the Orbicularis oris. The intermediate portion or infraorbital head arises from the lower margin of the orbit immediately above the infraorbital foramen, some of its fibers being attached to the maxilla, others to the zygomatic bone. Its fibers converge, to be inserted into the muscular substance of the upper lip between the angular head and the Caninus. The lateral fibers, forming the zygomatic head, arise from the malar surface of the zygomatic bone immediately behind the zygomaticomaxillary suture and pass downward and medialward to the upper lip. [WP,unvetted]." "0001580" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001581" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001581" "depressor labii inferioris" "A muscle of facial expression, innervated by the facial nerve, attached to the skin of the lower lip, orbicularis oris muscle, and mandible, and superficial and lateral to the mentalis muscle. See Diogo et al., 2009; Burrows et al., 2011)" "0001581" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001582" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001582" "buccinator muscle" "The buccinator is a muscle that is attached to the mandible, skin, pterygomandibular raphe and maxilla, and is innervated by Cranial Nerve VII and participates in oropharyngeal behavior." "0001582" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001583" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001583" "extrinsic auricular muscle" "Auricular muscle attaching the cartilage of the ear to the epicranial aponeurosis. The 3 extrinsic auricular muscles in humans are: anterior auricular muscle superior auricular muscle posterior auricular muscle [WP,modified]." "0001583" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001584" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001584" "left subclavian artery" "The subclavian artery that supplies the left pectoral appendage" "0001584" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001585" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001585" "anterior vena cava" "A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium of the heart." "0001585" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001586" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001586" "internal jugular vein" "One of two jugular veins that collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]." "0001586" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001587" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001587" "subclavian vein" "The subclavian vein is a paired large vein, one on either side of the body. Their diameter is approximately that of the smallest finger." "0001587" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001588" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001588" "vertebral vein" "The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae. This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves. On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0001588" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001589" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001589" "internal thoracic vein" "A vessel that drains the chest wall and breats and arises from the superior epigastric vein, accompanies the internal thoracic artery along its course and terminates in the brachiocephalic vein.." "0001589" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001590" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001590" "pericardiacophrenic vein" "Vena comitans of the pericardiacophrenic arteries." "0001590" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001591" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001591" "thymic vein" "A vein that drains blood from the thymus." "0001591" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001592" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001592" "bronchial vein" "The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries. The veins, however, do not return all of the blood supplied by the arteries; much of the blood that is carried in the bronchial arteries is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. [WP,unvetted]." "0001592" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001593" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001593" "venous plexus" "A congregation of multiple veins." "0001593" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001594" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001594" "azygos vein" "An unpaired vein which in humans arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava; unlike humans, mice have a single and left-sided azygos vein that develops from the paired embryonic cardinal venous system and drains most of the right and left thoracic walls into the left anterior vena cava[MP]." "0001594" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001595" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001595" "auricular muscle" "A muscle that is part of the pinna and is attached to the auricular cartilage" "0001595" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001596" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001596" "intrinsic auricular muscle" "Auricular muscle attached only to the cartilage of the ear and not to the epicranial aponeurosis" "0001596" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001597" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001597" "masseter muscle" "Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, is innervated by masseteric nerve branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), and attaches to mandible and zygomatic arch." "0001597" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001598" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001598" "temporalis muscle" "Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that is innervated by the deep temporal branches of the trigeminal nerve and attaches to the wall of the braincase (including the cranial vault) and mandible." "0001598" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001599" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001599" "stapedius muscle" "The muscle that stabilizes the stapes bone. The stapedius emerges from a pinpoint foramen in the apex of the pyramidal eminence (a hollow, cone-shaped prominence in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity), and inserts into the neck of the stapes. [WP,unvetted]." "0001599" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001600" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001600" "tensor tympani" "The larger of the two muscles of the tympanic cavity, is contained in the bony canal above the osseous portion of the auditory tube. Its role is to dampen sounds produced from chewing. It arises from the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube and the adjoining part of the great wing of the sphenoid, as well as from the osseous canal in which it is contained. Passing backward through the canal, it ends in a slender tendon which enters the tympanic cavity, makes a sharp bend around the extremity of the septum, known as the processus cochleariformis[1], and is inserted into the manubrium of the malleus, near its root[WP]." "0001600" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001601" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001601" "extra-ocular muscle" "Skeletal muscle derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements." "0001601" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001602" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001602" "medial rectus extraocular muscle" "The medial rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. As with most of the muscles of the orbit, it is innervated by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). This muscle shares an origin with several other extrinsic eye muscles, the anulus tendineus, or common tendon. It is the largest of the extraocular muscles and its only action is adduction of the eyeball. [WP,unvetted]." "0001602" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001603" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001603" "lateral rectus extra-ocular muscle" "The lateral rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of six extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eye (abduction in this case) and the only muscle innervated by the abducens nerve, cranial nerve VI. [WP,unvetted]." "0001603" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001604" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001604" "levator palpebrae superioris" "The levator palpebrae superioris (or levator muscle of upper eyelid) is the muscle in the orbit that elevates the superior (upper) eyelid. [WP,unvetted]." "0001604" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001605" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001605" "ciliary muscle" "The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]." "0001605" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001606" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001606" "muscle of iris" "." "0001606" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001607" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001607" "sphincter pupillae" "A sphincter muscle that is part of the iris." "0001607" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001608" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001608" "dilatator pupillae" "A smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris that functions as a dilator. [WP,unvetted]." "0001608" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001609" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001609" "isthmus of thyroid gland" "A narrow median bridge that joins together the lower thirds of the two lateral (right and left) lobes of the thyroid gland and usually covers the second and the third tracheal rings; the thyroid isthmus is variable in presence and size, can change shape and size, and can encompass a cranially extending pyramid lobe (lobus pyramidalis or processus pyramidalis), remnant of the thyroglossal duct" "0001609" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001610" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001610" "lingual artery" "The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery[WP]." "0001610" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001611" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001611" "sublingual artery" "A branch of the lingual artery that supplies the sublingual gland." "0001611" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001612" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001612" "facial artery" "A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]." "0001612" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001613" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001613" "occipital artery" "The occipital artery arises opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastric to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles. Other muscles it supplies are deep muscles in the back and neck. [WP,unvetted]." "0001613" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001614" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001614" "superficial temporal artery" "A major artery of the head that arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus. [WP,unvetted]." "0001614" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001615" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001615" "transverse facial artery" "The transverse facial artery is an artery that branches from the superficial temporal artery and runs across the face. [WP,unvetted]." "0001615" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001616" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001616" "maxillary artery" "An artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]." "0001616" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001617" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001617" "mental artery" "The mental branch of inferior alveolar artery escapes with the nerve at the mental foramen, supplies the chin, and anastomoses with the submental and inferior labial arteries. [WP,unvetted]." "0001617" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001618" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001618" "buccal artery" "The buccal artery (buccinator artery) is small and runs obliquely forward, between the Pterygoideus internus and the insertion of the Temporalis, to the outer surface of the Buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the external maxillary and with the infraorbital. [WP,unvetted]." "0001618" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001619" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001619" "ophthalmic artery" "The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit. It enters the orbit together with the Optic nerve through the Optic foramen/canal. [WP,modified]." "0001619" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001620" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001620" "central retinal artery" "The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball. [WP,unvetted]." "0001620" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001621" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001621" "coronary artery" "An artery that supplies the myocardium." "0001621" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001622" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001622" "lacrimal artery" "The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit. It accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of the Lateral Rectus, supplies the lacrimal gland. [WP,unvetted]." "0001622" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001623" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001623" "dorsal nasal artery" "The dorsal nasal artery (nasal artery) is an artery of the head. It is one of the two terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0001623" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001624" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001624" "anterior cerebral artery" "One of a pair of arteries on the brain that supply oxygen to most medial portions of frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. The 2 anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the Circle of Willis." "0001624" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001625" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001625" "right coronary artery" "Coronary artery which runs along the right side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the right side of the heart[Wikipedia,modified]" "0001625" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001626" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001626" "left coronary artery" "Coronary artery which runs along the left side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the left side of the heart[Wikipedia,modified]" "0001626" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001627" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001627" "middle cerebral artery" "The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired arteries that supplies blood to the cerebrum. The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices. The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis. [WP,unvetted]." "0001627" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001628" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001628" "posterior communicating artery" "One of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery." "0001628" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001629" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001629" "carotid body" "A small epithelioid structure consisting of a small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the common carotid artery that serves as a chemoreceptive organ that senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control." "0001629" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001630" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630" "muscle organ" "Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]." "0001630" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001631" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001631" "thoracic duct" "A major lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower body, left appendage, and left thorax into the junction of the left jugular and subclavian veins." "0001631" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001632" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001632" "temporal artery" "0001632" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001633" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001633" "basilar artery" "A major artery that supplues the hindbrain and runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain." "0001633" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001634" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001634" "mesencephalic artery" "The major artery of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic vein." "0001634" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001635" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001635" "superior cerebellar artery" "The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) arises near the termination of the basilar artery. It passes lateralward, immediately below the oculomotor nerve, which separates it from the posterior cerebral artery, winds around the cerebral peduncle, close to the trochlear nerve, and, arriving at the upper surface of the cerebellum, divides into branches which ramify in the pia mater and anastomose with those of the inferior cerebellar arteries. Several branches are given to the pineal body, the anterior medullary velum, and the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle. [WP,unvetted]." "0001635" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001636" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001636" "posterior cerebral artery" "The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supplies oxygenated blood to the posterior aspect of the brain in human anatomy]. It arises near the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the basilar artery and connects with the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery via the posterior communicating artery (PCommA). [WP,unvetted]." "0001636" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001637" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001637" "artery" "An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]." "0001637" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001638" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001638" "vein" "Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart." "0001638" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001639" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001639" "hepatic portal vein" "A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong]." "0001639" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001640" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001640" "celiac artery" "The first major branch of the abdominal aorta." "0001640" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001641" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001641" "transverse sinus" "one of the dural venous sinuses and drains the superior sagittal sinus the occipital sinus and the straight sinus, and empties into the sigmoid sinus which in turn reaches the jugular bulb." "0001641" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001642" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001642" "superior sagittal sinus" "The superior sagittal sinus (also known as the superior longitudinal sinus), within a human cranium, is an area above/behind the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the top of the head towards the back. It is believed that the cerebrospinal fluid drains through the arachnoid granulations into the dural venous sinuses of the superior sagittal sinus. [WP,unvetted]." "0001642" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001643" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001643" "oculomotor nerve" "Cranial nerve which connects the midbrain to the extra-ocular and intra-ocular muscles." "0001643" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001644" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001644" "trochlear nerve" "A cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles." "0001644" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001645" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001645" "trigeminal nerve" "Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw)." "0001645" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001646" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001646" "abducens nerve" "Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles." "0001646" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001647" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001647" "facial nerve" "Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches)." "0001647" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001648" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001648" "vestibulocochlear nerve" "Cranial nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain." "0001648" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001649" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001649" "glossopharyngeal nerve" "Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult)." "0001649" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001650" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001650" "hypoglossal nerve" "Cranial nerve that innervates the muscles of the tongue." "0001650" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001651" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001651" "right pulmonary artery" "The pulmonary artery that supplies the right lung." "0001651" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001652" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001652" "left pulmonary artery" "The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung." "0001652" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001653" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001653" "facial vein" "The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0001653" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001654" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001654" "supraorbital vein" "The supraorbital vein begins on the forehead where it communicates with the frontal branch of the superficial temporal vein. It runs downward superficial to the Frontalis muscle, and joins the frontal vein at the medial angle of the orbit to form the angular vein. Previous to its junction with the frontal vein, it sends through the supraorbital notch into the orbit a branch which communicates with the ophthalmic vein; as this vessel passes through the notch, it receives the frontal diploic vein through a foramen at the bottom of the notch. The areas drained by this vessel are the forehead, eyebrow and upper eyelid. [WP,unvetted]." "0001654" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001655" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001655" "submental vein" "A vein in the chin that is connected to the sublingual and anterior jugular veins and drains into the facial vein." "0001655" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001656" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001656" "retromandibular vein" "The retromandibular vein (temporomaxillary vein, posterior facial vein), formed by the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins, descends in the substance of the parotid gland, superficial to the external carotid artery but beneath the facial nerve, between the ramus of the mandible and the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. It divides into two branches: an anterior, which passes forward and unites with the anterior facial vein to form the common facial vein. a posterior, which is joined by the posterior auricular vein and becomes the external jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0001656" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001657" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001657" "superficial temporal vein" "The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted]." "0001657" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001658" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001658" "middle temporal vein" "A temporal vein that arises near the lateral angle of the eye; joins the superficial temporal veins to form the retromandibular vein." "0001658" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001659" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001659" "transverse facial vein" "a tributary of the superficial temporal or retromandibular veins, anastomosing with the facial vein." "0001659" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001660" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001660" "maxillary vein" "A vein that consists of a short trunk which accompanies the first part of the internal maxillary artery. It is formed by a confluence of the veins of the pterygoid plexus, and passes backward between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of the mandible, and unites with the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0001660" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001661" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001661" "deep temporal vein" "The blood vessels at the vertex and on either side of the head that drain deoxygenated blood into the pterygoid venous plexus." "0001661" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001662" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001662" "anterior auricular vein" "The anterior auricular veins are veins which drain the anterior aspect of the external ear. [WP,unvetted]." "0001662" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001663" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001663" "cerebral vein" "The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The external veins are the superior cerebral veins, inferior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0001663" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001664" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001664" "inferior cerebral vein" "The inferior cerebral veins, of small size, drain the under surfaces of the hemispheres. Those on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe join the superior cerebral veins, and through these open into the superior sagittal sinus. Those of the temporal lobe anastomose with the middle cerebral and basal veins, and join the cavernous, sphenoparietal, and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted]." "0001664" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001665" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001665" "triceps surae" "The triceps surae is a pair of muscles located at the calf - the gastrocnemius and the soleus. These muscles both insert into the calcaneus, the bone of the heel of the human foot, and form the major part of the muscle of the back part of the lower leg, commonly known as the calf muscle. The triceps surae is connected to the foot through the Achilles tendon, and has 3 heads deriving from the 2 major masses of muscle. The superficial portion (the gastrocnemius) gives off 2 heads attaching to the base of the femur directly above the knee. The deep (profundis) mass of muscle (the soleus) forms the remaining head which attaches to the superior posterior area of the tibia. The triceps surae is innervated by the tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5-S2. [WP,unvetted]." "0001665" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001666" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001666" "flexor digitorum longus" "The Flexor digitorum longus is situated on the tibial side of the leg. At its origin it is thin and pointed, but it gradually increases in size as it descends. This muscle serves to curl the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes (flexion of phalanges II-V). [WP,unvetted]." "0001666" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001667" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001667" "tibialis posterior" "The Tibialis posterior is the most central of all the leg muscles, and is located in the posterior compartment of the leg. It is the key stabilizing muscle of the lower leg. [WP,unvetted]." "0001667" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001668" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001668" "cerebellar vein" "A vein that drains the cerebellum." "0001668" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001669" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001669" "superior cerebellar vein" "The superior cerebellar veins pass partly forward and medialward, across the superior vermis, to end in the straight sinus and the internal cerebral veins, partly lateralward to the transverse and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted]." "0001669" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001670" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001670" "inferior cerebellar vein" "The inferior cerebellar veins are of large size, end in the transverse, superior petrosal, and occipital sinuses. [WP,unvetted]." "0001670" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001671" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001671" "temporal vein" "Any of the veins draining the temporal region." "0001671" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001672" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001672" "anterior cerebral vein" "0001672" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001673" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001673" "central retinal vein" "The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into the larger veins outside the eye. The anatomy of the veins of the orbit of the eye varies between individuals, and in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly into the cavernous sinus. [WP,unvetted]." "0001673" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001674" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001674" "masseteric vein" "A plexiform vein accompanying the masseteric artery that empty into the pterygoid venous plexus." "0001674" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001675" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001675" "trigeminal ganglion" "The cranial ganglion that is associated with and extends fibers into the trigeminal nerve." "0001675" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001676" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001676" "occipital bone" "the bone at the lower, posterior part of the skull" "0001676" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001677" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001677" "sphenoid bone" "An unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended." "0001677" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001678" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001678" "temporal bone" "the large, irregular bone located at the base and side of the skull; consists of three parts at birth: squamous, tympanic, and petrous" "0001678" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001679" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001679" "ethmoid bone" "A bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that makes up the orbit of the eye[WP]" "0001679" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001680" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001680" "lacrimal bone" "the irregularly thin plate that forms part of the medial wall of the orbit behind the frontal process of the maxilla" "0001680" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001681" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001681" "nasal bone" "One of two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, 'the bridge' of the nose[WP]. Paired dermal bones, likened to a bone tube, positioned lateral to the supraethmoid. Nasal bones are transversed by the anterior most part of the supraorbital canals and bear one neuromast foramen in zebrafish[ZFA]." "0001681" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001682" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001682" "palatine bone" "A paired dermal bone situated in the mid-palate[Palaeos]." "0001682" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001683" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001683" "jugal bone" "the quadrilateral bone that forms the prominence of the cheek" "0001683" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001684" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001684" "mandible" "A dentary bone that is the only bone in one of the lateral halves of the lower jaw skeleton." "0001684" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001685" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001685" "hyoid bone" "A horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. [WP,modified]." "0001685" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001686" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001686" "auditory ossicle bone" "One of 3 small bones contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth. The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. The term 'ossicles' literally means 'tiny bones' and commonly refers to the auditory ossicles, though the term may refer to any small bone throughout the body. [WP,unvetted]." "0001686" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001687" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001687" "stapes bone" "The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which is attached to the incus laterally and to the fenestra ovalis, the 'oval window' medially. The oval window is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body. The stapes transmits the sound vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the inner ear inside the fenestra ovalis. The stapes is also stabilized by the stapedius muscle, which is innervated by the facial nerve. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the bone homologous to the stapes is usually called the columella; however, in reptiles, either term may be used[WP,unvetted]." "0001687" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001688" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001688" "incus bone" "The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna. The incus transmits sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. The incus only exists in mammals, and is derived from a reptilian upper jaw bone, the quadrate bone. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted]." "0001688" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001689" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001689" "malleus bone" "The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer. It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus. The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted]." "0001689" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001690" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001690" "ear" "Sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals." "0001690" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001691" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001691" "external ear" "Part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It typically consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull[GO]." "0001691" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001692" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001692" "basioccipital bone" "One of the bones of the occiput, the part of the skull which articulates with the spine. The basioccipital is located (if present) ventral to the foramen magnum. It often rests on or articulates with the basisphenoid, as well as meeting the exoccipitals. The basioccipital usually forms most (sometimes all) of the occipital condyle(s) and the ventral margin of the foramen magnum." "0001692" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001693" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001693" "exoccipital bone" "Paired cartilage bone that bears a large foramen (lateral occipital foramen). Contacts the supraoccipital dorsally, the epiotic laterally and the basioccipital ventrally. Forms the posterior hind margin of the cranium and borders the lateral and posterior margins of the forum (foramen) magnum." "0001693" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001694" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001694" "petrous part of temporal bone" "The petrous portion of the temporal bone or pyramid is pyramidal and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones. Directed medially, forward, and a little upward, it presents for examination a base, an apex, three surfaces, and three angles, and contains, in its interior, the essential parts of the organ of hearing. The petrous portion is among the most basal elements of the skull and forms part of the endocranium.[WP,unvetted]." "0001694" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001695" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001695" "squamous part of temporal bone" "A bone which is fused with the temporal bone in many mammals and forms part of the cheek region articulating with quadrate and pterygoid in other vertebrates." "0001695" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001697" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001697" "orbit of skull" "Subdivision of skeleton that is an anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye. Includes bones formed and located in sclerotic layer of eyeball." "0001697" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001698" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001698" "foramen ovale of skull" "one of the larger of the several holes at the base of the skull that transmit nerves through the skull. The foramen ovale is situated in the anterior part of the sphenoid bone, posteriolateral to the foramen rotundum.." "0001698" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001699" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001699" "sensory root of facial nerve" "The nervus intermedius, or intermediate nerve, is the part of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) located between the motor component of the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII). It contains the sensory and parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve. Upon reaching the facial canal, it joins with the motor root of the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion. [WP,unvetted]." "0001699" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001700" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001700" "geniculate ganglion" "the group of sensory neuron cell bodies associated with the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve)" "0001700" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001701" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001701" "glossopharyngeal ganglion" "The group of neuron cell bodies associated with the ninth cranial nerve." "0001701" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001702" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001702" "eyelash" "Any of the hairs that grow at the edge of the upper or lower eyelid." "0001702" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001703" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001703" "neurocranium" "Subdivision of skeletal system that surrounds and protects the brain. Includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof." "0001703" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001704" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001704" "obsolete viscerocranium" "." "0001704" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001705" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001705" "nail" "A horn-like keratin structure covering the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanges of fingers and toes[WP]." "0001705" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001706" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001706" "nasal septum" "The nasal septum separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils. It is depressed by the Depressor septi nasi muscle. [WP,unvetted]." "0001706" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001707" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001707" "nasal cavity" "An anatomical cavity that is part of the olfactory apparatus. This includes the space bounded anteriorly by the nares and posteriorly by the choanae, when these structures are present." "0001707" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001708" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001708" "jaw skeleton" "Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons." "0001708" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001709" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001709" "upper jaw region" "Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]." "0001709" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001710" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001710" "lower jaw region" "Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]." "0001710" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001711" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001711" "eyelid" "A fold of skin that covers and protects part of the eyeball. Examples: upper eyelid, lower eyelid, nictitating membrane" "0001711" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001712" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001712" "upper eyelid" "0001712" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001713" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001713" "lower eyelid" "0001713" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001714" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001714" "cranial ganglion" "the groups of nerve cell bodies associated with the twelve cranial nerves" "0001714" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001715" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001715" "oculomotor nuclear complex" "Nuclear complex containing subnuclei that give rise to the axons of the occulomotor nerve, both motor and parasympathetic fibers, situated at the midline at the level of the superior colliculus in the midbrain tegmentum (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 533-534)." "0001715" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001716" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001716" "secondary palate" "The part of the palate formed from the fusion of the two palatine shelves, extensions of the maxillary prominences." "0001716" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001717" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001717" "spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve" "Nucleus extending from the upper spinal cord through the pontine tegmentum that receives sensory inputs from the trigeminal nerve. It is continuous caudally with the dorsal gray matter of the spinal cord." "0001717" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001718" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001718" "mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve" "Elongated nucleus located in the midbrain tegmentum that receives proprioceptive input from both teh extraocular and the masticatory muscles. Contrary to the general rule, the cell bodies that give rise to these sensory fibers are located within the mesencephalic nucleus rather than in a peripheral ganglion. Some of the sensory fibers in the mesencephalic root give off collaterals to the trigeminal motor nucleus, thereby providing the anatomic basis for the monosynaptic jaw reflex. (Heimer, L. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed. 1996, page 248)." "0001718" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001719" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001719" "nucleus ambiguus" "A region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper medulla. It receives upper motor neuron innervation directly via the corticobulbar tract This nucleus gives rise to the efferent motor fibers of the vagus nerve terminating in the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, as well as to the efferent motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) terminating in the stylopharyngeus. [WP,unvetted]." "0001719" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001720" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001720" "cochlear nucleus" "Any of the nuclei of the cochlear nuclear complex." "0001720" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001721" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001721" "inferior vestibular nucleus" "The inferior vestibular nucleus is the vestibular nucleus which lies near the fourth ventricle. [WP,unvetted]." "0001721" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001722" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001722" "medial vestibular nucleus" "The medial vestibular nucleus is one of the vestibular nuclei. It is located in the medulla oblongata. Lateral vestibulo-spinal tract (lateral vestibular nucleus 'Deiters')- via ventrolateral medulla and spinal cord to ventral funiculus (lumbo-sacral segments). Ipsilaterally for posture Medial vestibulo-spinal tract (medial, lateral, inferior, vestibular nuclei), bilateral projection via descending medial longitudinal fasciculus to cervical segments. DESCENDING MLF. Bilaterally for head/neck/eye movements [WP,unvetted]." "0001722" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001723" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001723" "tongue" "A muscular organ in the floor of the mouth." "0001723" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001724" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001724" "sphenoidal sinus" "One of the paired paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the sphenoid bone and communicating with the highest meatus of the nasal cavity on the same side[MESH]. The sphenoidal sinuses (or sphenoid) contained within the body of the sphenoid vary in size and shape; owing to the lateral displacement of the intervening septum they are rarely symmetrical. The following are their average measurements: vertical height, 2.2 cm. ; transverse breadth, 2 cm. ; antero-posterior depth, 2.2 cm. [WP,unvetted]." "0001724" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001725" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001725" "cranial synchondrosis" "The cartilaginous joints of the skull; these include sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis, sphenooccipital synchondrosis, sphenopetrosal synchondrosis, petrooccipital synchondrosis, anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis and posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis." "0001725" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001726" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001726" "papilla of tongue" "0001726" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001727" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001727" "taste bud" "A specialized receptor organ that is a collection of cells spanning the gustatory epithelium." "0001727" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001728" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001728" "nasopharynx" "the section of the pharynx that lies above the soft palate" "0001728" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001729" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001729" "oropharynx" "the portion of the pharynx that lies between the soft palate and the upper edge of the epiglottis" "0001729" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001730" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001730" "extrinsic ligament of larynx" "0001730" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001731" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001731" "cavity of pharynx" "A anatomical space that is enclosed by a pharynx." "0001731" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001732" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001732" "pharyngeal tonsil" "the lymph tissue in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx" "0001732" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001733" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001733" "soft palate" "The muscular, non-bony arch-shaped posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate." "0001733" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001734" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001734" "palatine uvula" "Conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers." "0001734" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001735" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001735" "tonsillar ring" "the circular lymphoid tissue formed by the lingual, pharyngeal, and facial tonsils" "0001735" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001736" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001736" "submandibular gland" "Either of the paired compound tubuloalveolar (aka tubuloacinar) major salivary glands composed of both serous and mucous secretory cells and situated beneath the mandible." "0001736" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001737" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001737" "larynx" "A continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration." "0001737" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001738" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001738" "thyroid cartilage" "the largest of the laryngeal cartilages" "0001738" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001739" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001739" "laryngeal cartilage" "The cartilaginous structures that support the larynx." "0001739" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001740" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001740" "arytenoid cartilage" "the paired triangular laryngeal cartilages located postlaterally at the level of the thyroid cartilage" "0001740" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001741" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001741" "corniculate cartilage" "The corniculate cartilages (cartilages of Santorini) are two small conical nodules consisting of yellow elastic cartilage, which articulate with the summits of the arytenoid cartilages and serve to prolong them posteriorly and medially. They are situated in the posterior parts of the aryepiglottic folds of mucous membrane, and are sometimes fused with the arytenoid cartilages. [WP,unvetted]." "0001741" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001742" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001742" "epiglottic cartilage" "The most superior of the laryngeal cartilages, which is found at the root of the tongue and folds back over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing." "0001742" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001743" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001743" "ligament of larynx" "A ligament that is part of a larynx and connexts the cartilages of the larynx" "0001743" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001744" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001744" "lymphoid tissue" "Portion of connective tissue with various types of white blood cells enmeshed in it, most numerous being the lymphocytes[WP]." "0001744" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001745" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001745" "secondary nodular lymphoid tissue" "A lymphoid follicle that contains a germinal center." "0001745" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001746" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001746" "capsule of thyroid gland" "0001746" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001747" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001747" "parenchyma of thyroid gland" "A parenchyma that is part of a thyroid follicle [Automatically generated definition]." "0001747" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001748" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001748" "capsule of parathyroid gland" "The dense and irregular connective tissue capsule surrounding a parathyroid gland." "0001748" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001749" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001749" "parenchyma of parathyroid gland" "A parenchyma that is part of a parathyroid gland [Automatically generated definition]." "0001749" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001750" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001750" "lacrimal apparatus" "A network of orbital structures of the eye that secrete and drain tears from the surface of the eyeball into the nasal cavity; these parts include the lacrimal glands, lacrimal lake, lacrimal ducts, lacrimal canals, lacrimal sacs, nasolacrimal ducts, and lacrimal puncta." "0001750" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001751" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001751" "dentine" "Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular." "0001751" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001752" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001752" "enamel" "A dentine-like hypermineralized substance that covers the tooth tip. Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxylapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Unlike dentin and bone, enamel does not contain collagen. Instead, it has two unique classes of proteins called amelogenins and enamelins[WP]." "0001752" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001753" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001753" "cementum" "Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument." "0001753" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001754" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001754" "dental pulp" "The part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP]." "0001754" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001755" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001755" "distal part of styloid process of temporal bone" "A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and tympanohyal[biology-online]. The interhyal is a small rod-like element that connects the ventral and dorsal parts of the hyoid arch. It articulates laterally with the posterior end of the epihyal and medially at the cartilaginous junction between the hyomandibula and the symplectic. It remains cartilaginous in adult zebrafish and other cypriniforms[ZFA]." "0001755" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001756" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001756" "middle ear" "The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window)[GO]." "0001756" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001757" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001757" "pinna" "The part of the ear that projects from the head, connecting to the external acoustic meatus." "0001757" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001758" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001758" "periodontium" "The tissues that invest or help to invest and support the teeth, including the periodontal ligament, gingivae, cementum, and alveolar and supporting bone[BTO]." "0001758" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001759" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001759" "vagus nerve" "Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart)." "0001759" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001760" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001760" "frontal sinus" "The frontal sinus occupies the dorsal part of the skull medial to the orbit. It overlaps cranial and nasal cavities and is often referred to as the conchofrontal sinus. ." "0001760" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001761" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001761" "future foramen cecum" "A thickened and indented region in the midline in the floor of the rostral part of the pharyngeal region of the foregut, located between the second and third branchial arches that is the first indication of the thyroid primordium. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.132]" "0001761" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001762" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001762" "turbinate bone" "the small curved bones that extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal passage" "0001762" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001763" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001763" "odontogenic papilla" "A condensation of odontoblasts that forms the part of a tooth germ that gives rise to dentin and pulp in the mature tooth. It lies below a cellular aggregation known as the enamel organ." "0001763" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001764" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001764" "maxillary sinus" "One of the paired paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the maxilla, communicating with the middle meatus of the nasal cavity." "0001764" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001765" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001765" "mammary duct" "Epithelial tube that transports milk[GO]." "0001765" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001766" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001766" "anterior chamber of eyeball" "the space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens" "0001766" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001767" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001767" "posterior chamber of eyeball" "the ring-like space, filled with aqueous humor, between the iris/pupil anteriorly and the lens and ciliary body posteriorly" "0001767" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001768" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001768" "uvea" "the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited]." "0001768" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001769" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001769" "iris" "the adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye" "0001769" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001770" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001770" "lacrimal canaliculus" "The part of the lacrimal duct that connects the lacrimal punctum to the lacrimal sac." "0001770" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001771" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001771" "pupil" "the central circular aperture of the iris through which light rays enter the eye" "0001771" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001772" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001772" "corneal epithelium" "the smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea" "0001772" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001773" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001773" "sclera" "Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP]." "0001773" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001774" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001774" "skeletal muscle of trunk" "A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region." "0001774" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001775" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001775" "ciliary body" "the thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes" "0001775" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001776" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001776" "optic choroid" "vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]." "0001776" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001777" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001777" "substantia propria of cornea" "the lamellated connective tissue of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes" "0001777" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001778" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001778" "ciliary epithelium" "A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor." "0001778" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001779" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001779" "iris stroma" "The delicate vascular connective tissue that lies between the anterior surface of the iris and the pars iridica retinae." "0001779" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001780" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001780" "spinal nerve" "the any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified]" "0001780" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001781" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001781" "layer of retina" "Any of the layers that make up the retina[MP]." "0001781" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001782" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001782" "pigmented layer of retina" "A monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina; develops from the outer of the two layers of the optic cup[ZFA]. the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells[WP]." "0001782" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001783" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001783" "optic disc" "The optic disc or optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve. There are no light sensitive rods or cones to respond to a light stimulus at this point. This causes a break in the visual field called 'the blind spot' or the 'physiological blind spot'. The optic nerve head in a normal human eye carries from 1 to 1.2 million neurons from the eye towards the brain. [WP,unvetted]." "0001783" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001784" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001784" "obsolete macula lutea" "0001784" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001785" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001785" "cranial nerve" "Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord." "0001785" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001786" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001786" "fovea centralis" "A depression in the inner retinal surface within the macula lutea, the photoreceptor layer of which is entirely cones and which is specialized for maximum visual acuity" "0001786" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001787" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001787" "photoreceptor layer of retina" "The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell receptor segments reside." "0001787" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001788" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001788" "outer limiting layer of retina" "The row of jucntional complexes between the plasma membranes of rod segments and the Muller glia cells; this barrier separates the layer of inner and outer segments of the rods and cones from the outer nuclear layer and forms a blood-retina barrier[MP]." "0001788" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001789" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001789" "outer nuclear layer of retina" "The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside." "0001789" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001790" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001790" "outer plexiform layer of retina" "The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the photoreceptor cells[ZFA]. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells[GO]." "0001790" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001791" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001791" "inner nuclear layer of retina" "Cytoarchitectural layer of retina containing closely packed cell bodies, the majority of which are bipolar cells (adapted from Wikipedia)." "0001791" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001792" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001792" "ganglionic layer of retina" "Cytoarchitectural layer of retina that contains somata of retinal ganglion cells, bounded by the stratum opticum and the inner plexiform layer" "0001792" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001793" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001793" "nerve fiber layer of retina" "layer of the retina formed by expansion of the fibers of the optic nerve" "0001793" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001794" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001794" "inner limiting layer of retina" "The row of fused Muller cell processes and astrocytes that separates the retinal nerve fiber layer from the vitreous[MP]." "0001794" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001795" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001795" "inner plexiform layer of retina" "Cytoarchitectural layer of the retina that is made up of a dense reticulum of fibrils formed by interlaced dendrites of retinal ganglion cells and cells of the inner nuclear layer (adapted from Wikipedia)" "0001795" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001796" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001796" "aqueous humor of eyeball" "A thick watery refractive medium that fills the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]." "0001796" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001797" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001797" "vitreous humor" "A transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina" "0001797" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001798" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001798" "vitreous body" "Gelatinous mucoid tissue that is composed of vitreous humor and fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina[MP,modified]" "0001798" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001799" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001799" "vitreous chamber of eyeball" "The chamber in the eyeball enclosing the vitreous humor, bounded anteriorly by the lens and ciliary body and posteriorly by the posterior wall of the eyeball[BTO,modified]." "0001799" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001800" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001800" "sensory ganglion" "The clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons, interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells." "0001800" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001801" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001801" "anterior segment of eyeball" "any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive)" "0001801" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001802" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001802" "posterior segment of eyeball" "any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive)" "0001802" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001803" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001803" "epithelium of lens" "A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye." "0001803" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001804" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001804" "capsule of lens" "the elastic, clear, membrane-like structure, that is outer most layer of the lens" "0001804" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001805" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001805" "autonomic ganglion" "ganglion that has dendrites that form a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. There are two subtypes, sympathetic ganglion and parasympathetic ganglion." "0001805" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001806" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001806" "sympathetic ganglion" "A ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples: paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia, which include the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia" "0001806" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001807" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001807" "paravertebral ganglion" "Trunk ganglion which is part of a bilaterally paired set of sympathetic ganglia located anterior and lateral to the spinal cord." "0001807" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001808" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001808" "parasympathetic ganglion" "Ganglion containing neurons that receive innervation from parasympathetic neurons in the central nervous system and subserves parasympathetic functions through innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands." "0001808" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001809" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001809" "enteric ganglion" "." "0001809" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001810" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001810" "nerve plexus" "Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA]." "0001810" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001811" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001811" "conjunctiva" "the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the front of the eyeball" "0001811" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001812" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001812" "palpebral conjunctiva" "A thin transparent mucous membrane that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and is continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva at the conjunctival fornicies." "0001812" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001813" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001813" "spinal nerve plexus" "an intermingling of fiber fascicles from adjacent spinal nerves to form a network." "0001813" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001814" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001814" "brachial nerve plexus" "An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine where it proceeds through the neck then the axilla and into the arm where it innervates skin and muscle. [WP,modified]." "0001814" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001815" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001815" "lumbosacral nerve plexus" "An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine that travels to the pelvic appendage where it innervates skin and muscle." "0001815" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001816" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001816" "autonomic nerve plexus" "A nerve plexus that is part of an autonomic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]." "0001816" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001817" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001817" "lacrimal gland" "The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, located in or near the orbital region, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.[WP]." "0001817" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001818" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001818" "tarsal gland" "A modified lobulated sebaceous gland at the rim of an eyelid, responsible for the supply of meibum." "0001818" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001819" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001819" "palpebral fissure" "Orifice separating upper and lower eyelids. In the human adult this measures about 10mm vertically and 30 mm horizontally. It can be reduced in size in fetal alcohol syndrome. In Trisomy 9 the palpebral fissures can be upslanting. [WP,modified]." "0001819" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001820" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001820" "sweat gland" "any of the coil glands of the skin that secrete sweat" "0001820" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001821" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001821" "sebaceous gland" "A holocrine gland that secretes sebum into the hair follicles, or in hairless areas into ducts.[MP]." "0001821" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001822" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001822" "orbital septum" "A membranous sheet that acts as the anterior boundary of the orbit. It extends from the orbital rims to the eyelids[WP]." "0001822" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001823" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001823" "nasal cartilage" "One of the cartilage structures in the nose that provide form and support[WP]." "0001823" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001824" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001824" "mucosa of larynx" "The mucous lining of the larynx, which is composed of squamous epithelium in the upper larynx and ciliated columnar epithelium in the lower larynx." "0001824" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001825" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001825" "paranasal sinus" "the paired air-filled cavities surrounded by the bones of the face that are lined by mucous membranes and are continuous with the nasal cavity" "0001825" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001826" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001826" "nasal cavity mucosa" "The mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity[MP]." "0001826" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001827" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001827" "secretion of lacrimal gland" "Aqueous substance secreted by the lacrimal gland." "0001827" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001828" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001828" "gingiva" "The fibrous investing tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth[Glossary of Periodontal Terms 2001]." "0001828" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001829" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001829" "major salivary gland" "One of the three largest glands of the oral cavity that secrete most of the saliva, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands." "0001829" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001830" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001830" "minor salivary gland" "One of the smaller, largely mucus-secreting, exocrine glands of the oral cavity, consisting of the labial, buccal, molar, lingual, and palatine glands[MP]." "0001830" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001831" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001831" "parotid gland" "The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing. [WP,unvetted]." "0001831" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001832" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001832" "sublingual gland" "the small mucin-producing salivary glands in the floor of the mouth beneath the tongue, anterior to the submandibular gland" "0001832" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001833" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001833" "lip" "One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth." "0001833" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001834" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001834" "upper lip" "Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO]." "0001834" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001835" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001835" "lower lip" "Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO]." "0001835" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001836" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836" "saliva" "A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions." "0001836" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001837" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001837" "duct of salivary gland" "The duct of a salivary gland." "0001837" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001838" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001838" "sublingual duct" "A duct of a sublingual gland." "0001838" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001839" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001839" "bony labyrinth" "A system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted]." "0001839" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001840" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001840" "semicircular canal" "One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP]." "0001840" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001841" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001841" "anterior semicircular canal" "0001841" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001842" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001842" "posterior semicircular canal" "The posterior semicircular canal is a part of the vestibular system and detects rotations of the head in the sagittal plane." "0001842" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001843" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001843" "lateral semicircular canal" "0001843" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001844" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001844" "cochlea" "the spiral-shaped bony canal in the inner ear containing the hair cells that transduce sound. Its core component is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. [WP,modified]." "0001844" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001845" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001845" "perilymph" "Transudate contained in the osseous labyrinth outside the membranous labyrinth.[FMA]" "0001845" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001846" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001846" "internal ear" "Complex labyrinthine structure that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation." "0001846" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001847" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001847" "lobule of pinna" "The soft lower part of the external ear, projecting below the antitragus." "0001847" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001848" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001848" "auricular cartilage" "cartilage of the pinna and much of the external ear canal." "0001848" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001849" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001849" "membranous labyrinth" "Organ with organ cavity which consists of the vestibular labyrinth and the cochlear labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth is lodged within the bony labyrinth and has the same general form; it is, however, considerably smaller and is partly separated from the bony walls by a quantity of fluid, the perilymph.[FMA, WP]" "0001849" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001850" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001850" "lacrimal drainage system" "A collection of channels that connects the conjunctival sac with the nasal cavity, encompassing the lacrimal ducts, the lacrimal sac and the naso-lacrimal duct." "0001850" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001851" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001851" "cortex" "Outermost layer of an organ[WP]." "0001851" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001852" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001852" "endolymph" "Transudate contained within the membranous labyrinth.[FMA]" "0001852" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001853" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001853" "utricle of membranous labyrinth" "the larger of the two otolith organs in the vestibule" "0001853" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001854" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001854" "saccule of membranous labyrinth" "the smaller of the two otolith organs in the vestibule" "0001854" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001855" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001855" "cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth" "An endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively. Houses the organ of Corti[WP]." "0001855" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001856" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001856" "semicircular duct" "Any of the three loop-shaped membranous inner tubular parts of the semicircular canals that are about one-fourth the diameter of the corresponding outer bony canals, that communicate at each end with the utricle, and that have near one end an expanded ampulla containing an area of sensory epithelium" "0001856" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001857" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001857" "anterior semicircular duct" "0001857" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001858" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001858" "posterior semicircular duct" "The semicircular canals are three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear. The three canals are the horizontal semicircular canal (also known as the lateral semicircular canal), superior semicircular canal (also known as the anterior semicircular canal), and the posterior semicircular canal. The canals are aligned approximately orthogonally to one another. The horizontal canal is aligned roughly horizontally in the head. The superior and anterior canals are aligned roughly at a 45 degree angle to a vertical plane drawn from the nose to the back of the skull. Thus, the horizontal canal detects horizontal head movements (such as when doing a pirouette), while the superior and posterior canals detect vertical head movements. Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains a motion sensor with little hairs whose ends are embedded in a gelatinous structure called the cupula. As the skull twists in any direction, the endolymph is thrown into different sections of the canals. The cilia detect when the endolymph rushes past, and a signal is then sent to the brain. The semicircular canals are a component of the Labyrinth. Among species of mammals, the size of the semicircular canals is correlated with their type of locomotion. Specifically, species that are agile and have fast, jerky locomotion have larger canals relative to their body size than those that move more cautiously." "0001858" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001859" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001859" "lateral semicircular duct" "0001859" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001860" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001860" "endolymphatic duct" "the small membranous canal, connecting with both saccule and utricle of the membranous labyrinth, passing through the aqueduct of vestibule, and terminating in the endolymphatic sac" "0001860" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001861" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001861" "ductus reuniens" "The canalis reuniens of Hansen is part of the human inner ear. It connects the lower part of the saccule to the ductus cochlearis near its vestibular extremity." "0001861" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001862" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001862" "vestibular labyrinth" "The part of the membranous labyrinth that includes the utricle and saccule lodged within the vestibule and the semicircular ducts lodged eccentrically in the corresponding canals." "0001862" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001863" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001863" "scala vestibuli" "the division of the spiral canal of the cochlea lying on the apical side of the spiral lamina and vestibular membrane" "0001863" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001864" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001864" "scala tympani" "the division of the spiral canal of the cochlea lying on the basal side of the spiral lamina" "0001864" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001865" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001865" "cartilaginous external acoustic tube" "0001865" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001866" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001866" "sebum" "Fatty lubricant matter secreted by sebaceous glands, and made of made of triglyceride oils, wax, squalene, and metabolytes of fat-producing cells[BTO,WP]." "0001866" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001867" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001867" "cartilage of external ear" "A cartilage that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition]." "0001867" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001868" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001868" "skin of chest" "A zone of skin that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." "0001868" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001869" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001869" "cerebral hemisphere" "One of two bilateral, largely symmetrical organ subdivisions within the telencephalon which contain the cerebral cortex and cerebral white matter.[FMA]" "0001869" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001870" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001870" "frontal cortex" "Anterior portion of the neocortex, lying anterior to the central sulcus in humans. It is bounded by the parietal cortex posteriorly and the temporal cortex laterally[NIFSTD,modified]." "0001870" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001871" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001871" "temporal lobe" "Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH)" "0001871" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001872" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001872" "parietal lobe" "Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH)" "0001872" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001873" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001873" "caudate nucleus" "Subcortical nucleus of telecephalic origin consisting of an elongated gray mass lying lateral to and bordering the lateral ventricle. It is divided into a head, body and tail in some species." "0001873" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001874" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001874" "putamen" "Subcortical nucleus of telencephalic , which together with the caudate nucleus, forms the striatum. The putamen lies lateral to the internal capsule and medial to the external medullary lamina, and is separated from the caudate nucleus by the fibers of the internal capsule for most of its length, except at its anterior portion." "0001874" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001875" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001875" "globus pallidus" "Subcortical nucleus, functionally part of the basal ganglia, which consists of two segments the external (or lateral) and internal (or medial) separated by the medial medullary lamina in primates. In rodents, The globus pallidus lateral is separated from the medial segment by the fibers of the internal capsule/cerebral peduncle." "0001875" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001876" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001876" "amygdala" "Subcortical brain region lying anterior to the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe and anterior to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in some species. It is usually subdivided into several groups. Functionally, it is not considered a unitary structure (MM)." "0001876" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001877" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001877" "medial septal nucleus" "Cells lying generally in front of Regional_part_of_septal_nuclei, lying ventral to and slightly medial to the lateral septal nucleus. Neurons in this nucleus give rise to the bulk of efferents from the septal nuclei. A major projection from the medial septal nucleus terminates in the hippocampal formation (Adapted from Brodal, 1981)." "0001877" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001878" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001878" "septofimbrial nucleus" "0001878" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001879" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001879" "nucleus of diagonal band" "A brain structure that is part of the septal nuclear complex. It is connected with the hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala." "0001879" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001880" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001880" "bed nucleus of stria terminalis" "A brain structure in the forebrain wrapped around the stria terminalis. It's largest extent can be found around the crossing of the anterior commissure[INCF]." "0001880" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001881" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001881" "island of Calleja" "One of the seven small groups of granule cells in the polymorph layer of the olfactory tubercle and one large group, the insula magna, which lies along the border between septum, nucleus accumbens and nucleus of the diagonal band." "0001881" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001882" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001882" "nucleus accumbens" "A region of the brain consisting of a collection of neurons located in the forebrain ventral to the caudate and putamen. (caudoputamen in rodent) and continuous with these structures. There is no distinct boundary between the nucleus accumbens and the caudate/putamen, but in rodents, it can be identified by its lack of traversing fiber bundles in comparison to the dorsal striatum. Its principle neuron is the medium spiny neuron. Together with the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), the nucleus accumbens forms the striatum." "0001882" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001883" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001883" "olfactory tubercle" "Region in the ventral telencephalon, prominent in rodents, but present in all mammals, consisting of a laminated cortical part and the cap/hilus region. It is traditionally viewed as part of the olfactory cortex but recognized by some as having a striatal character. According to many authors, the structure of the OT transitions from cortical like to striatal like along the lateral medial axis. (Maryann Martone)" "0001883" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001884" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001884" "phrenic nerve" "A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium." "0001884" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001885" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001885" "dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation" "Part of the hippocampal formation forming a 'V' or 'U' shaped structure with the opening bounded by hippocampal area CA3. It consists of 3 layers from superficial to deep: molecular, granule cell and polymorphic or hilar layer." "0001885" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001886" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001886" "choroid plexus" "A network formed by blood vessels and the tela choroidea which secretes CSF into the ventricular spaces." "0001886" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001887" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001887" "internal capsule of telencephalon" "White matter regional part of brain which is flanked by nuclear masses, consisting of both afferent and efferent fibers projecting between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem and spinal cord. It consists of three distinct parts: an anterior limb, posterior limb, and genu. (Adapted from MSH by Maryann Martone)." "0001887" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001888" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001888" "lateral olfactory stria" "White matter tract that contains projections from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex (Maryann Martone)." "0001888" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001889" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001889" "trunk of phrenic nerve" "0001889" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001890" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001890" "forebrain" "The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon." "0001890" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001891" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001891" "midbrain" "The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]." "0001891" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001892" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001892" "rhombomere" "A segment of the developing hindbrain[ZFA]. In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure.[WP]." "0001892" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001893" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001893" "telencephalon" "Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres." "0001893" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001894" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001894" "diencephalon" "The division of the forebrain that develops from the foremost primary cerebral vesicle." "0001894" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001895" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001895" "metencephalon" "Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified]." "0001895" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001896" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001896" "medulla oblongata" "Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]." "0001896" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001897" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001897" "dorsal plus ventral thalamus" "Subcortical brain region consisting of paired gray matter bodies in the dorsal diencephalon and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle of the brain. The thalamus represents the major portion of the diencephalon and is commonly divided into cellular aggregates known as nuclear groups.(MeSH). The dorsal topographic division of the interbrain. The macrodissected adult human thalamus was clearly illustrated by Vesalius in 1543 and the term as defined here was introduced by His in 1893. It includes the traditional epithalamus, dorsal thalamus, and ventral thalamus of Herrick (1910, pp. 494, 498). Also see Kuhlenbeck (1927, Ch. 9) and Jones (1985, p. 87)." "0001897" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001898" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001898" "hypothalamus" "A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. [ZFA]. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).[Wikipedia]." "0001898" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001899" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001899" "epithalamus" "Most dorsal part of the thalamus, comprising the pineal gland and habenular nuclei in most vertebrates. In a few vertebrates, it also includes the parietal eye. (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed, 2005, pg. 345-346." "0001899" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001900" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001900" "ventral thalamus" "Anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the dorsal thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis[GO, modified]." "0001900" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001901" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001901" "epithelium of trachea" "the epithelial lining of the trachea which contains numerous ciliated cells" "0001901" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001902" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001902" "epithelium of small intestine" "An epithelium that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0001902" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001903" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001903" "thalamic reticular nucleus" "The thalamic reticular nucleus is part of the ventral thalamus that forms a capsule around the thalamus laterally. It is separated from the thalamus by the external medullary lamina. Reticular cells are GABAergic, and have discoid dendritic arbors in the plane of the nucleus. Thalamic Reticular Nucleus is variously abbreviated TRN, RTN, NRT, and RT. [WP,unvetted]." "0001903" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001904" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001904" "habenula" "A segment of the epithalamus that has as its parts the habenular nuclei and the habenular commissure[FMA,modified]." "0001904" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001905" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001905" "pineal body" "A midline, cone like structure located in the dorso-caudal roof of the 3rd ventricle, attached by peduncles to the habenular and posterior commissures. The stalk contains nerve fibers, blood vessels, connective tissue and parenchymal cells (Paxinos, The Rat Central Nervous System, 2nd ed, pg 399)." "0001905" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001906" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001906" "subthalamic nucleus" "The subthalamic nucleus is the lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function[GO]." "0001906" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001907" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001907" "zona incerta" "The zona incerta is a horizontally elongated region of gray matter cells in the subthalamus below the thalamus. Its connections project extensively over the brain from the cerebral cortex down into the spinal cord. Its function is unknown though several have been proposed related to 'limbic-motor integration' such as controlling visceral activity and pain; gating sensory input and synchronizing cortical and subcortical brain rhythms. Its dysfunction may play a role in central pain syndrome. It is also been identified as a promising deep brain stimulation therapy target for treating Parkinsons Disease. Its existence was first described by Auguste Forel in 1877 as a 'region of which nothing certain can be said'. A hundred and thirty years later in 2007, Nadia Urbain and Martin Deschênes of Université Laval noted that the 'zona incerta is among the least studied regions of the brain; its name does not even appear in the index of many textbooks. ' [WP,unvetted]." "0001907" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001908" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001908" "optic tract" "Diencephalic white matter (tract) which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm[ZFA]. Predominantly white matter structure found in diencephalon consisting of fibers originating in the retina. The optic tract is considered to extend from the point of the optic chiasm and terminates largely, although not exclusively, in the lateral geniculate complex. Other fibers end in the superior colliculus and other structures in the diencephalon, midbrain and brainstem (MM)[NIF]." "0001908" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001909" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001909" "habenular commissure" "A brain commissure that is situated in front of the pineal gland and connects the habenular nucleus on one side of the diencephalon with that on the other side." "0001909" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001910" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001910" "medial forebrain bundle" "The Medial forebrain bundle (MFB), is a complex bundle of axons coming from the basal olfactory regions, the periamygdaloid region, and the septal nuclei, and passing to the lateral hypothalamus, with some carrying on into the tegmentum. It contains both ascending and descending fibers. It also represents a part of the mesolimbic pathway, carrying information between the ventral tegmentum and the nucleus accumbens. It is commonly accepted that the MFB is a part of the reward system, involved in the integration of reward and pleasure. Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle is believed to cause sensations of pleasure. This hypothesis is based upon intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) studies. Animals will work for MFB ICSS, and humans report that MFB ICSS is intensely pleasurable. This is most likely because the medial forebrain bundle carries information from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (nAcc or Acb). The nAcc is a recognized reward center, and activation of the pathway from the VTA to the nAcc is believed to be rewarding, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the hedonic highway. [WP,unvetted]." "0001910" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001911" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001911" "mammary gland" "A specialized accessory gland of the skin of mammals that secretes milk. The gland is typically only developed in females, and regresses in males." "0001911" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001912" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001912" "lobule of mammary gland" "Organ component of the mammary gland which consists of an aggregate of mammary alveoli that communicate with a lobular lactiferous duct.[FMA]" "0001912" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001913" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001913" "milk" "An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation." "0001913" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001914" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001914" "colostrum" "The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates." "0001914" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001915" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001915" "endothelium of capillary" "An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Automatically generated definition]." "0001915" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001916" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001916" "endothelium of arteriole" "An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]." "0001916" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001917" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001917" "endothelium of artery" "An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]." "0001917" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001918" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001918" "endothelium of venule" "An endothelium that is part of a venule [Automatically generated definition]." "0001918" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001919" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001919" "endothelium of vein" "An endothelium that is part of a vein [Automatically generated definition]." "0001919" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001920" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001920" "paraventricular nucleus of thalamus" "The nucleus paraventricularis anterior thalami and nuclues paraventricularis posterior thalami, two of the nuclei mediani thalami; they are situated on the dorsomedial wall of the thalamus, juxtaposed to the third ventricle." "0001920" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001921" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001921" "reuniens nucleus" "0001921" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001922" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001922" "parafascicular nucleus" "0001922" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001923" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001923" "central medial nucleus" "A small cell group in the interthalamic adhesion of the thalamus that occupy the midline region of the internal medullary lamina, between the left and right paracentral nuclei." "0001923" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001924" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001924" "paracentral nucleus" "one of the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, located medial to the central lateral nucleus." "0001924" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001925" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001925" "ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus" "The ventral lateral nucleus (VL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]." "0001925" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001926" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001926" "lateral geniculate body" "the group of neurons that serve as the primary processor of visual information received from the retina via the optic tract and send processed information to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe" "0001926" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001927" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001927" "medial geniculate body" "Nuclear complex of the thalamus situated on the caudal, subpial aspect of the thalamus (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 622)." "0001927" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001928" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001928" "preoptic area" "Area of the forebrain between the anterior commissure and optic chiasm." "0001928" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001929" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001929" "supraoptic nucleus" "The supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a nucleus of magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of the mammalian brain. The nucleus is situated at the base of the brain, adjacent to the optic chiasm. [WP,unvetted]." "0001929" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001930" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001930" "paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus" "Nucleus in the anterior part of the hypothalamus. (MSH) * one of the magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei, an elongated plate of large, deeply staining cells located close to the third ventricle in the anterior hypothalamic area; major source of oxytocin and to a lesser extent, of antidiuretic hormone, neurohormones, which are carried to the neurohypophysis along the paraventriculohypophysial tract. (CSP)" "0001930" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001931" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001931" "lateral preoptic nucleus" "The lateral preoptic nucleus is lateral to the medial preoptic nucleus. It also mediates non-REM sleep onset.[WP,unvetted]." "0001931" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001932" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001932" "arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus" "The arcuate nucleus (or infundibular nucleus) is an aggregation of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus, adjacent to the third ventricle and the median eminence. The arcuate nucleus includes several important populations of neurons, including: Neuroendocrine neurons, Centrally-projecting neurons and Others. [WP,unvetted]." "0001932" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001933" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001933" "retrochiasmatic area" "0001933" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001934" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001934" "dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus" "The Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is involved in feeding, drinking, and body weight regulation. [WP,unvetted]." "0001934" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001935" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001935" "ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus" "The ventromedial nucleus (sometimes referred to as the ventromedial hypothalamus) is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. [WP,unvetted]." "0001935" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001936" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001936" "tuberomammillary nucleus" "The tuberomammillary nucleus is a subnucleus of the posterior third of the hypothalamus. It consists of, largely, histaminergic and is involved with the control of arousal, sleep and circadian rhythm. Axons of the tuberomammillary nucleus project primarily to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, basal forebrain, and hypothalamus. The projections to the cerebral cortex directly increase cortical activation and arousal, and projections to acetylcholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and dorsal pons do so indirectly, by increasing the release of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. [WP,unvetted]." "0001936" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001937" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001937" "lateral hypothalamic nucleus" "The lateral hypothalamus or lateral hypothalamic area is a part of the hypothalamus. It is concerned with hunger. Damage to this area can cause reduced food intake. Stimulating the lateral hypothalamus causes a desire to eat, while stimulating the ventromedial hypothalamus causes a desire to stop eating." "0001937" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001938" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001938" "lateral mammillary nucleus" "0001938" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001939" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001939" "medial mammillary nucleus" "0001939" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001940" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001940" "supramammillary nucleus" "0001940" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001941" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001941" "lateral habenular nucleus" "0001941" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001942" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001942" "medial habenular nucleus" "The habenular nuclei comprise a small group of nuclei that are part of the epithalamus of the diencephalon, situated at the posterior end of the thalamus, on its upper surface. The habenular nuclei are typically divided into: lateral habenular nucleus medial habenular nucleus The pineal gland is attached to the brain in this region. Nerve impulses from the habenular nuclei are transmitted to the septal nuclei via the stria medullaris, which is found on the medial surface of the thalamus." "0001942" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001943" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001943" "midbrain tegmentum" "Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN10:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]." "0001943" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001944" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001944" "pretectal region" "Nuclear complex between dorsal thalamus and optic tectum whose nuclei receive afferents primarily from the retina and the optic tectum and are involved in modulating motor behavior in response to visual input." "0001944" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001945" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001945" "superior colliculus" "Part of the midbrain tecturm consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of supeior colliculus from Wikipedia.org and Neuronames (MM)." "0001945" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001946" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001946" "inferior colliculus" "Part of the midbrain tectum, consisting of paired predominantly gray matter elevations on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain, located caudal to the superior colliculus, dorsal to the periaqueductal gray of the cerebral aqueduct and rostral to the cerebellum. According to Neuronames, the inferior colliculus comprises the central, pericentral and external nucleus and two predominantly white matter structures, the brachium of the inferior colliculus and the commissure of the inferior colliculus (MM)." "0001946" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001947" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001947" "red nucleus" "Large round nucleus located in the midbrain tegmentum, consisting of a magnocellular and parvicellular portion in most species studied." "0001947" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001948" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001948" "regional part of spinal cord" "A multi-tissue structure that is part of a spinal cord." "0001948" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001949" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001949" "gingival epithelium" "A stratified squamous epithelium consisting of a basal layer; it is keratinized or parakeratinized[BTO]." "0001949" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001950" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001950" "neocortex" "An area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture that have six layers. Starting from the cortical surface the layers are: molecular layer (I), external granular layer (II), external pyramidal layer (III), internal granular layer (IV), internal pyramidal layer (V), and multiform layer (VI). Neocortex is most prominent in the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe, less so in the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the insula. It is composed of two subdivisions: true isocortex and proisocortex (Carpenter-83)(NN)" "0001950" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001951" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001951" "epithelium of nasopharynx" "An epithelium that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0001951" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001952" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001952" "epithelium of oropharynx" "An epithelium that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0001952" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001953" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001953" "presubiculum" "A modified six-layered cortex between the subiculum and the main part of the parahippocampal gyrus." "0001953" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001954" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001954" "Ammon's horn" "A part of the brain consisting of a three layered cortex located in the forebrain bordering the medial surface of the lateral ventricle. The term hippocampus is often used synonymously with hippocampal formation which consists of the hippocampus proper or Cornu Ammonis, the dentate gyrus and the subiculum." "0001954" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001955" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001955" "epithelium of respiratory bronchiole" "An epithelium that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." "0001955" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001956" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001956" "cartilage of bronchus" "The hyaline cartilaginous structures that support the bronchi, present as irregular rings in the larger bronchi (and not as regular as in the trachea), and as small plates and islands in the smaller bronchi; as the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the smallest bronchioles[MP]." "0001956" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001957" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001957" "submucosa of bronchus" "A submucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0001957" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001958" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001958" "terminal bronchiole epithelium" "An epithelium that lines a terminal bronchiole." "0001958" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001959" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001959" "white pulp of spleen" "the parenchymatous tissue of the spleen that surrounds splenic blood vessels, consists of compact masses of lymphatic cells and is where foreign material removed from the blood is used to initiate an immune reaction that results in the production of antibodies" "0001959" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001960" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001960" "periarterial lymphatic sheath" "The area of the spleen in which T cells surround the central arteriole" "0001960" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001961" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001961" "mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue" "diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various sites of the body such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin[WP]. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes[GO]." "0001961" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001962" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001962" "gut-associated lymphoid tissue" "Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in digestive tract. includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules[GO]." "0001962" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001963" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001963" "bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue" "A diffuse collection of lymphpoid cells that participate in airway immune responses" "0001963" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001964" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001964" "least splanchnic nerve" "A thoracic nerve that nerve travels into the abdomen, where its fibers synapse in the renal ganglia." "0001964" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001965" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001965" "substantia nigra pars compacta" "Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of a densely packed region of cells, more or less dorsal to the pars reticulata, but extending into the pars reticulata in some species. The dominant neurotransmitter used by pars compacta neurons is dopamine. Pars compacta neurons are pigmented in many species (MM)." "0001965" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001966" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001966" "substantia nigra pars reticulata" "Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of loosely packed cells, generally located ventral and lateral to the pars compacta. Many cells in this region use GABA as a neurotransmitter (MM)." "0001966" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001967" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001967" "reticular lamina of epithelium" "A thin extracellular layer that sometimes lies below the basal lamina, is composed chiefly of collagenous fibers, and serves to anchor the basal lamina to underlying connective tissue." "0001967" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001968" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001968" "semen" "Organism substance that is composed of sperm cells suspended in seminal fluid." "0001968" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001969" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969" "blood plasma" "The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended." "0001969" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001970" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001970" "bile" "vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium." "0001970" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001971" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001971" "gastric juice" "." "0001971" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001972" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001972" "submucosa of esophagus" "A submucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." "0001972" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001974" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001974" "lamina propria of esophagus" "A lamina propria that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." "0001974" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001975" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001975" "serosa of esophagus" "A serous membrane that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." "0001975" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001976" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001976" "epithelium of esophagus" "the epithelial layer that lines the luminal space of the esophagus" "0001976" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001977" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977" "blood serum" "The portion of blood plasma that excludes clotting factors." "0001977" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001978" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001978" "parenchyma of pancreas" "0001978" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001979" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001979" "venule" "One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins" "0001979" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001980" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001980" "arteriole" "The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]." "0001980" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001981" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001981" "blood vessel" "A vessel through which blood circulates in the body." "0001981" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001982" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001982" "capillary" "Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules." "0001982" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001983" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001983" "crypt of Lieberkuhn" "the tubular intestinal glands found in the mucosal membranes" "0001983" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001984" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001984" "crypt of Lieberkuhn of large intestine" "A crypt of lieberkuhn that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0001984" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001985" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001985" "corneal endothelium" "A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]." "0001985" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001986" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001986" "endothelium" "A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA]" "0001986" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001987" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001987" "placenta" "organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin[GO]. The fetal portion of the placenta is known as the villous chorion. The maternal portion is known as the decidua basalis. The two portions are held together by anchoring villi that are anchored to the decidua basalis by the cytotrophoblastic shell." "0001987" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001988" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988" "feces" "Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]" "0001988" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001989" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001989" "superior cervical ganglion" "Trunk ganglion which is bilaterally paired and located at the anterior end of the sympathetic ganglion chain." "0001989" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001990" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001990" "middle cervical ganglion" "the small ganglion located at the level of the cricoid cartilage of the laryngeal wall" "0001990" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001991" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001991" "cervical ganglion" "The cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. They consist of three paravertebral ganglia: superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion. The inferior ganglion may be fused with the first thoracic ganglion to form a single structure, the stellate ganglion. Nerves emerging from cervical sympathetic ganglia contribute to the cardiac plexus, among other things. [WP,unvetted]." "0001991" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001992" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001992" "papillary layer of dermis" "The upper layer of the dermis beneath the epidermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue[ncit,modified]." "0001992" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001993" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001993" "reticular layer of dermis" "The thicker, deeper layer of the dermis, comprised of criss-crossing collagen fibers that form a strong elastic network and also containing blood and lymph vessels, nerves and nerve endings, and hair follicles" "0001993" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001994" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001994" "hyaline cartilage tissue" "Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance." "0001994" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001995" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001995" "fibrocartilage" "Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns." "0001995" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001996" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001996" "elastic cartilage tissue" "Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers." "0001996" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001997" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001997" "olfactory epithelium" "A sensory epithelium inside the nasal cavity that is responsible for detecting odors[WP]." "0001997" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001998" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001998" "sternocostal joint" "Arthrodial joints, with the exception of the first, in which the cartilage is directly united with the sternum, and which is, therefore, a synarthrodial articulation." "0001998" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0001999" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001999" "iliopsoas" "Anatomical cluster consisting of the iliacus and the psoas major[WP]." "0001999" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002000" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002000" "gluteal muscle" "On of the muscles that make up the buttocks: the gluteus maximus muscle, gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle." "0002000" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002001" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002001" "joint of rib" "Any joint that connects a rib to another structure (or another rib). Examples: costochondral, costovertebral, interchondral, sternocostal joints." "0002001" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002002" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002002" "interchondral joint" "Interchondral Articulations (articulations of the cartilages of the ribs with each other). The contiguous borders of the sixth, seventh, and eighth, and sometimes those of the ninth and tenth, costal cartilages articulate with each other by small, smooth, oblong facets. Each articulation is enclosed in a thin articular capsule, lined by synovial membrane and strengthened laterally and medially by ligamentous fibers which pass from one cartilage to the other. Sometimes the fifth costal cartilages, more rarely the ninth and tenth, articulate by their lower borders with the adjoining cartilages by small oval facets; more frequently the connection is by a few ligamentous fibers." "0002002" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002003" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002003" "obsolete peripheral nerve" "A cable-like bundle of peripheral axons (the long, slender projections of neurons). A nerve provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses that are transmitted along each of the axons. Nerves are found only in the peripheral nervous system. In the central nervous system, the analogous structures are known as tracts[WP]." "0002003" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002004" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002004" "trunk of sciatic nerve" "0002004" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002005" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002005" "enteric nervous system" "The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation[GO]." "0002005" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002006" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002006" "cortex of lymph node" "Peripheral portion of the lymph node, underneath the capsule[WP]." "0002006" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002007" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002007" "medulla of lymph node" "The mdeullary portion of the lymph node, which contains large blood vessels, sinuses and medullary cords that contain antibody-secreting plasma cells." "0002007" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002008" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002008" "cardiac nerve plexus" "A plexus of nerves situated at the base of the heart that innervate the heart." "0002008" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002009" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002009" "pulmonary nerve plexus" "The pulmonary plexus is an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk that supplies the Bronchial tree. [WP,modified]." "0002009" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002010" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002010" "celiac nerve plexus" "A complex network of nerves located in the abdomen behind the stomach. The celiac plexus is located near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta. It is behind the stomach and the omental bursa and in front of the crura of the diaphragm, on the level of the first lumbar vertebra, L1. The plexus is formed (in part) by the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves of both sides, and also parts of the right vagus nerve. The celiac plexus proper consists of the celiac ganglia with a network of interconnecting fibers. The aorticorenal ganglia are often considered to be part of the celiac ganglia, and thus, part of the plexus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002010" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002011" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002011" "thoracodorsal artery" "The thoracodorsal artery is a branch of the subscapular artery. It travels inferiorly with the thoracodorsal nerve and supplies the latissimus dorsi. [WP,unvetted]." "0002011" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002012" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002012" "pulmonary artery" "An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood.." "0002012" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002013" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002013" "superior hypogastric nerve plexus" "The superior hypogastric plexus (in older texts, hypogastric plexus or presacral nerve) is a plexus of nerves situated on the vertebral bodies below the bifurcation of the aorta. [WP,unvetted]." "0002013" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002014" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002014" "inferior hypogastric nerve plexus" "The inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexus in some texts) is a plexus of nerves that supplies the viscera of the pelvic cavity. The inferior hypogastric plexus is a paired structure, with each situated on the side of the rectum in the male, and at the sides of the rectum and vagina in the female. [WP,unvetted]." "0002014" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002015" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002015" "kidney capsule" "the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney which is covered in a thick layer of perirenal adipose tissue that functions to provide some protection from trauma and damage" "0002015" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002016" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002016" "pulmonary vein" "Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]." "0002016" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002017" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002017" "portal vein" "A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO]." "0002017" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002018" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002018" "synovial membrane of synovial joint" "Soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints)." "0002018" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002019" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002019" "accessory XI nerve" "A cranial nerve that originates from neurons in the medulla and in the cervical spinal cord." "0002019" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002020" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002020" "gray matter" "A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons." "0002020" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002021" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002021" "occipital lobe" "Posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere (MSH)" "0002021" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002022" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002022" "insula" "Gray matter of the insular region of the neocortex. In gyrencephalic animals, it is part of the insular lobe and lies in the depths of the lateral fissure and covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. It includes Brodmann areas 13-16." "0002022" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002023" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002023" "claustrum of brain" "one of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a thin lamina of gray matter between the lentiform nucleus and the insula[BTO]. The claustrum, which is suspected to be present in all mammals, is a fairly thin (fraction of 1 mm to multiple mms) vertical curved sheet of subcortical gray matter oriented sagittally between the white matter tracts of the external capsule and extreme capsule. The claustrum is lateral to the putamen and medial to the insular cortex and is considered by some sources to be part of the basal ganglia. There are lateral and medial tracts connecting to many cortices and perhaps to the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the caudate nucleus (connections with subcortical centers are a matter of debate)[WP]." "0002023" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002024" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002024" "internal carotid nerve plexus" "The internal carotid plexus (carotid plexus) is situated on the lateral side of the internal carotid artery, and in the plexus there occasionally exists a small gangliform swelling, the carotid ganglion, on the under surface of the artery. Postganglionic sympathetic fibres ascend from the superior cervical ganglion, along the walls of the internal carotid artery, to enter the internal carotid plexus. These fibres then distribute to deep structures, which include the levator palpebrae superioris and pupillary dilator muscles. Some of the fibres from the internal carotid plexus converge to form the deep petrosal nerve. The internal carotid plexus communicates with the semilunar ganglion, the abducent nerve, and the sphenopalatine ganglion; it distributes filaments to the wall of the carotid artery, and also communicates with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]." "0002024" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002025" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002025" "stratum basale of epidermis" "the deepest layer of the epidermis, which is composed of dividing stem cells and anchoring cells" "0002025" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002026" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002026" "stratum spinosum of epidermis" "the layer of polyhedral cells in the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale; shrinkage and adhesion of these cells gives a spiny or prickly appearance" "0002026" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002027" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002027" "stratum corneum of epidermis" "the outer layer of the epidermis, consisting of several layers of flat keratinized non-nucleated cells" "0002027" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002028" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002028" "hindbrain" "The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]." "0002028" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002029" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002029" "epithelium of gall bladder" "The simple columnar epithelial lining of the gall bladder." "0002029" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002030" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002030" "nipple" "Projection of skin containing the outlets for 15-20 lactiferous ducts arranged cylindrically around the tip." "0002030" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002031" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002031" "epithelium of bronchus" "An epithelium that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0002031" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002032" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002032" "areola" "Subdivision of breast which consists of skin, connective tissue and smooth muscle bundle and modified sebaceous glands and which surrounds the nipple." "0002032" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002033" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002033" "arrector muscle of hair" "A tiny smooth muscle that connects the hair follicle with the dermis." "0002033" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002034" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002034" "suprachiasmatic nucleus" "* An ovoid densely packed collection of small cells of the anterior hypothalamus lying close to the midline in a shallow impression of the optic chiasm. (MSH) * small group of nerve cell bodies in the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus, just above the optic chiasm; influences rhythmic aspects of hypothalamic functions in many vertebrate species. (CSP)" "0002034" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002035" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002035" "medial preoptic nucleus" "The medial preoptic nucleus is bounded laterally by the lateral preoptic nucleus, and medially by the preoptic periventricular nucleus. It releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone, controls copulation in males, and is larger in males than in females.[WP,unvetted]." "0002035" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002036" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002036" "striated muscle tissue" "Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations." "0002036" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002037" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002037" "cerebellum" "Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]." "0002037" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002038" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002038" "substantia nigra" "Predominantly gray matter midbrain structure lying dorsal to the crus cerebri and ventral to the midbrain tegmentum. It is divided into a dorsal, cellularly compact region known as the pars compacta and a more ventrally located, containing more loosely packed cells, the pars reticulata. The most lateral region of the reticulata is identified as the pars lateralis (MM)." "0002038" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002039" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002039" "inferior phrenic vein" "The Inferior Phrenic Veins drain the diaphragm and follow the course of the inferior phrenic arteries; the right ends in the inferior vena cava; the left is often represented by two branches, one of which ends in the left renal or suprarenal vein, while the other passes in front of the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm and opens into the inferior vena cava. [WP,unvetted]." "0002039" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002040" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002040" "bronchial artery" "A systemic artery that supplies the lung with with oxygenated blood." "0002040" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002041" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002041" "terminal bronchus" "0002041" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002042" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002042" "lymphatic vessel endothelium" "An endothelium that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition]." "0002042" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002043" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002043" "dorsal raphe nucleus" "A large raphe nucleus extending from the anterior part of the pons through the mesencephalon; its neurons are serotoninergic[NIF]. The dorsal raphe nucleus is a part of the raphe nucleus and consists of rostral and caudal subdivisions. The rostral aspect of the dorsal raphe is further divided into interfascicular, ventral, ventrolateral and dorsal subnuclei. The projections of the dorsal raphe have been found to vary topographically, and thus the subnuclei differ in their projections. An increased number of cells in the lateral aspects of the dorsal raphe is characteristic of humans and other primates. [WP,unvetted]." "0002043" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002044" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002044" "ventral nucleus of posterior commissure" "0002044" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002045" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002045" "cuneate nucleus" "One of the dorsal column nuclei, the cuneate nucleus is a wedge-shaped nucleus in the closed part of the medulla oblongata. It contains cells that give rise to the cuneate tubercle, visible on the posterior aspect of the medulla. It lies laterally to the gracile nucleus and medial to the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the medulla. [WP,unvetted]." "0002045" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002046" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002046" "thyroid gland" "A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO]." "0002046" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002047" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002047" "pontine raphe nucleus" "The pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei. It is located in the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]." "0002047" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002048" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048" "lung" "Respiration organ that develops as an oupocketing of the esophagus." "0002048" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002049" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002049" "vasculature" "An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face." "0002049" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002050" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002050" "embryonic structure" "Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo." "0002050" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002051" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002051" "epithelium of bronchiole" "An epithelium that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." "0002051" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002052" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002052" "adrenal gland capsule" "the thick capsule of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds each adrenal gland and contains scattered elastic fibers; the capsule contains a rich plexus of blood vessels (mainly small arteries) and numerous nerve fibers; some blood vessels and nerves enter the substance of the gland in the trabeculae that extend inward from the capsule and then leave the trabeculae to enter the cortex." "0002052" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002053" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002053" "zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland" "the narrow subcapsular outer zone of the adrenal cortex where aldosterone is produced" "0002053" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002054" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002054" "zona fasciculata of adrenal gland" "the wide middle zone of the adrenal cortex that produces cortisol (hydrocortisone)" "0002054" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002055" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002055" "zona reticularis of adrenal gland" "the inner zone of the adrenal cortex that produces the enzymes that convert pregnenolone, a 21-carbon steroid, to 19-carbon steroids" "0002055" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002056" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002056" "inferior suprarenal artery" "Each renal artery gives off some small inferior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles. [WP,unvetted]." "0002056" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002057" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002057" "phrenic artery" "An artery that supplies the diaphragm" "0002057" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002058" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002058" "main ciliary ganglion" "A parasympathetic ganglion located in the posterior orbit that contains preganglionic nerves and postganglionic neurons of the oculomotor nerve, connects to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus via the oculomotor nerve and the eye muscles via the short ciliary nerve." "0002058" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002059" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002059" "submandibular ganglion" "the ganglion associated with the lingual nerve that provides postsynaptic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands" "0002059" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002060" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002060" "femoral artery" "The femoral artery is a large artery in the muscles of the thigh. It is a continuation of external iliac artery where it enters the femoral triangle at the mid inguinal point behind the inguinal ligament. It leaves femoral triangle through apex beneath the sartorius muscle. It enters the popliteal fossa by passing through the 5th osseo-aponeurotic(adductor hiatus) opening of adductor magnus where it becomes the Popliteal Artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0002060" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002061" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002061" "truncus arteriosus" "The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles." "0002061" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002062" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002062" "endocardial cushion" "The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]." "0002062" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002063" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002063" "sinus venosus" "The sinus venosus is a large cardiac chamber at the inflow tract that receives venous blood from systemic circulation. precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart." "0002063" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002064" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002064" "common cardinal vein" "Either of a pair of large transverse venous sinuses that conduct blood from the cardinal veins to the sinus venosus of the vertebrate embryo[BTO]." "0002064" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002065" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002065" "posterior cardinal vein" "One of two paired cardinal veins that return blood from the body of the embryo[Kardong]" "0002065" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002066" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002066" "umbilical vein" "The umbilical vein is a blood vessel present during fetal development that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the growing fetus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002066" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002067" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002067" "dermis" "The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]." "0002067" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002068" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002068" "urachus" "A fibrous remnant of the allantoic stalk, a narrow fetal canal connecting the apex of the urinary bladder with the umbilicus located in the space of Retzius, between the transversalis fascia anteriorly and the peritoneum posteriorly. its lumen is normally obliterated during development, transforming the urachus into a solid cord, a functionless remnant that persists throughout life as the median umbilical ligament; failure of complete lumen obliteration may result in distinct congenital urachal remnant anomalies[MP]." "0002068" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002069" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002069" "stratum granulosum of epidermis" "the layer of flattened cells containing basophilic granules of keratohyalin and lying just above the stratum spinosum (spiny layer) of the epidermis" "0002069" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002070" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002070" "superior pancreaticoduodenal artery" "The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the duodenum and pancreas. It is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery, which comes from the common hepatic artery of the celiac trunk. The common hepatic itself becomes the proper hepatic after giving off the gastroduodenal artery and goes on to supply the right and left lobes of the liver. The term superior distinguishes the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. These arteries, together with the pancreatic branches of the splenic artery, form connections or anastomoses with one another, allowing blood to perfuse the pancreas and duodenum through multiple channels. The artery splits into two branches: the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the anterior margins of the duodenum and pancreas the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the posterior margins of these organs [WP,unvetted]." "0002070" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002071" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002071" "stratum lucidum of epidermis" "The layer of lightly staining corneocytes found between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum layers; found primarily in the thick epidermis of the palmar and plantar skin and is composed of three to five layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes." "0002071" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002072" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002072" "hypodermis" "Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]." "0002072" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002073" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002073" "hair follicle" "A tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open[GO]." "0002073" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002074" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002074" "hair shaft" "The main part of the hair which is composed of trichocytes and is divided into the cortex and medulla." "0002074" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002075" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002075" "viscus" "An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen." "0002075" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002076" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002076" "cuticle of hair" "smooth and glossy outer protective cell layer of hair shaft" "0002076" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002077" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002077" "cortex of hair" "A cortex that is part of a hair [Automatically generated definition]." "0002077" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002078" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002078" "right cardiac atrium" "A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve." "0002078" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002079" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002079" "left cardiac atrium" "A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve." "0002079" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002080" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002080" "heart right ventricle" "A cardiac ventricle that is in the right side of the heart." "0002080" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002081" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002081" "cardiac atrium" "Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart." "0002081" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002082" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002082" "cardiac ventricle" "Cardiac chamber through which blood leaves the heart." "0002082" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002083" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002083" "ductus venosus" "The vascular channel in the fetus passing through the liver and joining the umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava." "0002083" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002084" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002084" "heart left ventricle" "A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart." "0002084" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002085" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002085" "interatrial septum" "A cardiac septum that divides the left and right atria of the heart." "0002085" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002086" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002086" "sinoatrial valve" "A valve at the opening of the sinus venosus into the primordial atrium[TFD,modified]" "0002086" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002087" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002087" "atrioventricular canal" "The part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle[ZFA]. In the developing heart, the constriction between the atrium and ventricle constitutes the atrial canal, and indicates the site of the future atrioventricular valves[WP]." "0002087" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002088" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002088" "lateral thoracic vein" "The lateral thoracic vein is a tributary of the axillary vein. It runs with the lateral thoracic artery and drains the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle. Normally, the thoracoepigastric vein exists between this vein and superficial epigastric vein (a tributary of femoral vein), to act as a shunt for blood if the portal system (through the liver) develops hypertension or a blockage. [WP,unvetted]." "0002088" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002089" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002089" "thoracodorsal vein" "companion vein of the thoracodorsal artery, draining the apical part of the latissimus dorsi and merging with the circumflex scapular vein to form a subscapular vein" "0002089" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002090" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002090" "postcranial axial skeleton" "The postcranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]." "0002090" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002091" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002091" "appendicular skeleton" "Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]." "0002091" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002092" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002092" "brain dura mater" "The fibrous membrane forming the outer of the three coverings that surrounds the brain within the cranial cavity; consists of two layers including the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer." "0002092" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002093" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002093" "spinal dura mater" "A dura mater that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]." "0002093" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002094" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002094" "interventricular septum" "Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA]" "0002094" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002095" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002095" "mesentery" "Anatomical organ component composed of a double layer of serous membrane that suspends a viscus from the body wall or connects adjacent viscera and in doing so conveys blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to and from the viscera. Examples: greater omentum, broad ligament of uterus, sigmoid mesocolon." "0002095" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002097" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002097" "skin of body" "The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis." "0002097" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002098" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002098" "apex of heart" "The apex of the heart is the lowest superficial part of the heart. It is directed downward, forward, and to the left, and is overlapped by the left lung and pleura. [WP,unvetted]." "0002098" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002099" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002099" "cardiac septum" "The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles." "0002099" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002100" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002100" "trunk" "Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present." "0002100" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002101" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002101" "limb" "A paired appendage that is evolved from a paired fin. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the girdle and its parts." "0002101" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002102" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002102" "forelimb" "A (free) limb that is connected to a pectoral girdle. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its parts." "0002102" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002103" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002103" "hindlimb" "A (free) limb that is connected to a pelvic girdle region. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its parts." "0002103" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002104" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002104" "visual system" "The sensory system subserving the sense of vision." "0002104" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002105" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002105" "vestibulo-auditory system" "Sensory system responsible for the perception of spatial orientation and auditory stimuli." "0002105" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002106" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002106" "spleen" "the organ that functions to filter blood and to store red corpuscles and platelets" "0002106" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002107" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107" "liver" "An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]." "0002107" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002108" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002108" "small intestine" "Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]." "0002108" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002109" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002109" "pair of nares" "Pair of nostrils." "0002109" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002110" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002110" "gall bladder" "An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]." "0002110" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002111" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002111" "artery smooth muscle tissue" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]." "0002111" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002112" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002112" "smooth muscle of esophagus" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." "0002112" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002113" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113" "kidney" "A paired organ of the urinary tract which has the production of urine as its primary function." "0002113" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002114" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002114" "duodenum" "The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one)." "0002114" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002115" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115" "jejunum" "the portion of the small intestine that extends from the duodenum to the ileum" "0002115" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002116" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002116" "ileum" "the portion of the small intestine that extends from the jejunum to the colon" "0002116" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002118" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002118" "right ovary" "An ovary that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." "0002118" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002119" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002119" "left ovary" "An ovary that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." "0002119" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002120" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002120" "pronephros" "In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensible for larval life[GO]." "0002120" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002122" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002122" "capsule of thymus" "The fibrous connective tissue surrounding the thymus." "0002122" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002123" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002123" "cortex of thymus" "the outer part of a thymus lobule that surrounds the medulla and is composed of closely packed lymphocytes" "0002123" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002124" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002124" "medulla of thymus" "Medullary portion of thymus. The reticulum is coarser than in the cortex, the lymphoid cells are relatively fewer in number, and there are found peculiar nest-like bodies, the concentric corpuscles of Hassall. These concentric corpuscles are composed of a central mass, consisting of one or more granular cells, and of a capsule formed of epithelioid cells. They are the remains of the epithelial tubes, which grow out from the third branchial pouches of the embryo to form the thymus. Each follicle is surrounded by a vascular plexus, from which vessels pass into the interior, and radiate from the periphery toward the center, forming a second zone just within the margin of the medullary portion. In the center of the medullary portion there are very few vessels, and they are of minute size." "0002124" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002125" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002125" "thymus lobule" "A lobule that is part of a thymus. Divided into an outer cortex and inner medulla and separated from each other by connective tissue septa, but with the medullary tissue continuous from lobule to lobule.[ncit,modified]." "0002125" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002126" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002126" "solitary tract nuclear complex" "The solitary tract and nucleus are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) cranial nerves. [WP,unvetted]." "0002126" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002127" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002127" "inferior olivary complex" "largest nucleus situated in the olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata. It is closely associated with the cerebellum, but its specific function is voluntary body movements." "0002127" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002128" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002128" "superior olivary complex" "A a collection of brainstem nuclei that functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system." "0002128" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002129" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002129" "cerebellar cortex" "The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum. It consists of three main layers, the molecular layer, the Purkinje cell layer and the granule cell layer." "0002129" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002130" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002130" "cerebellar nuclear complex" "The gray matter nuclei located in the center of the cerebellum, embedded in the white matter, which receive inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory (glutamatergic) inputs from mossy fiber pathways; all output fibers of the cerebellum originate from the these nuclei[MP]" "0002130" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002131" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002131" "anterior lobe of cerebellum" "the region of the cerebellum that is anterior to the primary fissure" "0002131" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002132" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002132" "dentate nucleus" "the largest and most lateral of the deep cerebellum nuclei; it receives axons of Purkinje cells in the lateral cerebellar hemisphere (neocerebellum) and receives its afferents from the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor cortex through the pontocerebellar system, and its efferents project through the superior cerebellar peduncle and is a major source of its fibers" "0002132" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002133" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002133" "atrioventricular valve" "A cardial valve in the atrioventricular region that separates the atrium from the ventricle and prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole." "0002133" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002134" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002134" "tricuspid valve" "An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the right atrium." "0002134" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002135" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002135" "mitral valve" "An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the left atrium." "0002135" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002136" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002136" "hilus of dentate gyrus" "Layer of the dentate gyrus lying deep to the granule cell layer, within the opening of the C or V formed by the granule cell layer characterized by loosely packed polymorphic cells" "0002136" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002137" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002137" "aortic valve" "Cardiac valve which has as its parts the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps, attached to the fibrous ring of aortic valve.[FMA]" "0002137" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002138" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002138" "habenulo-interpeduncular tract" "White matter tract containing fibers projecting from the habenular nuclei to the interpeduncular nucleus (Maryann Martone)" "0002138" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002139" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002139" "subcommissural organ" "The subcommissural organ is a circumventricular organ consisting of ependymal cells which secrete SCO-spondin[WP,partially vetted]." "0002139" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002140" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002140" "parabigeminal nucleus" "Cholinergic cell group that is located ventral to the brachium of the inferior colliculus (in rat) and has reciprocal connectivity with the superior colliculus (Adapted from Paxinos, The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, 1995, pg 865" "0002140" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002141" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002141" "parvocellular oculomotor nucleus" "Nucleus that is part of the oculomotor nerve complex consisting of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons situated close to the midline at the level of the superior colliculus (Heimer, the Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 1994, pg 244)" "0002141" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002142" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002142" "pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus" "The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) (or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, PPTN) is located in the brainstem, caudal to the substantia nigra and adjacent to the superior cerebellar peduncle. It is composed by a wide variety of neurochemical cell types, including cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic cells. In the classical sense, the PPN is considered to be one of the main components of the reticular activating system. [WP,unvetted]." "0002142" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002143" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002143" "dorsal tegmental nucleus" "0002143" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002144" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002144" "peripeduncular nucleus" "A group of neuron cell bodies that form a thin, caplike configuration over the dorsolateral aspect of the crus cerebri; many of its cells are acetylcholinesterase positive." "0002144" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002145" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002145" "interpeduncular nucleus" "0002145" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002146" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002146" "pulmonary valve" "the semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery." "0002146" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002147" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002147" "reticulotegmental nucleus" "The tegmental pontine reticular nucleus (or pontine reticular nucleus of the tegmentum) is an area within the floor of the midbrain. This area is known to affect the cerebellum with its axonal projections. These efferent connections have been proven to project not only ipsilaterally, but also to decussate and project to the contralateral side of the vermis. It has also been shown that the projections from the tegmenti pontis to the cerebellar lobes are only crossed fibers. The n.r. tegmenti pontis also receives afferent axons from the cerebellum. This nucleus is known for its large amount of multipolar cells and its particularly reticular structure. The n.r. tegmenti pontis is topographically related to pontine nuclei (non-reticular), being just dorsal to them. The nucleus reticularis has been known to mediate eye movements, otherwise known as so-called saccadic movement. This makes sense concerning their connections as it would require a nucleus which receives and projects to the cerebellum to mediate that kind of complex circuitry. Also, behaviorally this makes sense as no one thinks about saccadic movements when scanning a room and the saccadic movements are not directly controlled by the cortex. The nuclei of the cerebellum are the most traditionally studied mostly because it is easy to see which nuclei degrade when the cerebellum is amputated. The neurons of the lateral reticular formation are very important for reflexes and the mediation of posture. It has been shown in cats that electrical stimulation of the reticular formation can make a standing cat lie down. Conversely if the cat is stimulated in an alternate spot it can make a lying cat stand." "0002147" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002148" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002148" "locus ceruleus" "The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID]." "0002148" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002149" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002149" "superior salivatory nucleus" "Nucleus containing parasympathetic neurons giving rise to the parasympathetic division of the facial nerve, innervating the salivary glands (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 703)." "0002149" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002150" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002150" "superior cerebellar peduncle" "A composite structure of the brain stem, which in NeuroNames is subdivided into the superior cerebellar peduncle of pons, the decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain (MM)." "0002150" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002151" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002151" "pontine nuclear group" "Nuclei in the basal pons, intermingled among the descending axons from the cortex, that receive neocrotcial input and give rise to many axons that cross the midline to enter the contralateral cerebellum (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed., 2005, pg 135)" "0002151" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002152" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002152" "middle cerebellar peduncle" "Regional part of medullary white matter (according to Neuronames) primarily found at the level of the pons, consisting of a very large bundle of fibers originating in the pontine nuclei projecting to the cerebellum (MM)." "0002152" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002153" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002153" "fastigial nucleus" "the most medial of the cerebellar nuclei; it receives its afferent input from Purkinje cells of the flocculonodular lobe and the vermis, and most of its efferent connections travel via the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the vestibular nuclei and to the medullary reticular formation" "0002153" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002154" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002154" "lateral reticular nucleus" "A nucleus of the lateral medullary nuclear complex." "0002154" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002155" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002155" "gigantocellular nucleus" "Nucleus located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. The PGL was originally identified by cytoarchitectural criteria in the human medulla (Olszewski and Baxter, 1954). In humans, the PGL is located in the ventrolateral quadrant of the rostral medullary tegmentum between the nucleus subtrigeminalis caudally, trapezoid body and the superior olive rostrally, nucleus gigantocellularis medially, spinothalamic tract fibers laterally, inferior olive ventrally, and the nucleus ambiguous dorsally (Olszewski and Baxter, 1954). In the rat, the PGL has been further subdivided into retrofacial PGL (caudal to the facial nucleus), and more rostrally located juxtafacial PGL (medial to the facial nucleus), based upon different connectivity." "0002155" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002156" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002156" "nucleus raphe magnus" "The nucleus raphe magnus, located directly rostral to the raphe obscurus, is afferently stimulated from axons in the spinal cord and cerebellum. This makes the magnus a likely candidate for part of the motor system; however, it seems to participate in the endogenous analgesia system. The magnus receives descending afferents from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, parvocellular reticular nucleus and the prelimbic, infralimbic, medial and lateral precentral cortices . All of these brain areas influence the main function of the raphe magnus. The main function of the magnus is mostly pain mediation; in fact it sends projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to directly inhibit pain. The periaquiductal gray, the epicenter of analgesia, sends efferent connections to the nucleus raphe magnus in when it is stimulated by opiates (endogenous or otherwise). Electrical stimulation of the PAG produces analgesia, as well as administration of morphine to the PAG or n.r. magnus. The antinociceptic effects of electrical stimulation of the PAG can be blocked by administering naloxone, an opiate antagonist, to the n.r. magnus. All of this seems to indicate that the magnus is part of the endogenous opiate system, and acts to inhibit pain in the spinal cord. [WP,unvetted]." "0002156" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002157" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002157" "nucleus raphe pallidus" "The nucleus raphe pallidus receives afferent connections from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus. Also, the pallidus receives afferents from the medial preoptic area, median preoptic nucleus and lateral paragigantocellular reticular nuclei . The pallidus has recently been shown to be involved in the activation of a fever as an immunoreaction. It has been implied that the preoptic area is constantly inhibiting the raphe pallidus, especially the rostral portion, with GABA. When the preoptic area receives immune signals from the body, the inhibition stops and the rostral portion of the raphe pallidus excites the intermediolateral cell column, which induces a fever . The raphe pallidus has also been known to mediate the tachycardia response, an extremely high heart rate known to be incited by emotional or psychological stress. Microinjections of a GABA-a antagonist into the raphe pallidus, induces an increased heart rate. Conversely, microinjections of muscimol, a GABA-a agonist, inhibit tachycardia in rats under air-stress stimuli. In both of these cases, GABA is mediating two different sympathetic responses, so clearly the nucleus raphe pallidus is a far more a complex nucleus than previously thought. [WP,unvetted]." "0002157" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002158" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002158" "principal inferior olivary nucleus" "The inferior olivary nucleus that consists of the major laminar structure." "0002158" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002159" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002159" "medial accessory inferior olivary nucleus" "The inferior olivary nucleus that lies between the primary olivary nucleus and the pyramid, and forms a curved lamina, the concavity of which is directed laterally" "0002159" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002160" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002160" "nucleus prepositus" "0002160" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002161" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002161" "gracile nucleus" "Nucleus in the caudal medulla that receive projections primarily from ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion cells via the posterior column of the spinal cord" "0002161" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002162" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002162" "area postrema" "A small, rounded eminence on each side of the fourth ventricle, which receives nerve fibers from the solitary nucleus , spinal cord, and adjacent areas of the medulla. The area postrema lies outside the blood-brain barrier and its functions include acting as an emetic chemoreceptor." "0002162" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002163" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002163" "inferior cerebellar peduncle" "Regional part of medullary white matter (according to Neuronames) primarily found at the level of the open medulla, consisting of a large bundle of fibers projecting to and projecting from the cerebellum. The icp is continuous with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract and also contains a large number of fibers originating in the inferior olivary complex (MM)." "0002163" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002164" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002164" "tectobulbar tract" "A long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the optic tectum towards target cells in the premotor reticulospinal system in the hindbrain." "0002164" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002165" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002165" "endocardium" "The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]." "0002165" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002166" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002166" "endocardium of atrium" "Endocardium that is part of the atrium." "0002166" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002167" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002167" "right lung" "Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA]" "0002167" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002168" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002168" "left lung" "Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA]" "0002168" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002169" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002169" "alveolar sac" "The small terminal dilation of the alveolar ducts around which the alveoli form pocket-like clusters" "0002169" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002170" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002170" "upper lobe of right lung" "The lobe of the right lung that is closest to the head." "0002170" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002171" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002171" "lower lobe of right lung" "The lobe of the right lung that is furtherst from the head." "0002171" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002172" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002172" "alveolar atrium" "0002172" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002173" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002173" "pulmonary alveolar duct" "the respiratory conducting tubes distal to the respiratory bronchiole that lead to the alveolar sacs and the alveoli" "0002173" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002174" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002174" "middle lobe of right lung" "In the human, the right lung is divided into three lobes (as opposed to two lobes on the left), superior, middle, and inferior, by two interlobular fissures: [WP,unvetted]." "0002174" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002175" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002175" "intermediolateral nucleus" "The intermediolateral nucleus is a region of gray matter found in Rexed lamina VII of the spinal column. Rexed Lamina VII contains several well defined nuclei including the nucleus dorsalis, the intermediolateral cell column (lateral gray horn), and the sacral autonomic nucleus. It extends from the first thoracic through the third lumbar segment, and contains the autonomic motor neurons that give rise to the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system. [WP,unvetted]." "0002175" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002176" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002176" "lateral cervical nucleus" "A diffusely arranged nucleus located in the dorsal portions of the lateral funiculus at about cervical levels C1-C3; synaptic station for the spinocervicothalamic tract." "0002176" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002177" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002177" "right main bronchus" "The main bronchus on the right side." "0002177" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002178" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002178" "left main bronchus" "The main bronchus on the left side." "0002178" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002179" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002179" "lateral funiculus of spinal cord" "The lateral mass of fibers on either side of the spinal cord, between the anterolateral and posterolateral sulci." "0002179" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002180" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002180" "ventral funiculus of spinal cord" "The white substance of the spinal cord lying on either side between the ventral median fissure and the ventral roots of the spinal nerves." "0002180" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002181" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002181" "substantia gelatinosa" "Gelatinous-appearing material in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, consisting chiefly of Golgi type II neurons and some larger nerve cells, corresponding to Rexed lamina II." "0002181" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002182" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002182" "main bronchus" "One of two branches of the trachea." "0002182" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002183" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002183" "lobar bronchus" "The lobar bronchus is the major airway within the respiratory tree that starts by division of the principal bronchi on both sides and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi[GO]." "0002183" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002184" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002184" "segmental bronchus" "The tertiary bronchi (also known as the segmental bronchi) arise from the secondary bronchi. The respiratory epithelium lining their lumen is surrounded by a layer of smooth muscle. This layer is composed of two ribbons of smooth muscle that spiral in opposite directions. The smooth muscle layer is surrounded by irregular plates of hyaline cartilage which help maintain the patency of the airway. Each of the tertiary bronchi serves a specific bronchopulmonary segment. There are 10 tertiary bronchi in the right lung, and eight in the left. The tertiary bronchi get smaller and divide into primary bronchioles. [WP,unvetted]." "0002184" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002185" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002185" "bronchus" "the upper conducting airways of the lung; these airways arise from the terminus of the trachea" "0002185" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002186" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002186" "bronchiole" "the conducting airway of the lungs found terminal to the bronchi; these structures contain neither cartilage nor mucous-secreting glands; the epithelium of the bronchioles becomes thinner with each branching" "0002186" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002187" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002187" "terminal bronchiole" "the last conducting structure of non-respiratory bronchioles; after this point, the airways have alveoli in their walls" "0002187" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002188" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002188" "respiratory bronchiole" "A bronchiole that is the first segment of the respiratory zone." "0002188" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002189" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002189" "outer cortex of kidney" "0002189" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002190" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002190" "subcutaneous adipose tissue" "A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis." "0002190" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002191" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002191" "subiculum" "Part of the hippocampal formation that is bounded by the entorhinal cortex and area CA1. It is characterized on the CA1 border by an abrupt widening of the pyramidal cell layer. A molecular layer is present that is continuous with that of CA1, although the stratum radiatum is no longer present. The stratum oriens is also not present. adapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 468)" "0002191" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002192" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002192" "ventricular system choroidal fissure" "The narrow cleft along the medial wall of the lateral ventricle along the margins of which the choroid plexus is attached; it lies between the upper surface of the thalamus and lateral edge of the fornix in the central part of the ventricle and between the terminal stria and fimbria hippocampi in the inferior horn[ZFA]." "0002192" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002193" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002193" "hemolymphoid system" "Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs." "0002193" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002194" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002194" "capsule of lymph node" "Capsule surrounding lymph node composed of connective tissue with some plain muscle fibers." "0002194" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002195" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002195" "trabecula of lymph node" "Membranous process coming from capsule of lymph node[WP]." "0002195" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002196" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002196" "adenohypophysis" "The glandular, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction[WP]. The anterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland). This lobe contains cells that produce prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and proopiomelanocortin[ZFA]." "0002196" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002197" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002197" "median eminence of neurohypophysis" "Elevation on the ventral surface of the brain located at the zone of attachment between the hypothalamic floor and the hypophysis (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed., 2005, pg. 446)." "0002197" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002198" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002198" "neurohypophysis" "The posterior part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormon." "0002198" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002199" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002199" "integument" "The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis." "0002199" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002200" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002200" "vasculature of head" "Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]." "0002200" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002201" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002201" "vasculature of trunk" "A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." "0002201" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002202" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002202" "submucosa of trachea" "A submucosa that is part of a trachea." "0002202" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002203" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002203" "vasculature of eye" "Vasculature that is part of the eye region." "0002203" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002204" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002204" "musculoskeletal system" "Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems." "0002204" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002205" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002205" "manubrium of sternum" "The cranial most segment of the sternum. Located ventrally with a quadrangular shape, wider superiorly and narrower inferiorly, it articulates with the clavicles and the first two ribs[MP,WP]." "0002205" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002206" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002206" "mammillary body" "One of two hemispherical bulges on the base of the posterior hypothalamus (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed., 2005, pg 455)." "0002206" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002207" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002207" "xiphoid process" "A cartilaginous extension to the distal part of the sternum." "0002207" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002208" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002208" "sternebra" "one of the bony segments of the sternum[TFD]." "0002208" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002209" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002209" "fibrous joint" "Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, gomphosis.[FMA]" "0002209" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002210" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002210" "syndesmosis" "Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the vertebral column and the limbs as well as articulating ossicles, are connected by skeletal ligaments or membranes. Examples: Intervertebral syndesmosis, inferior tibiofibular joint.[FMA]" "0002210" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002211" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002211" "nerve root" "A continuation of the neuron projection bundle component of a nerve inside, crossing or immediately outside the central nervous system." "0002211" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002212" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002212" "macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth" "the oval neuroepithelial sensory receptor in the anterior wall of the saccule; hair cells of the neuroepithelium support the statoconial membrane and have terminal arborizations of vestibular nerve fibers around their bodies" "0002212" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002213" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002213" "cartilaginous joint" "Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis.[FMA]" "0002213" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002214" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002214" "macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth" "the neuroepithelial sensory receptor in the inferolateral wall of the utricle; hair cells of the neuroepithelium support the statoconial membrane and have terminal arborizations of vestibular nerve fibers around their bodies; normally sensitive to linear acceleration in the longitudinal axis of the body and to gravitational influences" "0002214" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002215" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002215" "synchondrosis" "Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by hyaline cartilage. Examples: spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint.[FMA]" "0002215" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002216" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002216" "symphysis" "Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by fibrocartilage. Examples: pubic symphysis, intervertebral symphysis, manubriosternal joint.[FMA]" "0002216" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002217" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002217" "synovial joint" "Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]" "0002217" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002218" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002218" "tympanic ring" "A C-shaped membranous bone that provides physical support to the tympanic membrane. The tympanic ring develops sequentially from an initial primordium in the first branchial arch growing in a circumferential fashion around the first pharyngeal cleft into the second branchial arch (Mallo and Gridley, 1996). In most mammals, the tympanic ring exists only during embryonic life, when it coordinates proper development and positioning of the eardrum (see below), and then becomes integrated into the temporal bone[PMID]." "0002218" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002219" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002219" "subfornical organ" "Group of neurons situated on the ventral surface of the fornix at the level of the foramen of Monro in the third ventricle (adapted from Wikipedia via NIF)." "0002219" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002221" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002221" "fontanelle" "Anatomical structure that is a membranous gap between bones of the skull[TAO]. In humans: Fontanelles are soft spots on a baby's head which, during birth, enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal. The ossification of the bones of the skull cause the fontanelles to close over by a child's second birthday. The closures eventually form the sutures of the neurocranium. Although there are the two anterior and posterior fontanelles, there are two more fontanelles of interest, the mastoid fontanelle, and the sphenoidal fontanelle[WP]." "0002221" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002222" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002222" "perichondrium" "Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage." "0002222" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002223" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002223" "endolymphatic sac" "From the posterior wall of the saccule a canal, the ductus endolymphaticus, is given off; this duct is joined by the ductus utriculosaccularis, and then passes along the aquaeductus vestibuli and ends in a blind pouch, the endolymphatic sac, on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater. Studies suggest that the endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic sac perform both absorptive and secretory, as well as phagocytic and immunodefensive,functions . [WP,unvetted]." "0002223" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002224" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002224" "thoracic cavity" "The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax." "0002224" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002225" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002225" "costal arch" "The costal margin, sometimes referred to as the costal arch, is the medial margin formed by the false ribs, which in humans is from the eighth rib to the tenth rib." "0002225" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002226" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002226" "basilar membrane of cochlea" "A stiff structural element that separates two liquid-filled tubes that run along the coil of the cochlea, the scala media and the scala tympani[WP]." "0002226" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002227" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002227" "spiral organ of cochlea" "The organ of Corti (or spiral organ) is the organ in the inner ear of mammals that contains auditory sensory cells, or 'hair cells.' [WP,unvetted]." "0002227" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002228" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002228" "rib" "An intersegmental rod-shaped bone that forms in the peritoneal membrane and attach to the vertebral parapophyses." "0002228" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002229" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002229" "interparietal bone" "The bone of the cranium that lies above and anterior to the occipital bone in some mammals." "0002229" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002230" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002230" "head of rib" "The head of the rib is the end of a rib closest to the vertebral column, with which it articulates with." "0002230" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002231" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002231" "body of rib" "0002231" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002232" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002232" "olfactory gland" "Bowman's glands (aka olfactory glands, glands of Bowman) are situated in the olfactory mucosa, beneath the olfactory epithelium, in the lamina propria, a connective tissue also containing fibroblasts, blood vessels, and bundles of fine axons from the olfactory neurons. The structure of the Bowman's glands consists of an acinus in the lamina propria and a secretory duct going out through the olfactory epithelium. Electron microscopy studies show that Bowman's glands contain cells with large secretory vesicles. Bowman's glands might secrete proteins such as Lysozyme, amylase and IgA similarly to serous glands. The exact composition of the secretions from Bowman's glands is unclear, but there is evidence that Bowman's glands do not produce odorant binding protein[WP]." "0002232" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002233" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002233" "tectorial membrane of cochlea" "The overlaying membrane of the cochlear duct, an extracellular matrix of the inner ear that contacts the stereocilia bundles of specialized sensory hair cells; sound induces movement of these hair cells relative to the tectorial membrane, deflects the stereocilia, and leads to fluctuations in hair cell membrane potential, transducing sound into electrical signals[MP,modified]" "0002233" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002234" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002234" "proximal phalanx of manus" "A proximal phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." "0002234" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002235" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002235" "tubercle of rib" "The tubercle of a rib is an eminence on the posterior surface, at the junction of the neck and body of the rib, and nearer the lower than the upper border. It consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrae to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs[WP]." "0002235" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002236" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002236" "costal cartilage" "the nonvascular, resilient, flexible hyaline connective tissue that connects the end of a true rib to the sternum or the end of a false rib with the with the lower border of the costal cartilage above it" "0002236" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002237" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002237" "true rib" "A rib that is ventrally connected to the sternum." "0002237" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002238" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002238" "false rib" "A rib that is not directly ventrally connected to the sternum." "0002238" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002239" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002239" "floating rib" "A rib that is not connected to sternum or sternal cartilage." "0002239" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002240" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002240" "spinal cord" "Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO)" "0002240" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002241" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002241" "chondrocranium" "Endoskeletal elements that encase the brain, nose, inner ear[cjm]. that part of the neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification and comprising the bones of the base of the skull[TFD]." "0002241" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002242" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002242" "nucleus pulposus" "the jelly-like substance in the middle of the spinal disc which is a remnant of the notochord" "0002242" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002243" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002243" "cutaneous vein" "one of a number of veins in the subcutaneous tissue that empty into deep veins" "0002243" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002244" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002244" "premaxilla" "One of the bones of the upper jaw situated between and in front of the maxillae[VHOG]." "0002244" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002245" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002245" "cerebellar hemisphere" "A paired regions of the cerebellum that lie outside and lateral to the central vermis[MP]. The cerebellum consists of three parts, a median and two lateral, which are continuous with each other, and are substantially the same in structure. The median portion is constricted, and is called the vermis, from its annulated appearance which it owes to the transverse ridges and furrows upon it; the lateral expanded portions are named the hemispheres. The lateral hemisphere is considered the portion of the cerebellum to develop most recently. [WP,unvetted]." "0002245" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002246" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002246" "dorsal thoracic nucleus" "Two column-shaped nuclear masses formed by large cells. Clarke's nuclei are located in the regions dorsolateral to the central canal in the thoratic and upper lumbar segments." "0002246" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002247" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002247" "uterine horn" "either one of the pair of tubular extensions from the uterine body where the uterus and the uterine tubes meet; uterine horns are anterior Mullerian duct-derived structures" "0002247" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002248" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002248" "transverse pericardial sinus" "The passage between the venous and arterial mesocardia -i.e., between the aorta and pulmonary artery in front and the superior vena cava behind. Also, the sinus that forms in the pericardial cavity where the dorso-mesentary pericardium reside.[WP,unvetted]." "0002248" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002249" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002249" "median artery" "An artery found in the forearm, between the radial artery and ulnar artery. It runs with the median nerve and supplies the same structures as that nerve. It may be unilateral or bilater" "0002249" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002250" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002250" "popliteal artery" "The continuation of the femoral artery coursing through the popliteal fossa; it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries." "0002250" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002251" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002251" "iliocostalis muscle" "The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior). [WP,unvetted]." "0002251" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002252" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002252" "splenius" "A superficial postvertebral muscle innervated by the posterior ramus of the cervical spinal nerve with origins in the upper thoracic and lower cervical spinous processes whose actions are to extend and ipsilaterally rotate the head and neck. Examples: splenius capitis, splenius cervicis" "0002252" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002254" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002254" "thyroglossal duct" "An embryological anatomical structure that forms an open connection between the initial area of development of the thyroid gland and its final position; it is located exactly midline, between the anterior 2/3rds and posterior 1/3rd of the tongue; this duct normally atrophies and closes off as the foramen cecum before birth" "0002254" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002255" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002255" "vomeronasal organ" "An organ thought to supplement the olfactory system in receiving pheromonic communication. The sensory part of the organ is in two long, thin sacs, situated on either side of the nasal septum at its base." "0002255" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002256" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002256" "dorsal horn of spinal cord" "The pronounced, dorsolaterally oriented ridge of grey matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord[MP]. the dorsal (more towards the back) grey matter of the spinal cord. It receives several types of sensory information from the body, including light touch, proprioception, and vibration. This information is sent from receptors of the skin, bones, and joints through sensory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root ganglion[WP]. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input[GO]." "0002256" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002257" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002257" "ventral horn of spinal cord" "The ventral grey column of the spinal cord[MP]. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output[GO]." "0002257" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002258" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002258" "dorsal funiculus of spinal cord" "the white substance of the spinal cord lying on either side between the posterior median sulcus and the dorsal root." "0002258" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002259" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002259" "corpora quadrigemina" "Either of the two pairs of colliculi on the dorsal surface of the midbrain composed of white matter externally and gray matter within, the superior pair containing correlation centers for optic reflexes and the inferior pair containing correlation centers for auditory reflexes[BTO]." "0002259" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002260" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002260" "ventral root of spinal cord" "The ventral roots contain efferent motor axons. Similar to the dorsal roots, the ventral roots continue out from the spinal column, and meet and mix with their corresponding dorsal nerve root at a point after the ganglion." "0002260" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002261" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002261" "dorsal root of spinal cord" "The dorsal roots contain afferent sensory axons. The dorsal roots of each side continue outwards, along the way forming a dorsal root ganglion (also called a spinal ganglion)." "0002261" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002262" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002262" "celiac ganglion" "The celiac ganglia are two large irregularly shaped masses of nerve tissue in the upper abdomen. Part of the sympathetic subdivision of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the two celiac ganglia are the largest ganglia in the ANS, and they innervate most of the digestive tract. They have the appearance of lymph glands and are placed on either side of the midline in front of the crura of the diaphragm, close to the suprarenal glands (also called adrenal glands). The ganglion on the right side is placed behind the inferior vena cava. They are sometimes referred to as the semilunar ganglia or the solar ganglia. [WP,unvetted]." "0002262" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002263" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002263" "lentiform nucleus" "The lentiform nucleus or lenticular nucleus comprises the putamen and the globus pallidus within the basal ganglia. It is a large, cone-shaped mass of gray matter just lateral to the internal capsule. [WP,unvetted]." "0002263" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002264" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002264" "olfactory bulb" "A bulbous anterior projection of the olfactory lobe that is the place of termination of the olfactory nerves and is especially well developed in lower vertebrates (as fishes)[BTO]." "0002264" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002265" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002265" "olfactory tract" "White matter tract that contains projections from the olfactory bulb to other parts of the brain" "0002265" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002266" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002266" "anterior olfactory nucleus" "Laminated structure lying caudal to the olfactory bulb" "0002266" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002267" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002267" "laterodorsal tegmental nucleus" "The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (or lateroposterior tegmental nucleus) is a nucleus situated in the brainstem, spanning the midbrain tegmentum and the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]." "0002267" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002268" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002268" "olfactory organ" "An organ that houses olfactory neurons and is responsible for the sense of smell. Examples include the vertebrate nose and the Drosophila dorsal organ." "0002268" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002269" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002269" "pupillary membrane" "The pupillary membrane in mammals exists in the fetus as a source of blood supply for the lens. It normally atrophies from the time of birth to the age of four to eight weeks." "0002269" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002270" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002270" "hyaloid artery" "An artery that is part of the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens." "0002270" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002271" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002271" "periventricular zone of hypothalamus" "0002271" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002272" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002272" "medial zone of hypothalamus" "0002272" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002273" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002273" "lateral zone of hypothalamus" "0002273" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002274" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002274" "perifornical nucleus" "0002274" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002275" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002275" "reticular formation" "A composite substructure of the brainstem that consists of the midbrain reticular formation, the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 )." "0002275" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002276" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002276" "lamina of spiral limbus" "The osseous spiral lamina consists of two plates of bone, and between these are the canals for the transmission of the filaments of the acoustic nerve. On the upper plate of that part of the lamina which is outside the vestibular membrane, the periosteum is thickened to form the limbus spiralis (or limbus laminæ spiralis), this ends externally in a concavity, the sulcus spiralis internus, which represents, on section, the form of the letter C. [WP,unvetted]." "0002276" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002277" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002277" "spiral sulcus" "A concavity in the floor of the cochlear duct, formed by either the overhanging vestibular lip (inner spiral sulcus) or the spiral prominence and the spiral organ (outer spiral sulcus)." "0002277" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002278" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002278" "perilymphatic space" "The fluid-filled space separating the membranous from the osseous labyrinth." "0002278" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002279" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002279" "vestibular aqueduct" "At the hinder part of the medial wall of the vestibule is the orifice of the vestibular aqueduct, which extends to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. It transmits a small vein, and contains a tubular prolongation of the membranous labyrinth, the ductus endolymphaticus, which ends in a cul-de-sac between the layers of the dura mater within the cranial cavity. [WP,unvetted]." "0002279" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002280" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002280" "otolith" "Acellular structure composed of calcium carbonate located in the otolith organ." "0002280" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002281" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002281" "vestibular membrane of cochlear duct" "A membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It separates scala media from scala vestibuli. Together with the basilar membrane it creates a compartment in the cochlea filled with endolymph, which is important for the function of the organ of Corti. It primarily functions as a diffusion barrier, allowing nutrients to travel from the perilymph to the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth. Histologically, the membrane is composed of two layers of flattened epithelium, separated by a basal lamina. Its structure suggests that its function is transport of fluid and electrolytes." "0002281" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002282" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002282" "stria vascularis of cochlear duct" "The upper portion of the spiral ligament contains numerous capillary loops and small blood vessels, and is termed the stria vascularis. It produces endolymph for the scala media, one of the three fluid-filled compartments of the cochlea. [WP,unvetted]." "0002282" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002283" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002283" "nail matrix" "Portion of tissue (or germinal matrix) upon which the nail rests, the part of the nail bed that extends beneath the nail root and contains nerves, lymph and blood vessels. The matrix is responsible for the production of the cells that become the nail plate. The width and thickness of the nail plate is determined by the size, length, and thickness of the matrix, while the shape of the fingertip itself determines if the nail plate is flat, arched, or hooked. The matrix will continue to grow as long as it receives nutrition and remains in a healthy condition. As new nail plate cells are incubated, they emerge from the matrix round and white to push older nail plate cells forward; and in this way yet older cells become compressed, flat, and translucent, making the pink colour of the capillaries in the nail bed below visible[WP]." "0002283" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002284" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002284" "hyponychium" "Epithelium located beneath the nail plate at the junction between the free edge and the skin of the fingertip. It forms a seal that protects the nail bed." "0002284" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002285" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002285" "telencephalic ventricle" "A brain ventricle that is part of a telencephalon. In mammals and species with an evaginated telencephalon, this is one of a pair of lateral structures, one in each hemisphere" "0002285" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002286" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002286" "third ventricle" "Part of the ventricular system of the brain, forming a single large cavity in the midline of the diencephalon; it is continuous with the lateral ventricles through the interventricular foramen and the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct. (Maryann Martone)" "0002286" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002287" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002287" "optic recess of third ventricle" "Recess in third ventricle lying in front of the optic chiasm at the base of the lamina terminalis" "0002287" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002288" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002288" "choroid plexus of third ventricle" "Part of choroid plexus contained in the third ventricle" "0002288" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002289" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002289" "midbrain cerebral aqueduct" "Part of ventricular system of brain consisting of a narrow channel in the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles. (Maryann Martone)" "0002289" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002290" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002290" "choroid plexus of fourth ventricle" "Choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle" "0002290" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002291" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002291" "central canal of spinal cord" "Spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord." "0002291" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002292" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002292" "costovertebral joint" "The costovertebral joints are the articulations that connect the heads of the ribs with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae. Joining of ribs to the vertebrae occurs at two places, the head and the tubercle of the rib. Two convex facets from the head attach to two adjacent vertebrae. This forms a trochoid joint, which is strengthened by the ligament of the head and the intercapital ligament. Articulation of the tubercle is to the transverse process of the adjacent vertebrae. This articulation is reinforced by the dorsal costotransverse ligament. [WP,unvetted]." "0002292" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002293" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002293" "costochondral joint" "A bars of hyaline cartilage located between the distal part of a rib and a costal cartilage, connecting the ribs to the sternum ." "0002293" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002294" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002294" "biliary system" "Organ system subdivision that consists of the organs and ducts that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. In most species this is the gallbladder and the bile ducts (biliary tree)." "0002294" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002295" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002295" "scala media" "the division of the spiral canal of the cochlea that contains the organ of Corti (the neuroepithelial receptor organ for hearing)" "0002295" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002296" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002296" "dorsal mesentery" "The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity[ZFA]." "0002296" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002297" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002297" "cerumen" "The yellow or brown waxy secretions produced by vestigial apocrine sweat glands in the external ear canal[MESH]." "0002297" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002298" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002298" "brainstem" "Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized]." "0002298" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002299" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002299" "alveolus of lung" "Spherical outcropping of the respiratory bronchioles and primary site of gas exchange with the blood. Alveoli are particular to mammalian lungs. Different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates[WP]." "0002299" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002300" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002300" "obsolete ventricle" "A chamber of an organ with cavitated organ parts. Examples: right ventricle of heart, lateral ventricle of brain." "0002300" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002301" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002301" "layer of neocortex" "One of the layers of the neocortex." "0002301" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002302" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002302" "myocardium of atrium" "the atrial part of middle layer of the heart, comprised of involuntary muscle" "0002302" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002303" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002303" "juxtaglomerular apparatus" "An anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]. a microscopic structure in the kidney, which regulates the function of each nephron. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named for its proximity to the glomerulus: it is found between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. The three cellular components of the apparatus are the macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells (also known as granular cells)[WP]." "0002303" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002304" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002304" "layer of dentate gyrus" "One of the three layers of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation." "0002304" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002305" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002305" "layer of hippocampus" "The layers of the laminar structure of the hippocampus." "0002305" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002306" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002306" "nasal mucus" "mucus produced in the nasal cavity, by the respiratory segment of the nasal mucosa." "0002306" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002307" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002307" "choroid plexus of lateral ventricle" "Part of choroid plexus contained in the lateral ventricle" "0002307" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002308" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002308" "nucleus of brain" "A neural nucleus that is part of the brain." "0002308" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002309" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002309" "medial longitudinal fasciculus" "The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a pair of crossed fiber tracts, one on each side of the brainstem. These bundles of axons are situated near the midline of the brainstem and are composed of both ascending and descending fibers that arise from a number of sources and terminate in different areas. [WP,unvetted]." "0002309" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002310" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002310" "hippocampus fimbria" "Regional part of fornix consisting of a prominent white matter structure adjacent to the hippocampus on the ventricular side continuous with the alveus. Near the splenium the fimbria separates from the hippocampus as the crus of the fornix. [adapted from Wikipedia] (MM: 2006-10-26)." "0002310" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002311" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002311" "obsolete nodulus of cerebellum" "0002311" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002313" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002313" "hippocampus pyramidal layer" "A cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the hippocampus in which pyramidal cells are predominant. Its location is superficial to the Stratum oriens; it is deep to the Stratum radiatum in area CA1 and area CA2 and deep to the Stratum lucidum in area CA3 (Stephan-75) (NeuroNames)." "0002313" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002314" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002314" "midbrain tectum" "Dorsal part of the midbrain, consisting of the superior and inferior colliculi and the pretectal nuclei (MM)." "0002314" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002315" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002315" "gray matter of spinal cord" "The ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue." "0002315" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002316" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002316" "white matter" "Neural tissue consisting of myelinated axons connecting grey matter areas of the central nervous system." "0002316" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002317" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002317" "white matter of cerebellum" "Regional part of cerebellum consisting of the myelinated axons lying deep to the granule cell layer, excluding the deep cerebellar nuclei and the cerebellar peduncles." "0002317" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002318" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002318" "white matter of spinal cord" "The regions of the spinal cord that are largely or entirely composed of myelinated nerve cell axons and contain few or no neural cell bodies or dendrites." "0002318" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002319" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002319" "mesangium" "inner layer of the glomerulus, within the basement membrane surrounding the glomerular capillaries." "0002319" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002320" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002320" "glomerular mesangium" "A thin membrane which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus. It is connective tissue composed of mesangial cells - myofibroblasts phenotypically related to vascular smooth muscle cells (MUSCLE, SMOOTH, VASCULAR), PHAGOCYTES and the mesangial EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX." "0002320" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002321" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002321" "extraglomerular mesangium" "the tissue comprised of mesangial cells that fill the triangular space between the macula densa and the afferent and efferent arterioles of the juxtaglomerular apparatus" "0002321" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002322" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002322" "periventricular nucleus" "a thin sheet of small neurons located in the wall of the third ventricle, a composite structure of the hypothalamus." "0002322" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002323" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002323" "coelemic cavity lumen" "The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities." "0002323" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002324" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002324" "muscle of back" "Any muscle organ that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." "0002324" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002325" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002325" "epithelium of urethra" "The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The epithelium is the tubular, planar layer of cells through which the urine passes.." "0002325" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002326" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002326" "lamina propria of urethra" "A lamina propria that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]." "0002326" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002327" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002327" "trunk of intercostal nerve" "0002327" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002328" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002328" "notochord" "A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube." "0002328" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002329" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002329" "somite" "Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm." "0002329" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002330" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002330" "exocrine system" "Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]." "0002330" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002331" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002331" "umbilical cord" "The connecting cord from the developing embryo to the placenta." "0002331" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002333" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002333" "pulmonary trunk" "An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries." "0002333" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002334" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002334" "submandibular duct" "the duct of the submadibular gland that opens at the sublingual papilla near the frenulum of the tongue" "0002334" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002335" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002335" "macula densa" "The macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]." "0002335" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002336" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002336" "corpus callosum" "White matter structure containing massive numbers of commissural fibers connecting cortical areas in the two cerebral hemispheres.it is subdivided into a genu, a rostrum, a body, and a splenium. (MM)" "0002336" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002337" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002337" "endometrial stroma" "The layer of connective tissue comprised of the endometrial lining of the uterus which fluctuates in thickness throughout the menstrual cycle." "0002337" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002338" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002338" "lamina propria of bronchus" "A lamina propria that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0002338" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002339" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002339" "epithelium of lobar bronchus" "The tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus." "0002339" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002340" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002340" "epithelium of main bronchus" "An epithelium that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0002340" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002341" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002341" "epithelium of segmental bronchus" "An epithelium that is part of a segmental bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0002341" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002342" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002342" "neural crest" "A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]." "0002342" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002343" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002343" "abdomen musculature" "Set of all muscles in abdomen." "0002343" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002345" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002345" "descending thoracic aorta" "The part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest." "0002345" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002346" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002346" "neurectoderm" "Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue." "0002346" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002347" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002347" "thoracic vertebra" "A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue." "0002347" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002348" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002348" "epicardium" "a region of the serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart." "0002348" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002349" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002349" "myocardium" "the middle layer of the heart, comprised mainly of striated cardiac muscle fibers" "0002349" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002350" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002350" "conducting system of heart" "The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO]" "0002350" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002351" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002351" "sinoatrial node" "The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA]." "0002351" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002352" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002352" "atrioventricular node" "An area of conducting tissue between the atria and the ventricles of the heart that conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles." "0002352" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002353" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002353" "atrioventricular bundle" "A part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers[GO]" "0002353" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002354" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002354" "cardiac Purkinje fiber" "The cardiac Purkinje fiber is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle" "0002354" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002355" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002355" "pelvic region of trunk" "The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs." "0002355" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002356" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002356" "perineum" "Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the pelvis by the inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm and from the lower limbs by the perineofemoral lines; together with the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, it constitutes the trunk[FMA]." "0002356" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002357" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002357" "serous pericardium" "Serous membrane which is divided into parietal and visceral serous pericardium." "0002357" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002358" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002358" "peritoneum" "A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity[VHOG,modified]." "0002358" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002359" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002359" "fibrous pericardium" "Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia.[FMA]" "0002359" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002360" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002360" "meninx" "Membrane organ that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord." "0002360" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002361" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002361" "pia mater" "The innermost layer of the leptomeninges, consisting of a delicate membrane closely covering the surface of the brain and spinal cord,and lying under the arachnoid membrane. The pia, unlike the arachnoid, extends into the sulci in gyrencephalic animals." "0002361" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002362" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002362" "arachnoid mater" "A think avascular meningeal layer, between the pia mater and the dural mater. It is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space." "0002362" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002363" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002363" "dura mater" "Thick, fibrous meningeal covering surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three meningeal coverings. It consists of two layers: the periosteal dura linking the inner surface of the skull and the meningeal dura that lies above the arachnoid dural membrane. The meningeal layer draws away from the periosteal layer and certain locations to form the dural reflections." "0002363" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002364" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002364" "tympanic membrane" "A thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear, consisting of two epithelia (one part of the the external accoustic meatus epithelium, the other part of the tympanic cavity epithelium) with a fibrous layer between them. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles. Rupture or perforation of the eardrum can lead to conductive hearing loss. [WP,unvetted]." "0002364" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002365" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002365" "exocrine gland" "A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas" "0002365" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002366" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002366" "bulbo-urethral gland" "Any of the small paired racemose glands below the apex of the prostate in males, located posterolateral to the membranous portion of the urethra at the base of the penis, between the two layers of the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, in the deep perineal pouch, and enclosed by transverse fibers of the sphincter urethrae membranaceae muscle; homologous to the greater vestibular (Bartholin's) glands in the female[MP]" "0002366" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002367" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002367" "prostate gland" "The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid." "0002367" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002368" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002368" "endocrine gland" "Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified]." "0002368" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002369" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002369" "adrenal gland" "Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine[BTO]." "0002369" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002370" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002370" "thymus" "Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop." "0002370" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002371" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002371" "bone marrow" "the soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones" "0002371" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002372" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002372" "tonsil" "either of the two small almond-shaped masses of lymph tissue found on either side of the oropharynx" "0002372" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002373" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002373" "palatine tonsil" "tonsils on the left and right sides at the back of the throat. one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), located at the entrance to the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts to protect the body from the entry of exogenous material through mucosal sites[WP]." "0002373" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002374" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002374" "metacarpal bone" "A bone that is part of the metacarpal skeleton." "0002374" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002375" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002375" "cricoid cartilage" "A cartilaginous ring that provides support for the arytenoid cartilages and forms the caudal part of the larynx." "0002375" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002376" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002376" "cranial muscle" "Any skeletal muscle that is part of the head region." "0002376" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002377" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002377" "muscle of neck" "Any muscle that is part of the cervical (neck) region." "0002377" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002378" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002378" "muscle of abdomen" "Muscle (organ) which is a part of the abdomen. Examples: external oblique, rectus abdominis." "0002378" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002379" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002379" "perineal muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a perineum [Automatically generated definition]." "0002379" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002380" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002380" "trapezius muscle" "A large superficial muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and laterally to the spine of the scapula (shoulder blade). Its functions are to move the scapulae and support the arm. The trapezius has three functional regions: the superior region (descending part), which supports the weight of the arm; the intermediate region (transverse part), which retracts the scapulae; and the inferior region (ascending part), which medially rotates and depresses the scapulae. [WP,unvetted]." "0002380" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002381" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002381" "pectoralis major" "The pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the upper front of the chest wall. It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles in the male and lies under the breast in the female. Underneath the pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor, a thin, triangular muscle. [WP,unvetted]." "0002381" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002382" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002382" "rectus abdominis muscle" "The rectus abdominis muscle is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the abdomen. There are two parallel sets of muscles, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba (white line). It extends from the pubic symphysis/pubic crest inferiorly to the xiphisternum/xiphoid process and lower costal cartilages (5-7) superiorly. It is contained in the Rectus sheath. The rectus is usually crossed by three fibrous bands licked by the tendinous inscriptions. [WP,modified]." "0002382" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002383" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002383" "supraspinatus muscle" "The supraspinatus is a relatively small muscle of the upper limb that takes its name from its origin from the supraspinous fossa superior to the spine of the scapula. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of the scapula separates the supraspinatus muscle from the infraspinatus muscle, which originates below the spine. [WP,unvetted]." "0002383" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002384" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002384" "connective tissue" "Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance." "0002384" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002385" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002385" "muscle tissue" "Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]." "0002385" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002386" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002386" "forelimb zeugopod" "The middle limb segment of the pectoral free limb, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the forelimb zeugopodial skeleton, which includes as parts the radius and ulna, or their cartilage precursors, or evolutionary variants." "0002386" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002387" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002387" "pes" "distal portion of the hind limb, including tarsal region, metatarsal region and digits." "0002387" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002389" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002389" "manual digit" "A digit that is part of a manus (hand)." "0002389" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002390" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002390" "hematopoietic system" "Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells." "0002390" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002391" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002391" "lymph" "Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system through lymph capillaries[WP]." "0002391" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002392" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002392" "nasolacrimal duct" "the paired channels leading from the lacrimal sacs to the inferior meatus of the nose, through which tears are conducted through the nasal cavity" "0002392" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002393" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002393" "pharyngotympanic tube" "Organ with organ cavity which connects the cavity of the middle ear to the cavity of the pharynx. Examples: There are only two pharyngotympanic tubes, the right and the left pharyngotympanic tubes.[FMA]" "0002393" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002394" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002394" "bile duct" "Any of the ducts that form the biliary tree, carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine." "0002394" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002395" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002395" "talus" "A proximal tarsal bone resulting from fusion of intermedium and fibulare." "0002395" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002396" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002396" "vomer" "the triangular flat bone of the nasal septum" "0002396" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002397" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002397" "maxilla" "The bone which normally forms the lateral upper jaw in osteichthyans, including tetrapods." "0002397" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002398" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398" "manus" "distal segment of the fore limb, including carpal region, metacarpal region and digits." "0002398" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002399" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002399" "lesser omentum" "The double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the start of the duodenum. [WP,unvetted]." "0002399" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002400" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002400" "parietal pleura" "The outer serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural." "0002400" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002401" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002401" "visceral pleura" "The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. The visceral pleura lines the lungs." "0002401" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002402" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002402" "pleural cavity" "The fluid-filled cavity that lies between the visceral and parietal pleurae." "0002402" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002403" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002403" "internal intercostal muscle" "An intercostal muscle that aids in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process)." "0002403" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002404" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002404" "transversus thoracis" "The tranversus thoracis lies internal to the thoracic cage, anteriorly. It is a thin plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, situated upon the inner surface of the front wall of the chest. It is in the same layer as the subcostal muscles. It arises on either side from the lower third of the posterior surface of the body of the sternum, from the posterior surface of the xiphoid process, and from the sternal ends of the costal cartilages of the lower three or four true ribs. Its fibers diverge upward and lateralward, to be inserted by slips into the lower borders and inner surfaces of the costal cartilages of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs. The lowest fibers of this muscle are horizontal in their direction, and are continuous with those of the Transversus abdominis; the intermediate fibers are oblique, while the highest are almost vertical. This muscle varies in its attachments, not only in different subjects, but on opposite sides of the same subject. [WP,unvetted]." "0002404" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002405" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405" "immune system" "Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies." "0002405" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002406" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002406" "pericardial sac" "a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels." "0002406" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002407" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002407" "pericardium" "The combination of pericardial sac (a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels) plus fibrous pericardium." "0002407" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002408" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002408" "parietal serous pericardium" "Parietal serous membrane which is part of the pericardium and forms the outer layer of the pericardial sac." "0002408" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002409" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002409" "pericardial fluid" "Transudate contained in the pericardial cavity.[FMA]" "0002409" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002410" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002410" "autonomic nervous system" "The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO]." "0002410" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002411" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002411" "clitoris" "the small, erectile body located at the anterior end of the vulva" "0002411" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002412" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002412" "vertebra" "The ossified form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column." "0002412" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002413" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002413" "cervical vertebra" "A vertebra that is located in the cervical region of the vertebral column." "0002413" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002414" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002414" "lumbar vertebra" "Large vertebra of the movable part of the vertebral column, characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body." "0002414" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002415" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415" "tail" "An external caudal extension of the body. In chordates, the tail is post-anal, in other animals the anus ends in the tail" "0002415" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002416" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002416" "integumental system" "Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle." "0002416" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002417" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002417" "abdominal segment of trunk" "The abdominal segment of the torso." "0002417" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002418" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002418" "cartilage tissue" "Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts." "0002418" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002419" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002419" "skin gland" "A gland that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]." "0002419" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002420" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002420" "basal ganglion" "An individual member of a collection of basal ganglia. Basal ganglia are subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum[NIF,modified]." "0002420" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002421" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002421" "hippocampal formation" "Hippocampus (proper) plus dentate gyrus and subiculum[definition derived from NIF comments and ontology alignment]." "0002421" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002422" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002422" "fourth ventricle" "Part of the ventricular system of the brain, forming a single large irregularly shaped cavity located on the midline of the rhombencephalon, between the medulla, pons and the isthmus ventrally and the cerebellum dorsally. It is continuous with the cerebral aqueduct anteriorally and the central canal of the spinal cord posteriorly. It communicates with the subarachnoid space through its lateral and median apertures." "0002422" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002423" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002423" "hepatobiliary system" "The part of the digestive system that contains the liver and the biliary system" "0002423" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002424" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002424" "oral epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues" "0002424" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002425" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002425" "visceral serous pericardium" "Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium and is attached to the myocardium[FMA]." "0002425" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002426" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002426" "chest muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." "0002426" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002427" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002427" "arm skin" "A zone of skin that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0002427" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002428" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002428" "limb bone" "A bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." "0002428" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002429" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002429" "cervical lymph node" "Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. [WP,unvetted]." "0002429" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002430" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002430" "lateral hypothalamic area" "The lateral hypothalamus or lateral hypothalamic area is a part of the hypothalamus. It is concerned with hunger. Damage to this area can cause reduced food intake. Stimulating the lateral hypothalamus causes a desire to eat, while stimulating the ventromedial hypothalamus causes a desire to stop eating. [WP,unvetted]." "0002430" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002431" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002431" "obsolete pars anterior" "0002431" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002432" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002432" "pars intermedia of adenohypophysis" "the thin boundary between the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis of the pituitary that produces melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH); this area is small or absent in mammalian adults" "0002432" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002433" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002433" "pars tuberalis of adenohypophysis" "The pars tuberalis is part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and wraps the pituitary stalk in a highly vascularized sheath. [WP,unvetted]." "0002433" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002434" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002434" "pituitary stalk" "the apical portion of the tubular structure extending from the hypothalamus to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland" "0002434" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002435" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002435" "striatum" "A region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.[GO]." "0002435" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002436" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002436" "primary visual cortex" "A subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex in the human. Defined by the band of Gennari, which gives it the name striate (furrowed) area, it occupies the banks of the calcarine sulcus which are located in the cuneus and the lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded by the area 18 of Brodmann (human) which surrounds it ( Brodmann-1909 ). In the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) it is located on the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere[BrainInfo]." "0002436" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002437" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002437" "cerebral hemisphere white matter" "White matter that is part of a cerebral hemisphere." "0002437" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002438" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002438" "ventral tegmental nucleus" "A nucleus of brain that is part of a ventral tegmental area." "0002438" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002439" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002439" "myenteric nerve plexus" "One of two ganglionated neural networks which together form the enteric nervous system. The myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the gut. Its neurons project to the circular muscle, to other myenteric ganglia, to submucosal ganglia, or directly to the epithelium, and play an important role in regulating and patterning gut motility." "0002439" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002440" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002440" "inferior cervical ganglion" "The inferior cervical ganglion is situated between the base of the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra and the neck of the first rib, on the medial side of the costocervical artery. Its form is irregular; it is larger in size than the middle cervical ganglion, and is frequently fused with the first thoracic ganglion. [WP,unvetted]." "0002440" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002441" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002441" "cervicothoracic ganglion" "the group of neurons formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical and first thoracic ganglia" "0002441" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002442" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002442" "axillary nerve trunk" "0002442" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002443" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002443" "choroidal blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition]." "0002443" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002444" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002444" "lens fiber" "A region of the lens consisting of packed elongated enucleate cells packed with crystallin" "0002444" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002445" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002445" "ulnare" "The postaxial bone of the proximal carpal region. Found in close approximation to the ulna, often in articulation[PHENOSCAPE:ad]." "0002445" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002446" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002446" "patella" "A large sesamoid bone found in the distal femur/proximal tibial region of the hindlimb of tetrapods. The patella is the attachment site for proximal hindlimb tendons.[PHENOSCAPE:ad]" "0002446" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002447" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002447" "palatine gland" "The palatine glands form a continuous layer on its posterior surface and around the uvula. They are primarily mucous secreting glands, as opposed to serous or mixed secreting glands. [WP,unvetted]." "0002447" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002448" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002448" "fungiform papilla" "Any of the mushroom-shaped papillae, which have a single taste bud at the tip, located mostly on the dorsal anterior portion of the tongue" "0002448" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002450" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002450" "decidua" "The maternal uterine-derived portion of the placenta" "0002450" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002451" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002451" "endometrial gland" "The mucous secreting gland associated with the mucuous membrane lining the uterus." "0002451" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002453" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002453" "ethmoid sinus" "the evaginations of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity into the ethmoidal bony labyrinth, forming multiple small paranasal sinuses" "0002453" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002454" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002454" "dorsal metacarpal artery" "Aanastomosis of dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery and the dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery near the back of the wrist. It is made up of the dorsal carpal branches of both the ulnar and radial arteries. It also anastomoses with the anterior interosseous artery and the posterior interosseous artery. The arch gives off three dorsal metacarpal arteries." "0002454" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002455" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002455" "common plantar digital arteries" "." "0002455" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002456" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002456" "internal thoracic artery" "An artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries. [WP,unvetted]." "0002456" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002457" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002457" "intersomitic artery" "The small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries" "0002457" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002458" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002458" "spinal artery" "Arteries that supply the spinal cord." "0002458" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002459" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002459" "inferior palpebral vein" "A blood vessel that drains from from an lower eyelid." "0002459" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002460" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002460" "vesical vein" "A tributary of the iliac vein that drains the urinary bladder." "0002460" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002461" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002461" "anterior abdominal wall muscle" "Any skeletal muscle organ that is part of a anterior abdominal wall. Examples: the obliques, pyramidalis and transversus abdominus" "0002461" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002462" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002462" "erector spinae muscle group" "A bundle of muscles and tendons that is paired and runs more or less vertically. It extends throughout the lumbar, thoracic and cervical regions, and lies in the groove to the side of the vertebral column." "0002462" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002463" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002463" "muscle of posterior compartment of hindlimb stylopod" "Any of the posterior thigh muscles. [WP,modified]." "0002463" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002464" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002464" "nerve trunk" "0002464" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002465" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002465" "lymphoid system" "The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system[WP]." "0002465" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002466" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002466" "intestine secretion" "Clear to pale yellow watery secretions from the glands lining the small intestine walls. Secretion is stimulated by the mechanical pressure of partly digested food in the intestine." "0002466" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002467" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002467" "filiform papilla" "The filiform papillae are thin, long 'V'-shaped cones that don't contain taste buds but are the most numerous. These papillae are mechanical and not involved in gustation covering most of the dorsum (upper surface). They are small and arranged in lines parallel to the V-shaped row of circumvallate papillae, except at the tip of the tongue where they are aligned transversely. Projecting from their apices are numerous filamentous processes, or secondary papillae. These are of a whitish tint, owing to the thickness and density of the epithelium of which they are composed. This epithelium has undergone a peculiar modification as the cells have become cornified and elongated into dense, imbricated, brush-like processes. They contain also a number of elastic fibers, which render them firmer and more elastic than the papillae of mucous membrane generally. The larger and longer papillae of this group are sometimes termed papillae conicae. Fungiform papillae are found dispersed throughout the filiform papillae. [WP,unvetted]." "0002467" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002468" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002468" "foliate papilla" "Any of the papillae located on the sides of the tongue" "0002468" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002469" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002469" "esophagus mucosa" "A mucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." "0002469" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002470" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002470" "autopod region" "Terminal segment of free limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot" "0002470" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002471" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002471" "zeugopod" "The middle free limb segment, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the zeugopodial skeleton. Examples: There are two types of zeugopod: forelimb zeugopod (aka forearm), hindlimb zeugopod (aka crus)." "0002471" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002472" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002472" "stylopod" "The proximal free limb segment. Includes as parts the stylopod skeleton." "0002472" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002473" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002473" "intercerebral commissure" "A commissure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres. Examples: anterior commissure, corpus callosum." "0002473" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002474" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002474" "cerebellar peduncular complex" "A composite structure of the brain stem, which is subdivided into the superior cerebellar peduncle of pons, the decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain (MM)[NIF, based on NN]." "0002474" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002475" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002475" "saphenous nerve" "The largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. [WP,unvetted]." "0002475" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002476" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002476" "lateral globus pallidus" "The more lateral of the two segments of the globus pallidus, abutting the putamen" "0002476" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002477" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002477" "medial globus pallidus" "The more medial segment of the globus pallidus." "0002477" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002478" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002478" "orbitosphenoid" "the bone that is situated in the orbit on either side of the presphenoid; it generally forms a part of the sphenoid in the adult, and may be independent in the young" "0002478" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002479" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002479" "dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus" "The main division of the lateral geniculate body; consists of two magnocellular layers [TA] (strata magnocellularia [TA]) and four parvocellular layers [TA] (strata parvocellularia [TA]) and serves as a processing station in the major pathway from the retina to the cerebral cortex, receiving fibers from the optic tract and giving rise to the geniculocalcarine radiation to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe." "0002479" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002480" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002480" "ventral lateral geniculate nucleus" "0002480" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002481" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002481" "bone tissue" "Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts." "0002481" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002482" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002482" "lamellar bone" "Bone tissue that has a regular parallel alignment of collagen into sheets (lamellae) and is mechanically strong." "0002482" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002483" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002483" "trabecular bone tissue" "bone tissue that has a lattice-like or spongy structure; it is highly vascular and contains intercommunicating spaces filled with bone marrow" "0002483" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002484" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002484" "bone marrow cavity" "the medullary cavities of the bones where bone marrow is stored" "0002484" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002485" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002485" "prostate duct" "The minute canals that pass the prostatic secretions to the urethra." "0002485" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002486" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002486" "glottis" "the vocal apparatus of the larynx, which includes the vocal cords and the opening between them" "0002486" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002487" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002487" "tooth cavity" "the central hollow space of a tooth" "0002487" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002488" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002488" "helix of outer ear" "The helix is the prominent rim of the pinna." "0002488" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002489" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002489" "coronal suture" "the dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the tetrapod parietal bones and the frontal bone" "0002489" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002490" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002490" "frontal suture" "A suture that connects the two frontal bones of the skull." "0002490" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002491" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002491" "lambdoid suture" "the dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the parietal bones and the occipital bone" "0002491" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002492" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002492" "sagittal suture" "the dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the tetrapod parietal bones" "0002492" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002493" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002493" "uterine artery" "the branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the uterus and the upper part of the vagina" "0002493" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002494" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002494" "papillary muscle of heart" "one of the group of myocardial bundles which terminate in the chordae tendineae that attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves; each ventricle has an anterior and a posterior papillary muscle; the right ventricle sometimes has a septal papillary muscle" "0002494" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002495" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002495" "long bone" "Long bone is a limb bone that is subcylindrical and has a shaft with periosteum separating the ends of the bones. Long bones are present only in the limbs[VSAO:wd]." "0002495" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002496" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002496" "stapes base" "The flat portion of the stirrup of the ear that fits in the oval window between the middle and inner ear." "0002496" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002497" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002497" "acromion" "Region of the scapula where the latter meets with the clavicle: attachment point of the clavicle to the scapula in some taxa." "0002497" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002498" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002498" "deltopectoral crest" "a rough elevation at the middle of the lateral side of the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches" "0002498" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002499" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002499" "cochlear labyrinth" "The labyrinth is a system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. It is named by analogy with the mythical maze that imprisoned the Minotaur, because of its appearance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted]." "0002499" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002500" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002500" "zygomatic arch" "the bony arch in vertebrates that extends along the side or front of the skull beneath the eye socket and is formed by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone" "0002500" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002501" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002501" "oval window" "the oval opening on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity leading into the vestibule, close to the foot of the stapes" "0002501" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002502" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002502" "round window of inner ear" "the opening on the medial wall of the middle ear leading into the cochlea, closed in life by the secondary tympanic membrane; serves to regulate fluid pressure in the inner ear" "0002502" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002503" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002503" "greater trochanter" "The greater trochanter (great trochanter) of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system. It is directed a little lateralward and backward, and, in the adult, is about 1 cm lower than the head. Because the pelvic outlet in the female is larger than in the male, there is a greater distance between the greater trochanters in the female. It has two surfaces and four borders. [WP,unvetted]." "0002503" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002504" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002504" "lesser trochanter" "The lesser trochanter (small trochanter) of the femur is a conical eminence, which varies in size in different subjects [WP,unvetted]." "0002504" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002505" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002505" "spiral modiolar artery" "The artery which parallels the spiral ganglion in the root of the spiral lamina of the modiolus, serving the ganglion and the cochlear duct and its contents." "0002505" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002506" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002506" "iris epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]." "0002506" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002507" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002507" "abdominal lymph node" "A lymph node that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]." "0002507" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002508" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002508" "celiac lymph node" "the visceral glands that are associated with the branches of the celiac artery, including the gastric, hepatic, and pancreaticolienal (splenic) lymph nodes" "0002508" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002509" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002509" "mesenteric lymph node" "The lymph nodes located in the mesentery, of which there are 3 classes: ileocolic, juxtaintestinal mesenteric, and central superior group." "0002509" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002510" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002510" "anterior fontanel" "In humans, the anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle, frontal fontanelle) is the largest, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture; it is lozenge-shaped, and measures about 4 cm in its antero-posterior and 2.5 cm in its transverse diameter. The fontanelle allows the skull to deform during birth to ease its passage through the birth canal and for expansion of the brain after birth. While the posterior and lateral fontanelles are obliterated by about six months after birth, the anterior is not completely closed until about the middle of the second year. Full ossification starts in the late twenties and finishes before the age of 50 . [WP,unvetted]." "0002510" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002511" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002511" "trabecula carnea" "the supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the ventricles of the heart" "0002511" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002512" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002512" "corpus luteum" "A transient endocrine gland that develops from the postovulatory or atretic follicles and secretes progesterone; it is thought to be related to egg retention[PMID]." "0002512" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002513" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002513" "endochondral bone" "Replacement bone that forms within cartilage." "0002513" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002514" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002514" "intramembranous bone" "Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]." "0002514" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002515" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002515" "periosteum" "the thick fibrous membrane that closely invests the entire surface of a bone except the articular cartilage at synovial joints" "0002515" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002516" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002516" "epiphyseal plate" "A hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. The plate is found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line." "0002516" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002517" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002517" "basicranium" "The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof." "0002517" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002518" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002518" "otolith organ" "the crystalline particles composed of calcium carbonate and a protein which adhere to the gelatinous membrane of the maculae of the utricle and saccule (otolithic membrane)" "0002518" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002519" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002519" "otolithic part of statoconial membrane" "The layer of the statoconial membrane that is composed of otoliths" "0002519" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002520" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002520" "submandibular lymph node" "The submandibular lymph nodes (submaxillary glands in older texts), three to six in number, are placed beneath the body of the mandible in the submaxillary triangle, and rest on the superficial surface of the submaxillary salivary gland. One gland, the middle gland of Stahr, which lies on the external maxillary artery as it turns over the mandible, is the most constant of the series; small lymph glands are sometimes found on the deep surface of the submaxillary salivary glands. The afferents of the submaxillary glands drain the medial palpebral commissure, the cheek, the side of the nose, the upper lip, the lateral part of the lower lip, the gums, and the anterior part of the margin of the tongue. Efferent vessels from the facial and submental glands also enter the submaxillary glands. Their efferent vessels pass to the superior deep cervical glands. [WP,unvetted]." "0002520" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002521" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002521" "elastic tissue" "Connective tissue composed of elastic fibers." "0002521" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002522" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002522" "tunica media" "The middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]." "0002522" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002523" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002523" "tunica intima" "The innermost layer of a blood vessel which is a lining of endothelial cells facing the lumen[Kardong]." "0002523" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002524" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002524" "mediastinal lymph node" "A lymph node that is part of a mediastinum. Each consists of several lymph node groups, especially along the trachea (5 groups), along the esophagus and between the lung and the diaphragm. In the mediastinal lymph nodes arises lymphatic ducts, which draines the lymph to the left subclavian vein (to the venous angle in the confluence of the subclavian and deep jugular veins). The mediastinal lymph nodes along the esophagus are in tight connection with the abdominal lymph nodes along the esophagus and the stomach. That fact facilitates spreading of tumors cells through these lymphatics in cases of cancers of the stomach and particularly of the esophagus. Through the mediastinum, the main lymphatic drainage from the abdominal organs goes via the thoracic duct (ductus thoracicus), which drains majority of the lymph from the abdomen to the above mentioned left venous angle." "0002524" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002525" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002525" "brachial lymph node" "The lymph nodes located along the brachial vein that receive drainage from most of the free upper limb and send efferent vessels to the central axillary lymph nodes." "0002525" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002526" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002526" "lumbar lymph node" "The lumbar lymph nodes (paraaortic nodes) are a group of lymph nodes residing in the lumbar region. They consist of the following groups: right and left lateral aortic lymph nodes preaortic lymph nodes retroaortic lymph nodes (or 'postaortic')" "0002526" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002527" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002527" "pancreatic lymph node" "A lymph node that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." "0002527" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002528" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002528" "sacral lymph node" "A lymph node located in the sacral region." "0002528" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002529" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002529" "limb segment" "A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles." "0002529" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002530" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002530" "gland" "an organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ" "0002530" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002531" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002531" "paired fin bud" "An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a paired fin. The fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]." "0002531" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002532" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002532" "epiblast (generic)" "In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]" "0002532" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002533" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002533" "post-anal tail bud" "The rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo; remnant of the primitive node." "0002533" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002534" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002534" "paired fin" "Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism." "0002534" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002535" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002535" "gill" "Anatomical surface structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains only 1/20 parts dissolved Oxygen compared to air. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. Oxygen is carried by the blood to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians." "0002535" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002536" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002536" "arthropod sensillum" "Sense organ embedded in the integument and consisting of one or a cluster of sensory neurons and associated sensory structures, support cells and glial cells forming a single organised unit with a largely bona-fide boundary.[FBbt]" "0002536" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002537" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002537" "hermaphrodite gonad" "A gonad with both testicular and ovarian aspects[WP]." "0002537" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002538" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002538" "hatching gland" "The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process[GO]. A transversely oriented set of cells located deep to the EVL on the pericardial membrane, especially prominent during pharyngula period because of the brightly refractile cytoplasmic granules (containing hatching enzymes) of the principal cells of the gland." "0002538" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002539" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002539" "pharyngeal arch" "One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches." "0002539" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002540" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002540" "lateral line system" "A line of sensory organs and associated structures along the sides of fish and amphibia that detect vibrations and pressure changes." "0002540" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002541" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002541" "germ ring" "The thickend rim of the blastoderm evident during late blastula and gastrula stages[FishBase]. Embryonic structure which is a uniform thickened annulus at the blastoderm margin, consisting of two layers in addition to the EVL, the epiblast and the hypoblast. The germ ring is formed by the involution of the blastoderm back upon itself[ZFA]" "0002541" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002542" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542" "scale" "A small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection. In lepidopteran (butterfly and moth) species, scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, and provide coloration. Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times with varying structure and function." "0002542" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002543" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002543" "obsolete median fin skeleton" "Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism." "0002543" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002544" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002544" "digit" "A subdivision of the autopod that has as part a series of phalanges together with associated vasculature, musculature, integument and nerves. It is continuous with the metapodial subdivision of the autopod, but does not include the metapodials. In species such as humans, fully formed digits are distinct, whereas in other species the digits may be connected by interdigital webbing, or may be completely unseparated (for example, in cetaceans)." "0002544" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002545" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002545" "obsolete body ganglion" "0002545" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002546" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002546" "cranial placode" "Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic." "0002546" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002547" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002547" "tadpole" "An an organism at the tadpole stage" "0002547" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002548" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002548" "larva" "A distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle." "0002548" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002549" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002549" "ventral trigeminal tract" "The Anterior trigeminothalamic tract (or ventral trigeminothalamic tract) serves as pain, temperature, and light touch pathway from the face, head and neck. It receives input from trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve. It receives discriminative tactile and pressure input from the contralateral principal sensory nucleus of CN V, which terminates in the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus. It then ascends to the contralateral sensory cortex via three neurons ." "0002549" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002550" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002550" "anterior hypothalamic region" "0002550" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002551" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002551" "interstitial nucleus of Cajal" "The largest and most prominent of the cell groups of the medial longitudinal fasciculus" "0002551" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002552" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002552" "vestibulocerebellar tract" "White matter tract containing axons arising in the vestibular ganglion primarily projecting to the ipsilateral cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle (Heimer, L. The Human Brain, 2nd ed., 1995, pg 370)." "0002552" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002553" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002553" "anatomical cavity" "Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina." "0002553" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002554" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002554" "obsolete regional part of superior colliculus" "A multi-tissue structure that is part of a superior colliculus." "0002554" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002555" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002555" "intermediate hypothalamic region" "The portion of the hypothalamus located generally internal to the region of the infundibulum." "0002555" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002556" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002556" "corticotectal tract" "0002556" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002557" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002557" "linear nucleus" "0002557" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002558" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002558" "organ cavity" "0002558" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002559" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002559" "medullary reticular formation" "The reticular formation is a series of brain nuclei located in the medulla oblongata" "0002559" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002560" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002560" "temporal operculum" "Part of temporal lobe overlaying the insular cortex" "0002560" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002561" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002561" "lumen of central nervous system" "The cavity that is enclosed by the central nervous system. In vertebrates this is the cavity that includes as parts ventricular cavities and the central canal of the spinal cord that develops from the lumen of the neura tube" "0002561" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002562" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002562" "superior frontal sulcus" "The superior frontal sulcus is a sulcus between the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002562" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002563" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002563" "central nucleus of inferior colliculus" "0002563" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002564" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002564" "lateral orbital gyrus" "0002564" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002565" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002565" "olivary pretectal nucleus" "Small distinct nucleus in the pretectum of mammals involved in the pupillary light reflect. In rats, it is an olive shaped (anterior) nucleus lying ventral to the brachium of the superior colliculus (Paxinos, The rat nervous system, 2nd ed, 1995, pg. 862). Physiologically, it is identified by neurons sensitive to luminance changes." "0002565" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002566" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002566" "superior precentral sulcus" "0002566" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002567" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002567" "basal part of pons" "Ventral subdivision of the pons which consists of the massive pontine pertuberance on pontine ventral surface." "0002567" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002568" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002568" "amiculum of dentate nucleus" "0002568" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002569" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002569" "transverse temporal sulcus" "0002569" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002570" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002570" "medial orbital gyrus" "0002570" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002571" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002571" "external nucleus of inferior colliculus" "0002571" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002572" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002572" "principal pretectal nucleus" "0002572" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002573" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002573" "pontine reticular formation" "The reticular formation is a part of the brain that is involved in actions such as awaking/sleeping cycle, and filtering incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli. It is essential for governing some of the basic functions of higher organisms, and is one of the phylogenetically oldest portions of the brain. [WP,unvetted]." "0002573" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002574" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002574" "obsolete regional part of inferior olivary complex" "A regional part of brain that is part of a inferior olivary complex [Automatically generated definition]." "0002574" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002575" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002575" "posterior orbital gyrus" "0002575" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002576" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002576" "temporal pole" "Anterior component of the temporal lobe (rostral boundary) extends caudally to the entorhinal cortex. The medial and lateral boundaries are the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the superior or inferior temporal sulci, respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." "0002576" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002577" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002577" "pericentral nucleus of inferior colliculus" "0002577" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002578" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002578" "sublentiform nucleus" "0002578" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002579" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002579" "obsolete regional part of medullary reticular formation" "A regional part of brain that is part of a medullary reticular formation [Automatically generated definition]." "0002579" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002580" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002580" "brachium of superior colliculus" "Bundle of fibers that passes over the medial geniculate nucleus (in humans) to reach the superior colliculus. Contains afferents from the retina." "0002580" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002581" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002581" "postcentral gyrus" "Component of the parietal lobe. The appearance and disappearance of the central sulcus were the rostral and caudal boundaries of the postcentral gyrus respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the lateral bank of the precentral gyrus and the lateral fissure and/or the medial bank of the superior parietal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." "0002581" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002582" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002582" "anterior calcarine sulcus" "0002582" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002583" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002583" "commissure of superior colliculus" "A commissure that is part of a superior colliculus [Automatically generated definition]." "0002583" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002584" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002584" "obsolete regional part of vestibular nuclear complex" "A regional part of brain that is part of a vestibular nuclear complex [Automatically generated definition]." "0002584" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002585" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002585" "central tegmental tract of midbrain" "0002585" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002586" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002586" "calcarine sulcus" "The calcarine fissure is an anatomical landmark located at the caudal end of the medial surface of the brain. [WP,unvetted]." "0002586" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002587" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002587" "nucleus subceruleus" "0002587" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002588" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002588" "decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle" "Regional part of superior cerebellar peduncle located in the caudal midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus, consisting of a large bundle of fibers crossing the midline. It contains fibers projecting from the deep cerebellar nucleus to the midbrain and thalamus through the superior cerebellar peduncle (MM). The decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle is the portion of the superior cerebellar peduncle which crosses into the midbrain. [WP,unvetted]." "0002588" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002589" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002589" "lateral corticospinal tract" "Part of the corticospinal tract located in the spinal cord, formed as 75 to 90% of the corticospinal fibers cross to the opposite side of the brainstem in the pyramidal decussation. This tract descends the length of the spinal cord in the lateral white column (Adapted from Brain Info)" "0002589" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002590" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002590" "prepyriform area" "Prepyriform area (or prepiriform cortex) is a portion of the rhinencephalon consisting of paleocortex. Some sources state that it is part of the primary olfactory cortex." "0002590" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002591" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002591" "oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus" "0002591" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002592" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002592" "juxtarestiform body" "Fibers interconnecting the cerebellum and vestibular nuclei, traveling medial to the restiform body (inferior cerebellar peduncle) (Nolte, The Human Brain, 6th ed., pg 497)" "0002592" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002593" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002593" "orbital operculum" "0002593" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002594" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002594" "dentatothalamic tract" "The dentatothalamic tract (or dentatorubrothalamic tract) is a tract which connects the dentate nucleus and the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002594" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002595" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002595" "orbital sulcus" "The inferior or orbital surface of the frontal lobe is concave, and rests on the orbital plate of the frontal bone. It is divided into four orbital gyri by a well-marked H-shaped orbital sulcus" "0002595" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002596" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002596" "ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus" "Part of thalamus receiving primary somatic sensory information via the medial lemniscal pathway that projects to the primary somatosensory cortex (adapted from Paxinos, The Rat Nervous System, 2nd Ed, Academic Press, 1995)." "0002596" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002597" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002597" "principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve" "The principal sensory nucleus (or chief sensory nucleus of V) is a group of second order neurons which have cell bodies in the dorsal Pons. It receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw via first order neurons of CN V. Most of the sensory information crosses the midline and travels to the contralateral ventral posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Ventral Trigeminothalamic Tract, but information of the oral cavity travels to the ipsilateral Ventral Posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Dorsal Trigeminothalamic Tract. [WP,unvetted]." "0002597" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002598" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002598" "paracentral sulcus" "The paracentral sulcus is a sulcus of the brain. It forms the paracentral lobule's anterior border." "0002598" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002599" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002599" "medial olfactory gyrus" "0002599" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002600" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002600" "limbic lobe" "Part of cerebral hemisphere located on the medial surface, forming a ring around the brain stem" "0002600" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002601" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002601" "fasciolar gyrus" "A small paired band that passes around the splenium of the corpus callosum from the lateral longitudinal stria to the dentate gyrus[Biology-Online]. A posterior and upward extension of the dentate gyrus, forming a transitional area between the dentate gyrus and the indusium griseum[BTO]." "0002601" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002602" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002602" "emboliform nucleus" "the small wedge shaped nucleus interposed between the dentate and fastigial nuclei; it receives axons from Purkinje cells of the intermediate area of the cerebral hemispheres and most of its efferent connections travel via the superior cerebellar peduncle" "0002602" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002603" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002603" "paraterminal gyrus" "The paraterminal gyrus (subcallosal gyrus, peduncle of the corpus callosum) is a narrow lamina on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the lamina terminalis, behind the parolfactory area, and below the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It is continuous around the genu of the corpus callosum with the supracallosal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002603" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002604" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002604" "ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus" "The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. Three distinct, primarily inhibitory, cellular groups are located interspersed within these fibers, and are thus named the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002604" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002605" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002605" "precentral operculum" "The ventrolateral lip of the precentral gyrus, which overlies the insula and is bounded by the lateral fissure (Brain Info)." "0002605" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002606" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002606" "neuropil" "A cluster of neurites that is part of a nervous system and forms a network of dendrites and axons where synapses are present and in which neuronal somata do not occur." "0002606" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002607" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002607" "superior rostral sulcus" "0002607" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002608" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002608" "caudal part of ventral lateral nucleus" "0002608" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002609" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002609" "spinothalamic tract of midbrain" "0002609" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002610" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002610" "cochlear nuclear complex" "The cochlear nuclei consist of: (a) the dorsal cochlear nucleus, corresponding to the tuberculum acusticum on the dorso-lateral surface of the inferior peduncle; and (b) the ventral or accessory cochlear nucleus, placed between the two divisions of the nerve, on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. [WP,unvetted]." "0002610" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002611" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002611" "obsolete node of ranvier" "." "0002611" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002612" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002612" "transverse orbital sulcus" "0002612" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002613" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002613" "cerebellum globose nucleus" "The two or three small masses of gray matter that is located medial to the emboliform nucleus and lateral to the fastigial nucleus; it receives axons from the intermediate area of the cerebellar hemispheres and its afferents exit through the superior cerebellar peduncle." "0002613" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002614" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002614" "medial part of ventral lateral nucleus" "0002614" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002615" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002615" "ventral tegmental decussation" "0002615" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002616" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002616" "regional part of brain" "Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia." "0002616" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002617" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002617" "pars postrema of ventral lateral nucleus" "0002617" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002618" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002618" "root of trochlear nerve" "0002618" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002619" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002619" "obsolete regional part of cerebral cortex" "A regional part of brain that is part of a cerebral cortex [Automatically generated definition]." "0002619" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002620" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002620" "tuber cinereum" "Part of hypothalamus consisting of hollow eminence of gray matter situated between the mammilary bodies and the optic chiasm visible on the basal surface of the brain (adapted from Wikipedia)" "0002620" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002621" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002621" "obsolete regional part of cochlear nuclear complex" "A regional part of brain that is part of a cochlear nuclear complex [Automatically generated definition]." "0002621" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002622" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002622" "preoptic periventricular nucleus" "The preoptic periventricular nucleus is located along the midline and is medial to the medial preoptic nucleus.[WP,unvetted]." "0002622" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002623" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002623" "cerebral peduncle" "Synonym for macrodissected adult human tegmentum (Vicq d'Azyr, 1784; Swanson, 2000); pp. 555-556. Later used thus by for example His (1893b, p. 178), Herrick (1915, p. 160), Strong & Elwyn (1943, p. 17), Carpenter (1976, p. 367), Williams & Warwick (1980, p. 935)." "0002623" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002624" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002624" "orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus" "Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the first gyrus from the precentral gyrus.the remainder of the inferior frontal gyrus once the pars opercularis and triangularis have been defined (Christine Fennema-Notestine)., NeuroNames" "0002624" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002625" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002625" "median preoptic nucleus" "The median preoptic nucleus is located along the midline in a position significantly dorsal to the other 3 preoptic nuclei, at least in the macaca fascicularis brain. It wraps around the top (dorsal), front, and bottom (ventral) surfaces of the anterior commissure. The median preoptic nucleus generates thirst. Drinking decreases noradrenaline release in the median preoptic nucleus." "0002625" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002626" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002626" "head of caudate nucleus" "Largest part of the caudate nucleus lying lateral to and protruding into the anterior of the lateral ventricle" "0002626" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002627" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002627" "capsule of medial geniculate body" "0002627" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002628" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002628" "tail of caudate nucleus" "Narrowest part of the caudate nucleus, roughtly defined as that portion that curves ventrally from the body of the caudate nucleus, following the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle" "0002628" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002629" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002629" "triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus" "Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the second gyrus from the precentral gyrus (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." "0002629" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002630" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002630" "body of caudate nucleus" "Part of caudate nucleus lying just dorsal to the thalamus" "0002630" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002631" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002631" "cerebral crus" "The cerebral crus is the anterior portion of the cerebral peduncle which contains the motor tracts, the plural of which is cerebral crura. In some older texts, it is used as a synonym for the entire cerebral peduncle, not just the anterior portion of it. [WP,unvetted]." "0002631" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002632" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002632" "medial part of medial mammillary nucleus" "0002632" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002633" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002633" "motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve" "Nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum containing cells that give rise to motor innervation of the jaw through the trigeminal nerve. It receives both crossed and uncrossed fibers from the cerebral cortex (Heimer, L. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed., 1996, pg 248)." "0002633" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002634" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002634" "anterior nucleus of hypothalamus" "a loose heterogeneous collection of cells in the anterior hypothalamus, continuous rostrally with the medial and lateral preoptic areas and caudally with the tuber cinereum" "0002634" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002635" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002635" "obsolete regional part of midbrain tegmentum" "A multi-tissue structure that is part of a midbrain tegmentum." "0002635" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002636" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002636" "lateral pulvinar nucleus" "0002636" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002637" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002637" "ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus" "The ventral anterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus." "0002637" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002638" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002638" "medial pulvinar nucleus" "0002638" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002639" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002639" "midbrain reticular formation" "Part of the reticular formation located in the midbrain tegmentum" "0002639" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002640" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002640" "cuneocerebellar tract" "White matter tract that originates from the cuneate and external cuneate nuclei. It relays ascending spinal fibers in the dorsal funiculus and conveys information from forelimbs to the cerebellum." "0002640" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002641" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002641" "oral pulvinar nucleus" "0002641" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002642" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002642" "cuneate fasciculus of medulla" "Part of cuneate fasciculus found in the medulla" "0002642" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002643" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002643" "decussation of medial lemniscus" "The sensory decussation or decussation of the lemniscus is a decussation or cross over of axons from the gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus. The fibres of this decussation are called the internal arcuate fibres and are found at the superior aspect of the closed medulla superior to the motor decussation. It is part of the second neuron in the Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. [WP,unvetted]." "0002643" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002644" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002644" "intermediate orbital gyrus" "0002644" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002645" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002645" "densocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus" "0002645" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002646" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002646" "dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of medulla" "Part of dorsal longitudinal fasciculus located in the medulla" "0002646" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002647" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002647" "magnocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus" "0002647" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002648" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002648" "anterior median eminence" "0002648" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002649" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002649" "dorsolateral fasciculus of medulla" "Part of Lissauer's tract located in the medulla" "0002649" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002650" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002650" "paralaminar part of medial dorsal nucleus" "0002650" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002651" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002651" "anterior horn of lateral ventricle" "Part of the lateral ventricle that extends anteriorly into the frontal lobes, bordered by the head of the caudate nucleus on the lateral side (Adapted from Heimer, 1996)" "0002651" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002652" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002652" "posterior median eminence" "0002652" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002653" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002653" "gracile fasciculus of medulla" "Part of gracile fasiculus located in the medulla" "0002653" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002654" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002654" "parvicellular part of medial dorsal nucleus" "0002654" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002655" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002655" "body of lateral ventricle" "Part of lateral ventricle consisting of the central portion that lies dorsally, bounded by the thalamus on the ventral side (Adapted from Heimer, 1996)" "0002655" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002656" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002656" "periamygdaloid area" "0002656" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002657" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002657" "posterior parahippocampal gyrus" "The posterior parahippocampal gyrus is a portion of the parahippocampal gyrus. It can show deterioration in Alzheimer's disease." "0002657" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002658" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002658" "medial lemniscus of midbrain" "Part of medial lemniscus located within the midbrain" "0002658" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002659" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002659" "superior medullary velum" "The superior medullary velum (anterior medullary velum, valve of Vieussens) is a thin, transparent of white substance, which stretches between the superior cerebellar peduncles; on the dorsal surface of its lower half the folia and lingula are prolonged. It forms, together with the superior cerebellar peduncle, the roof of the upper part of the fourth ventricle; it is narrow above, where it passes beneath the inferior colliculi, and broader below, where it is continuous with the white substance of the superior vermis. A slightly elevated ridge, the fraenulum veli, descends upon its upper part from between the inferior colliculi, and on either side of this the trochlear nerve emerges. Blood is supplied by branches from the superior cerebellar artery. [WP,unvetted]." "0002659" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002660" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002660" "medial longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain" "A medial longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0002660" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002661" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002661" "superior frontal gyrus" "Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the superior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the midpoint of the paracentral sulcus on the ""inflated"" surface. The medial and lateral boundaries are the medial aspect of the frontal lobe and the superior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." "0002661" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002662" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002662" "medial pes lemniscus" "0002662" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002663" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002663" "septal nuclear complex" "Collection of nerve cells in the medial forebrain lying generally in front of the anterior commissure (Maryann Martone)." "0002663" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002664" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002664" "lateral part of medial mammillary nucleus" "0002664" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002665" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002665" "supracallosal gyrus" "0002665" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002666" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002666" "mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve" "0002666" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002667" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002667" "lateral septal nucleus" "Regional part of the septal nuclei, lying dorsal and slightly lateral to the medial septal nucleus. The lateral septum receives the bulk of projections of areas projecting to the septal nuclei (Adapted from Brodal, 1981)." "0002667" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002668" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002668" "oculomotor nerve root" "Initial segment of the occulomotor nerve as it leaves the midbrain." "0002668" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002669" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002669" "anterior horizontal limb of lateral sulcus" "0002669" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002670" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002670" "anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus" "0002670" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002671" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002671" "pallidotegmental fasciculus" "0002671" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002672" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002672" "anterior subcentral sulcus" "0002672" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002673" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002673" "vestibular nuclear complex" "Nuclear complex containing the vestibular nuclei." "0002673" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002675" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002675" "diagonal sulcus" "0002675" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002676" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002676" "ventral supraoptic decussation" "The ventral supraoptic decussation is the crossover point for signals from the left and right eye, en route respectively to the right and left sides of the visual cortex. Occupying the posterior part of the commissure of the optic chiasma is a strand of fibers, the Ventral supraoptic decussation (commissure of Gudden, Gudden's inferior commissure), which is not derived from the optic nerves; it forms a connecting link between the medial geniculate bodies. [WP,unvetted]." "0002676" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002677" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002677" "obsolete regional part of medullary raphe nuclear complex" "A regional part of brain that is part of a medullary raphe nuclear complex [Automatically generated definition]." "0002677" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002678" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002678" "obsolete regional part of medulla oblongata" "A regional part of brain that is part of a medulla oblongata [Automatically generated definition]." "0002678" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002679" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002679" "anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus" "0002679" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002680" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002680" "obsolete regional part of metencephalon" "A regional part of brain that is part of a metencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0002680" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002681" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002681" "anteromedial nucleus of thalamus" "0002681" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002682" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002682" "abducens nucleus" "Nucleus located beneath the floor of the 4th ventricle in the pontine tegmentum, containing motor neurons innervating the lateral rectus muscle of the eye (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 533)" "0002682" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002683" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002683" "rhinal sulcus" "In the human brain, the rhinencephalon appears as a longitudinal elevation, with a corresponding internal furrow, on the under surface of the hemisphere close to the lamina terminalis; it is separated from the lateral surface of the hemisphere by a furrow, the external rhinal fissure (or rhinal sulcus), and is continuous behind with that part of the hemisphere, which will ultimately form the anterior end of the temporal lobe. [WP,unvetted]." "0002683" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002684" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002684" "nucleus raphe obscurus" "The raphe obscurus projects to the cerebellar lobes VI and VII and to crus II along with the nucleus raphe pontis . This so called obscure nucleus has also been implicated in the modulation of the hypoglossal nerve. It has been observed that the ablation of this nucleus causes a change in the firing pattern in the XII nerve . In addition, the raphe obscurus mediates expiration via the inhibitory effect of serotonin and depresses periodic synaptic potentials . It has also been shown that this nucleus stimulates gastrointestinal motor function; microinjections of 5-HT into the n.r. obscurus increase gastric movement . [WP,unvetted]." "0002684" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002685" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002685" "anteroventral nucleus of thalamus" "0002685" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002686" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002686" "angular gyrus" "Part of inferior parietal lobule formed by the cortex surrounding the upturned end of the superior temporal sulcus (Nolte, The Human Brain, 6th ed, 2009, pg 659)" "0002686" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002687" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002687" "area X of ventral lateral nucleus" "0002687" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002688" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002688" "supramarginal gyrus" "Component of the parietal lobe. The first coronal slice between the superior temporal gyrus and the postcentral gyrus where the supramarginal gyrus appears was the rostral boundary whereas the slice where the supramarginal gyrus becomes continuous with the superior parietal gyrus was the caudal boundary. The medial and lateral boundaries were the lateral banks of the intraparietal sulcus and the medial banks of the lateral fissure and/or the superior temporal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." "0002688" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002689" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002689" "supraoptic crest" "one of the circumventricular organs of the brain. The OVLT is outside the blood brain barrier, and so neurons in this region can respond to factors that are present in the systemic circulation." "0002689" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002690" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002690" "anteroventral periventricular nucleus" "0002690" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002691" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002691" "ventral tegmental area" "Unpaired midbrain region situated in the ventromedial portion of the reticular formation. The VTA is medial to the substantia nigra and ventral to the red nucleus, and extends caudally from the posterior hypothalamus in the diencephalon. The VTA contains dopamine neurons that project to various limbic and cortical areas and is a critical component of the brain's reward circuitry." "0002691" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002692" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002692" "medullary raphe nuclear complex" "0002692" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002693" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002693" "occipitotemporal sulcus" "0002693" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002694" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002694" "anterior hypothalamic commissure" "0002694" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002695" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002695" "parieto-occipital sulcus" "Only a small part of the Parietooccipital Fissure (or parieto-occipital sulcus) is seen on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, its chief part being on the medial surface. The lateral part of the parietooccipital fissure (Fig. 726) is situated about 5 cm. in front of the occipital pole of the hemisphere, and measures about 1.25 cm. in length. The medial part of the parietooccipital fissure (Fig. 727) runs downward and forward as a deep cleft on the medial surface of the hemisphere, and joins the calcarine fissure below and behind the posterior end of the corpus callosum. In most cases it contains a submerged gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002695" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002696" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002696" "cuneiform nucleus" "0002696" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002697" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002697" "dorsal supraoptic decussation" "0002697" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002698" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002698" "preoccipital notch" "Small indentation on the inferior surface of the cerebral cortex at the border of the occiptal and parietal lobes. It is considered as a landmark because the occipital lobe is located just behind the line that connects that notch with the parietoccipital sulcus (adapted from Wikipedia)." "0002698" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002699" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002699" "supraopticohypophysial tract" "0002699" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002700" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002700" "subcuneiform nucleus" "0002700" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002701" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002701" "anterior median oculomotor nucleus" "0002701" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002702" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002702" "middle frontal gyrus" "Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." "0002702" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002703" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002703" "precentral gyrus" "Component of the frontal lobe. The appearance and disappearance of the central sulcus is the rostral and caudal boundaries of the precentral gyrus respectively. The medial boundary is specific frontal gyri (superior, middle and inferior) whereas the lateral boundary is the medial bank of the central sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." "0002703" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002704" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002704" "metathalamus" "The metathalamus is a composite structure of the thalamus, consisting of the medial geniculate nucleus and the lateral geniculate nucleus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002704" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002705" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002705" "midline nuclear group" "The midline nuclear group (or midline thalamic nuclei) a region of the thalamus consisting of the following nuclei: paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (nucleus paraventricularis thalami) - not to be confused with paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus paratenial nucleus (nucleus parataenialis) reuniens nucleus (nucleus reuniens) rhomboidal nucleus (nucleus commissuralis rhomboidalis) subfascicular nucleus (nucleus subfascicularis) [WP,unvetted]." "0002705" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002706" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002706" "posterior nucleus of hypothalamus" "The posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus is one of the many nuclei that make up the hypothalamic region of the brain. Its function is thermoregulation (heating) of the body. Damage or destruction of this nucleus causes hypothermia." "0002706" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002707" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002707" "corticospinal tract" "The corticospinal fibers that arise from the pyramidal cells within the cerebral cortex layer V of the precentral motor area, the premotor area and the postcentral gyrus, then descend into and through the medulla to form the lateral corticospinal tract and the anterior corticospinal tract." "0002707" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002708" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002708" "posterior periventricular nucleus" "0002708" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002709" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002709" "posterior nuclear complex of thalamus" "Part of thalamus comprising ill defined cellular groups in the caudal thalamus at the meso-diencephalic junction. It is not a homogeneous structure but consists of several distinct cellular groups, including the suprageniculate and limitans nuclei, the magnocellular division of the medial geniculate body, portions of the pulvinar nucleus and an area of mixed cell types intercalated between the ventroposterior nucleus and the nucleus lateral posterior (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 97)" "0002709" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002710" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002710" "cingulate sulcus" "The cingulate sulcus is a sulcus (brain fold) on the medial wall of the cerebral cortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are separated by the cingulate sulcus from the cingulate gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002710" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002711" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002711" "nucleus of posterior commissure" "0002711" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002712" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002712" "premammillary nucleus" "0002712" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002713" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002713" "circular sulcus of insula" "A marginal sulcus that is part of a insula [Automatically generated definition]." "0002713" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002714" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002714" "rubrospinal tract" "White matter tract arising in red nucleus and projecting to spinal cord ventral horn" "0002714" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002715" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002715" "spinal trigeminal tract of medulla" "Part of spinal trigeminal tract located in the medulla" "0002715" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002716" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002716" "collateral sulcus" "The collateral fissure (or sulcus) is on the tentorial surface of the hemisphere and extends from near the occipital pole to within a short distance of the temporal pole. Behind, it lies below and lateral to the calcarine fissure, from which it is separated by the lingual gyrus; in front, it is situated between the hippocampal gyrus and the anterior part of the fusiform gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002716" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002717" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002717" "rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus" "The rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) is a portion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus which controls vertical gaze. They project to the vestibular nuclei. [WP,unvetted]." "0002717" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002718" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002718" "solitary tract" "The solitary tract is a compact fiber bundle that extends longitudinally through the posterolateral region of the medulla. The solitary tract is surrounded by the nucleus of the solitary tract, and descends to the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord. [WP,unvetted]." "0002718" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002719" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002719" "spino-olivary tract" "The spino-olivary tract is located in the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord. This tract carries proprioception information from muscles and tendons as well as cutaneous impulses to the olivary nucleus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002719" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002720" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002720" "mammillary peduncle" "White matter bundle in the posterior hypothalamus containing ascending afferent fibers to the mammillary bodies from the ventral and dorsal tegmental nuclei (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 671)." "0002720" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002721" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002721" "lateral sulcus" "A sulcus that divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe above from the temporal lobe below. It is in both hemispheres of the brain but is longer in the left hemisphere. The lateral sulcus is one of the earliest-developing sulci of the human brain. It first appears around the fourteenth gestational week[WP,modified]." "0002721" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002722" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002722" "trochlear nucleus" "Nucleus in the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus near the midline, containing the motor neurons giving rise to the trochlear nerve, innervating the contralateral superior oblique extraocular muscle of the eye (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed, 1981, pg. 533)." "0002722" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002723" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002723" "mammillary princeps fasciculus" "0002723" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002724" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002724" "limen of insula" "The anterior basal part of the insular cortex, which separates the lateral surface of the insula from the anterior perforated substance (Heimer, The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed., 1995, pg 80)." "0002724" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002726" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002726" "cervical spinal cord" "A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a cervical region." "0002726" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002727" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002727" "medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus" "Thin sheet of white matter dividing the external and internal segments of the globus pallidus in primates" "0002727" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002728" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002728" "entorhinal cortex" "Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the entorhinal cortex are the rostral end of the collateral sulcus and the caudal end of the amygdala respectively. The medial boundary is the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus. (DK)." "0002728" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002729" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002729" "claustral amygdaloid area" "0002729" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002730" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002730" "obsolete regional part of thalamus" "A regional part of brain that is part of a thalamus [Automatically generated definition]." "0002730" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002731" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002731" "vestibulocochlear nerve root" "Either of the two roots that come of the vestibulocochlear nerve" "0002731" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002732" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002732" "longitudinal pontine fibers" "0002732" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002733" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002733" "intralaminar nuclear group" "The intralaminar nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus that contains the following nuclei: central lateral centromedian (or 'central medial') paracentral parafascicular. Some sources also include a 'central dorsal' nucleus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002733" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002734" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002734" "superior temporal sulcus" "The superior temporal sulcus is the sulcus separating the superior temporal gyrus from the middle temporal gyrus in the temporal lobe of the brain. The superior temporal sulcus is the first sulcus inferior to the lateral fissure. It is involved in the perception of where others are gazing and is thus important in determining where others' emotions are being directed. It is also involved in the perception of biological motion." "0002734" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002735" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002735" "transverse pontine fibers" "0002735" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002736" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002736" "lateral nuclear group of thalamus" "The lateral nuclear group is a collection of nuclei on the lateral side of the thalamus. According to MeSH, it consists of the following: lateral dorsal nucleus lateral posterior nucleus pulvinar [WP,unvetted]." "0002736" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002737" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002737" "lateral inferior limiting sulcus" "0002737" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002738" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002738" "isthmus of cingulate gyrus" "Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral and caudal boundaries were the posterior division of the cingulate cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial wall (area unknown) and the precuneus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." "0002738" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002739" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002739" "medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus" "The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus. It receives inputs from the Pre-Frontal Cortex and the Limbic System and in turn relays them to the Pre-Frontal Association Cortex. As a result, it plays a crucial role in attention, planning, organization, abstract thinking, multi-tasking and active memory. The connections of the medial dorsal nucleus have even been used to delineate the prefrontal cortex of the Göttingen minipig brain. By stereology the number of brain cells in the region has been estimated to around 6.43 million neurons in the adult human brain and 36.3 million glial cells, and with the newborn having quite different numbers: around 11.2 million neurons and 10.6 million glial cells. Lesions of the medial dorsal nucleus have been associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy [WP,unvetted]." "0002739" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002740" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002740" "posterior cingulate gyrus" "The posterior cingulate cortex is the backmost part of the cingulate cortex, lying behind the anterior cingulate cortex. This is the upper part of the 'limbic lobe'. The cingulate cortex is made up of an area around the midline of the brain. Surrounding areas include the retrosplenial cortex and the precuneus. Cytoarchitectonically posterior cingulate cortex is associated with Brodmann areas 23 and 31. [WP,unvetted]." "0002740" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002741" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002741" "diagonal band of Broca" "A white fibre bundle descending in the precommissural septum toward the base of the forebrain, immediately rostral to the lamina terminalis; at the base, the bundle turns in the caudolateral direction; traveling through the ventral substantia innominata alongside the optic tract, it fades before reaching the amygdala." "0002741" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002742" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002742" "lamina of septum pellucidum" "One of two layers of both white and gray matter of the septum pellucidum. During fetal development there is a space between the two laminae called the cavum septum pellucidum which, in ninety per cent of cases, disappears during infancy." "0002742" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002743" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002743" "basal forebrain" "A region of the brain consisting of ventral and rostral subcortical regions of the telencephalon, including among others, the basal ganglia, septal nuclei, amygdala, ventral pallidum, substantia innominata, and basal nucleus of Meynert." "0002743" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002744" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002744" "hilum of dentate nucleus" "The mouth of the flasklike dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, directed inward (rostromedial), and giving exit to many of the fibers that compose the superior cerebellar peduncle or brachium conjunctivum." "0002744" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002745" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002745" "ventral amygdalofugal projection" "0002745" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002746" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002746" "intermediate periventricular nucleus" "0002746" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002747" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002747" "neodentate part of dentate nucleus" "0002747" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002748" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002748" "medial lemniscus of medulla" "Part of medial lemniscus located within the medulla" "0002748" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002749" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002749" "regional part of cerebellar cortex" "A regional part of brain that is part of a cerebellar cortex [Automatically generated definition]." "0002749" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002750" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002750" "medial longitudinal fasciculus of medulla" "A medial longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a medulla [Automatically generated definition]." "0002750" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002751" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002751" "inferior temporal gyrus" "Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the inferior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is designated as the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The occipitotemporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." "0002751" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002752" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002752" "olivocerebellar tract" "The olivocerebellar tract (olivocerebellar fibers) leaves the olivary nucleus and pass out through the hilum and decussate with those from the opposite olive in the raphé, then as internal arcuate fibers they pass partly through and partly around the opposite olive and enter the inferior peduncle to be distributed to the cerebellar hemisphere of the opposite side from which they arise. They terminate directly on Purkinje cells as the climbing fiber input system. [WP,unvetted]." "0002752" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002753" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002753" "posterior spinocerebellar tract" "It ascends the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus and enters the cerebellum via the restiform body. Within the cerebellum, its axons terminate in the ipsilateral hindlimb area of the anterior lobe and in the pyramis and the paramedian lobule predominantly ipsilaterally. Rostrally, it extends to lobules I and II. Afferents from the upper trunk, forelimbs, and the neck to the cerebellum." "0002753" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002754" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002754" "predorsal bundle" "0002754" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002755" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002755" "pyramidal decussation" "Part of medulla comprising a white matter structure containing nerve fibers of the pyramidal tract crossing from one side of the brain to the other (MM)" "0002755" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002756" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002756" "anterior cingulate gyrus" "0002756" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002757" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002757" "obsolete regional part of epithalamus" "A regional part of brain that is part of a epithalamus [Automatically generated definition]." "0002757" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002758" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002758" "dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body" "Dorsal division of the medial geniculate nucleus, as first defined by Morest (1964) in the cat, but also described in the rat. It fills all but the medial edge of the posterior tip in cat, and joins the lateral thalamic nucleus anteriorly (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1261345/?page=3)" "0002758" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002759" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002759" "magnocellular nucleus of medial geniculate body" "0002759" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002760" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002760" "ventral corticospinal tract" "Part of pyramidal tract (corticospinal tract) containing uncrossed fibers and traveling in the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord." "0002760" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002761" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002761" "inferior frontal sulcus" "The inferior frontal sulcus is a sulcus between the middle frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002761" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002762" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002762" "internal medullary lamina of thalamus" "Predominantly white regional part of thalamus consisting of a Y shaped bundle of fibers that runs the anterior-posterior length of thalamus and divides the thalamus into roughly three regions (MM: 2006-10-26)" "0002762" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002763" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002763" "accessory medullary lamina of globus pallidus" "Thin bundle of myelinated axons that divides the medial pallidal segment into outer and inner portions (Carpenter, Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed., 1985, pg. 303)." "0002763" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002764" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002764" "inferior precentral sulcus" "0002764" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002765" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002765" "lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus" "The lateral medullary lamina is a thin white structure located in the basal ganglia of the primate brain. Bounded laterally by the putamen and medially by the globus pallidus, it is defined on the basis of Nissl or myelin stain ( Carpenter-1983 )." "0002765" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002766" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002766" "fusiform gyrus" "The fusiform gyrus is part of the temporal lobe. It is also known as the (discontinuous) occipitotemporal gyrus. Other sources have the fusiform gyrus above the occipitotemporal gyrus and underneath the parahippocampal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002766" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002767" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002767" "inferior rostral sulcus" "0002767" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002768" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002768" "vestibulospinal tract" "A long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the vestibular nucleus of the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord[GO]." "0002768" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002769" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002769" "superior temporal gyrus" "Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the ssuperior temporal sulcus. The caudal boundary is the cauday portion of the superior temporal gyrus (posterior to becoming continuous with the supramarginal gyrus). The medial boundary is the lateral fissure (and when present the supramarginal gyrus), and the lateral boundary is the superior temporal suclus (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." "0002769" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002770" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002770" "posterior hypothalamic region" "The part of the hypothalamus posterior to the middle region consisting of several nuclei including the medial mamillary nucleus, lateral mamillary nucleus, and posterior hypothalamic nucleus (posterior hypothalamic area). The posterior hypothalamic area is concerned with control of sympathetic responses and is sensitive to conditions of decreasing temperature and controls the mechanisms for the conservation and increased production of heat." "0002770" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002771" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002771" "middle temporal gyrus" "Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the superior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The superior temporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." "0002771" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002772" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002772" "olfactory sulcus" "The medial orbital gyrus presents a well-marked antero-posterior sulcus, the olfactory sulcus, for the olfactory tract. [WP,unvetted]." "0002772" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002773" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002773" "anterior transverse temporal gyrus" "The transverse temporal gyri (also called Heschl's gyri or Heschl's convolutions) are found in the area of primary auditory cortex in the superior temporal gyrus of the human brain, occupying Brodmann areas 41 and 42. It is the first cortical structure to process incoming auditory information. Anatomically, the transverse temporal gyri are distinct in that they run mediolaterally (towards the center of the brain) rather than dorsiventrally (front to back) as all other temporal lobe gyri run. The Heschl's gyri are named after Richard L. Heschl." "0002773" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002774" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002774" "posterior transverse temporal gyrus" "0002774" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002775" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002775" "olivocochlear bundle" "A pathway that terminates on the hair cells of the cochlea or equivalent organ in the inner ear." "0002775" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002776" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002776" "ventral nuclear group" "Nuclei in the ventral part of the thalamus, involved in modulating activity of dorsal thalamic nuclei." "0002776" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002777" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002777" "obsolete neostriatum" "0002777" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002778" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002778" "ventral pallidum" "Part of the globus pallidus, consisting of the more medial of the two segments. In some species, e.g., primates, it is separated from the lateral segment by the fibers of the medial medullary lamina (MM)." "0002778" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002779" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002779" "lateral superior olivary nucleus" "One of two recognized nuclei comprising the superior olive. The lateral superior olivary nucleus is much less prominent in humans than in many rodents and carnivores. In the latter species, it is frequently described as S- or V-shaped." "0002779" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002780" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002780" "obsolete regional part of forebrain" "A regional part of brain that is part of a forebrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0002780" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002781" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002781" "caudal part of ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus" "0002781" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002782" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002782" "medial superior olivary nucleus" "One of two subnuclei of the superior olive located within the caudal pontine tegmentum. Appears as a parasagittal row of transversely oriented bipolar neurons in transverse sections of human, with elongated somata in humans and other primates and large caliber dendrites." "0002782" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002783" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002783" "central tegmental tract of pons" "0002783" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002784" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002784" "obsolete regional part of diencephalon" "A regional part of brain that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0002784" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002785" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002785" "obsolete regional part of lateral hypothalamic region" "A multi-tissue structure that is part of a lateral hypothalamic area." "0002785" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002786" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002786" "root of abducens nerve" "Nerve fibers arising from motor neurons in the abducens nucleus that are contained within the pontine tegmentum" "0002786" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002787" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002787" "decussation of trochlear nerve" "the crossing of the two trochlear nerves at their exit through the velum medullare anterius." "0002787" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002788" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002788" "anterior nuclear group" "Mostly gray regional part of anterior thalamic region, consisting of the anterior medial, anterior dorsal and anterior lateral thalamic nuclei in primates. In rodents, it consists of anterior medial and anterior ventral divisions, with several subdivisions of each, according to Paxinos (MM: 2006-10-26)" "0002788" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002789" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002789" "obsolete regional part of posterior hypothalamic region" "A regional part of brain that is part of a posterior hypothalamic region [Automatically generated definition]." "0002789" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002790" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002790" "dorsal acoustic stria" "white matter structure containing fibers arising from the cochlear nuclear complex" "0002790" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002791" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002791" "obsolete regional part of telencephalon" "A regional part of brain that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0002791" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002792" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002792" "lumbar spinal cord" "." "0002792" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002793" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002793" "dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of pons" "Part of dorsal longitudinal fasciculus located within the pons" "0002793" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002794" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002794" "medial longitudinal fasciculus of pons" "A medial longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a pons [Automatically generated definition]." "0002794" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002795" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002795" "frontal pole" "Component of the frontal lobe. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the frontal pole are the superior frontal gyrus and the rostral division of the middle frontal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennama-Notestine)." "0002795" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002796" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002796" "motor root of trigeminal nerve" "0002796" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002797" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002797" "dorsal trigeminal tract" "The dorsal trigeminal tract (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, or lemniscus) is a tract which receives signals from Meissner's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles. this tract arises from Principal trigeminal nucleus and terminates in the VPM nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002797" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002798" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002798" "spinothalamic tract of pons" "Part of spinothalamic tract that is in the pontine tegmentum" "0002798" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002799" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002799" "fronto-orbital sulcus" "0002799" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002800" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002800" "spinal trigeminal tract of pons" "0002800" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002801" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002801" "stratum zonale of thalamus" "The thalamus consists chiefly of gray substance, but its upper surface is covered by a layer of white substance, named the stratum zonale." "0002801" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002802" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002802" "left parietal lobe" "Parietal lobe of the left hemisphere of the brain" "0002802" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002803" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002803" "right parietal lobe" "Parietal lobe of the right hemisphere of the brain" "0002803" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002804" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002804" "left limbic lobe" "A limbic lobe that is part of a left cerebral hemisphere." "0002804" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002805" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002805" "right limbic lobe" "A limbic lobe that is part of a right cerebral hemisphere." "0002805" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002806" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002806" "left occipital lobe" "An occipital lobe that is part of a left cerebral hemisphere." "0002806" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002807" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002807" "right occipital lobe" "An occipital lobe that is part of a right cerebral hemisphere." "0002807" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002808" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002808" "left temporal lobe" "A temporal lobe that is part of a left cerebral hemisphere." "0002808" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002809" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002809" "right temporal lobe" "A temporal lobe that is part of a right cerebral hemisphere." "0002809" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002810" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002810" "right frontal lobe" "A frontal cortex that is part of a right cerebral hemisphere." "0002810" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002811" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002811" "left frontal lobe" "A frontal cortex that is part of a left cerebral hemisphere." "0002811" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002812" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002812" "left cerebral hemisphere" "A cerebral hemisphere that is in the left side of a brain." "0002812" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002813" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002813" "right cerebral hemisphere" "A cerebral hemisphere that is in the right side of a brain." "0002813" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002814" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002814" "posterior superior fissure of cerebellum" "0002814" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002815" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002815" "horizontal fissure of cerebellum" "Fissure between cerebellar hemispheric lobules VIIA and VIIBi." "0002815" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002816" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002816" "prepyramidal fissure of cerebellum" "Fissure between cerebellar lobules VIIBii and VIII." "0002816" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002817" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002817" "secondary fissure of cerebellum" "Fissure between cerebellar lobules VIII and IX." "0002817" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002818" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002818" "posterolateral fissure of cerebellum" "Fissure between cerebellar lobules IX and X." "0002818" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002819" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002819" "apex of cochlea" "The cupula is a structure in the vestibular system, sensing proprioception. The cupula is located within the ampullae of each of the three semicircular canals. As fluid rushes by the cupula, hair cells within it sense rotational acceleration, and transmit the corresponding signal to the brain through the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) In their natural orientation within the head, the cupulae are located on the medial aspect of the semicircular canals. In this orientation, the kinocilia rest on the posterior aspect of the cupula. [WP,unvetted]." "0002819" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002820" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002820" "zona arcuata of basilar membrane of cochlea" "The inner part of the basilar membrane of the cochlea that supports the spiral organ of Corti." "0002820" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002822" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002822" "macula lutea proper" "The part of the macula lutea that excludes the fovea." "0002822" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002823" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002823" "clivus of fovea centralis" "0002823" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002824" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002824" "vestibular ganglion" "The ganglion of the vestibular nerve. It contains the cell bodies of the bipolar primary afferent neurons whose peripheral processes form synaptic contact with hair cells of the vestibular sensory end organs[WP,unvetted]. Distributed to the maculae of the utricle and saccule and to the ampullary crests of the semicircular ducts. The vestibular fibers arise in bipolar cells in the vestibular ganglion in the internal acoustic meatus." "0002824" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002825" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002825" "superior part of vestibular ganglion" "The part of the vestibular ganglion that receives fibers from the maculae of the utricle and the sacculae and the ampullae of the anterior and lateral semicircular ducts." "0002825" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002826" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002826" "inferior part of vestibular ganglion" "0002826" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002827" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002827" "vestibulocochlear ganglion" "the group of neuron cell bodies associated with the eighth cranial nerve during embryogenesis; splits in later development to form the cochlear and vestibular ganglia" "0002827" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002828" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002828" "ventral cochlear nucleus" "The ventral cochlear nucleus (or anterior, or accessory), placed between the two divisions of the cochlear nerve, is on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. Composed of several regions of distinct cell types, this nucleus serves primarily as a relay station for ascending auditory information. Bushy cells in the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), which receive end bulbs of held from auditory nerve fibers, project to the superior olivary complex through the trapezoid body and intermediate acoustic stria. Other cell types project to the lateral lemniscus and the inferior colliculus directly. [WP,unvetted]." "0002828" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002829" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002829" "dorsal cochlear nucleus" "The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN, also known as the 'tuberculum acousticum'), is a cortex-like structure on the dorso-lateral surface of the brainstem. Along with the ventral cochlear nucleus, it forms the cochlear nucleus, where all auditory nerve fibers from the cochlea form their first synapses. [WP,unvetted]." "0002829" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002830" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002830" "anteroventral cochlear nucleus" "0002830" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002831" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002831" "posteroventral cochlear nucleus" "0002831" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002832" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002832" "ventral nucleus of trapezoid body" "A small nucleus of the periolivary complex located laterally to the MNTB, and ventral to the MSO." "0002832" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002833" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002833" "medial nucleus of trapezoid body" "Nucleus in the pontine tegmentum of most mammals that receives projections from the ventral cochlear nucleus via the large specialized synapse, the Calyx of Held. It is not clear whether a well defined nucleus is present in humans, although humans may possess scattered cells with similar input." "0002833" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002834" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002834" "cervical dorsal root ganglion" "0002834" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002835" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002835" "thoracic dorsal root ganglion" "A dorsal root ganglion that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." "0002835" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002836" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002836" "lumbar dorsal root ganglion" "The group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the lumbar vertebrae." "0002836" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002837" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002837" "sacral dorsal root ganglion" "0002837" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002838" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002838" "first cervical dorsal root ganglion" "0002838" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002839" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002839" "second cervical dorsal root ganglion" "0002839" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002840" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002840" "third cervical dorsal root ganglion" "0002840" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002841" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002841" "fourth cervical dorsal root ganglion" "0002841" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002842" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002842" "fifth cervical dorsal root ganglion" "0002842" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002843" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002843" "seventh cervical dorsal root ganglion" "0002843" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002844" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002844" "eighth cervical dorsal root ganglion" "0002844" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002845" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002845" "first thoracic dorsal root ganglion" "0002845" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002846" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002846" "second thoracic dorsal root ganglion" "0002846" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002847" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002847" "third thoracic dorsal root ganglion" "0002847" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002848" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002848" "fifth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" "0002848" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002849" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002849" "sixth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" "0002849" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002850" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002850" "seventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion" "0002850" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002851" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002851" "eighth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" "0002851" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002852" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002852" "ninth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" "0002852" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002853" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002853" "tenth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" "0002853" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002854" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002854" "eleventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion" "0002854" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002855" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002855" "twelfth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" "0002855" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002856" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002856" "second lumbar dorsal root ganglion" "0002856" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002857" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002857" "first lumbar dorsal root ganglion" "0002857" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002858" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002858" "third lumbar dorsal root ganglion" "0002858" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002859" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002859" "fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion" "The group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra" "0002859" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002860" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002860" "first sacral dorsal root ganglion" "0002860" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002861" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002861" "second sacral dorsal root ganglion" "0002861" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002862" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002862" "third sacral dorsal root ganglion" "0002862" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002863" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002863" "fifth sacral dorsal root ganglion" "0002863" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002864" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002864" "accessory cuneate nucleus" "The accessory cuneate nucleus is located lateral to the cuneate nucleus in the medulla oblongata at the level of the sensory decussation. It receives input from cervical spinal nerves and transmits that information to the cerebellum. These fibers are called cuneocerebellar fibers. In this function, the accessory cuneate nucleus is comparable to the upper extremity portion of the posterior spinocerebellar tract. [WP,unvetted]." "0002864" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002865" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002865" "arcuate nucleus of medulla" "0002865" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002866" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002866" "caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus" "0002866" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002867" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002867" "central gray substance of medulla" "0002867" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002868" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002868" "commissural nucleus of vagus nerve" "0002868" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002869" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002869" "diffuse reticular nucleus" "0002869" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002870" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002870" "dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve" "A cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve in the medulla that lies under the floor of the fourth ventricle. It mostly serves parasympathetic vagal functions in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and other thoracic and abdominal vagal innervations. The cell bodies for the preganglionic parasympathetic vagal neurons that innervate the heart reside in the nucleus ambiguus.[WP,unvetted]." "0002870" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002871" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002871" "hypoglossal nucleus" "Nucleus forming a longitudinal cell column in the medulla, close beneath the floor of the 4th ventricle, containing motor neurons that innervate the muscles of the tongue (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 453)" "0002871" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002872" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002872" "inferior salivatory nucleus" "In the brain, the inferior salivatory nucleus is a cluster of neurons controlling the parasympathetic input to the parotid gland. It is one of the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]." "0002872" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002873" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002873" "interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus" "0002873" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002874" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002874" "lateral pericuneate nucleus" "0002874" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002875" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002875" "medial pericuneate nucleus" "0002875" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002876" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002876" "nucleus intercalatus" "0002876" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002877" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002877" "parasolitary nucleus" "0002877" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002879" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002879" "peritrigeminal nucleus" "0002879" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002880" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002880" "pontobulbar nucleus" "0002880" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002881" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002881" "sublingual nucleus" "In the substance of the formatio reticularis are two small nuclei of gray matter. The one near the dorsal aspect of the hilus of the inferior olivary nucleus is called the Sublingual nucleus (inferior central nucleus, nucleus of Roller.) [WP,unvetted]." "0002881" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002882" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002882" "supraspinal nucleus" "0002882" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002883" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002883" "central amygdaloid nucleus" "The output region of the amygdala responsible for controlling responses (Phelps & LeDoux, 2005, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 16242399)." "0002883" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002884" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002884" "intercalated amygdaloid nuclei" "Discrete clusters of cells intercalated among the major amygdaloid nuclei. They stain darkly in Nissl stains and have been identified in all mammals. The main groups lie between the lateral-basolateral nuclear coplex and the central and medial nuclei. Additional cell groups have been described by some in other locations (Millhouse, O. E. The intercalated cells of the amygdala. J Comp Neurol 247: 246-271, 1986)., Groups of cells located between the lateral basolateral amygaloid nuclear complex and the central nucleus of the amygdala. They stain darkly in Nissl stains and have been identified in all mammals. (Millhouse, O. E. The intercalated cells of the amygdala. J Comp Neurol 247: 246-271, 1986)" "0002884" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002885" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002885" "accessory basal amygdaloid nucleus" "0002885" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002886" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002886" "lateral amygdaloid nucleus" "The sensory interface of the amygdala where plasticity is mediated (Phelps & LeDoux, 2005, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 16242399)." "0002886" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002887" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002887" "basal amygdaloid nucleus" "0002887" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002888" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002888" "lateral part of basal amygdaloid nucleus" "0002888" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002889" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002889" "medial part of basal amygdaloid nucleus" "0002889" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002890" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002890" "anterior amygdaloid area" "0002890" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002891" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002891" "cortical amygdaloid nucleus" "Three layered structure that is located in the caudal aspect of the amygdala bordering the periamygdaloid cortex laterally." "0002891" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002892" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002892" "medial amygdaloid nucleus" "0002892" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002893" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002893" "nucleus of lateral olfactory tract" "0002893" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002894" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002894" "olfactory cortex" "Aggregate brain region defined as those areas of cerebral cortex receiving direct synaptic input from the olfactory bulb (Price, 1973). It usually includes the piriform cortex and sometimes other areas." "0002894" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002895" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002895" "secondary olfactory cortex" "Brodmann's area 28; major gateway for neocortical input to the hippocampus; origin of the perforant pathway; a component of the medial temporal lobe memory system. (CSP) * The cytoarchitecturally well-defined area of multilaminate cerebral cortex on the medial aspect of the parahippocampal gyrus, immediately caudal to the olfactory cortex of the uncus. The entorhinal cortex is the origin of the major neural fiber system afferent to the hippocampus, the so-called PERFORANT PATHWAY. (Stedman, 25th ed)." "0002895" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002896" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002896" "telodiencephalic fissure" "0002896" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002897" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002897" "cistern of lamina terminalis" "0002897" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002898" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002898" "chiasmatic cistern" "the region of the subarachnoid space that is located below and anterior to the optic chiasm" "0002898" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002899" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002899" "hippocampal sulcus" "The hippocampal sulcus, also known as the hippocampal fissure, is a sulcus that separates the dentate gyrus from the subiculum and the CA1 field in the hippocampus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002899" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002900" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002900" "transverse occipital sulcus" "The transverse occipital sulcus is a structure in the occipital lobe. The transverse occipital sulcus is continuous with the posterior end of the occipital ramus of the intraparietal sulcus, and runs across the upper part of the lobe, a short distance behind the parietoC6ccipital fissure." "0002900" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002901" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002901" "posterior calcarine sulcus" "0002901" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002902" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002902" "occipital pole" "The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. The posterior end is named the occipital pole. The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole. [WP,unvetted]." "0002902" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002903" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002903" "lunate sulcus" "The lunate sulcus is a structure in the occipital lobe. It is not present in all individuals." "0002903" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002904" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002904" "lateral occipital sulcus" "In the occipital lobe, the lateral occipital sulcus extends from behind forward, and divides the lateral surface of the occipital lobe into a superior and an inferior gyrus, which are continuous in front with the parietal and temporal lobes. [WP,unvetted]." "0002904" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002905" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002905" "intralingual sulcus" "A groove located within the boundaries of the lingual gyrus in the human. Identified by dissection, it is oriented parallel to the inferior margin of the occipital lobe ( Ono-1990; Duvernoy-1992 )." "0002905" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002906" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002906" "anterior occipital sulcus" "0002906" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002907" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002907" "superior postcentral sulcus" "0002907" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002908" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002908" "subparietal sulcus" "0002908" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002909" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002909" "posterior subcentral sulcus" "0002909" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002910" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002910" "posterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus" "One of two branches of the lateral fissure at its posterior terminus identified by dissection in the human. The other is the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or the mouse ( Hof-2000 )." "0002910" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002911" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002911" "parietal operculum" "The parietal operculum, forming the superior bank of the sylvian fissure, as studied in the cat, contains the secondary somatosensory representation, 'S-II', and a second somatotopic representation (parietal ventral, or PV). Anatomically, primate S-II receives inputs from area 3 and area 1, and projects to PV and area 7. PV has projections to area 5 and premotor areas. [WP,unvetted]." "0002911" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002912" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002912" "marginal sulcus" "The marginal sulcus is the portion of the cingulate sulcus adjacent to the paracentral lobule and the precuneus. It is sometimes known as the 'marginal part of the cingulate sulcus'. [WP,unvetted]." "0002912" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002913" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002913" "intraparietal sulcus" "The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is located on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe, and consists of an oblique and a horizontal portion. The IPS contains a series of functionally distinct subregions that have been intensively investigated using both single cell neurophysiology in primates and human functional neuroimaging. Its principal functions are related to perceptual-motor coordination (for directing eye movements and reaching) and visual attention. The IPS is also thought to play a role in other functions, including processing symbolic numerical information, visuospatial working memory and interpreting the intent of others. [WP,unvetted]." "0002913" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002914" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002914" "inferior postcentral sulcus" "0002914" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002915" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002915" "postcentral sulcus of parietal lobe" "The postcentral sulcus of the parietal lobe lies parallel to, and behind, the central sulcus in the human brain. (A sulcus is one of the prominent grooves on the surface of the brain. ) The postcentral sulcus divides the postcentral gyrus from the remainder of the parietal lobe. [WP,unvetted]." "0002915" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002916" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002916" "central sulcus" "The central sulcus is a fold in the cerebral cortex of brains in vertebrates. Also called the central fissure, it was originally called the fissure of Rolando or the Rolandic fissure, after Luigi Rolando. The central sulcus is a prominent landmark of the brain, separating the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex. [WP,unvetted]." "0002916" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002917" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002917" "obsolete regional part of inferior colliculus" "A regional part of brain that is part of a inferior colliculus [Automatically generated definition]." "0002917" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002918" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002918" "medial parabrachial nucleus" "The Medial parabrachial nucleus is a nucleus of the pons which constitutes part of the pneumotaxic center. It gets its name from its location relative to the superior cerebellar peduncles, which is also known as the 'brachia conjunctiva'. [WP,unvetted]." "0002918" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002919" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002919" "anterior parolfactory sulcus" "0002919" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002920" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002920" "callosal sulcus" "The callosal sulcus is a sulcus in the brain between the cingulate gyrus and corpus callosum, below the longitudinal cerebral fissure. [WP,unvetted]." "0002920" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002921" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002921" "longitudinal fissure" "The deep groove which separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain. The falx cerebri, a dural brain covering, lies within the medial longitudinal fissure. [WP,unvetted]." "0002921" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002922" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002922" "olfactory trigone" "A small triangular area in front of the anterior perforated substance. Its apex, directed forward, occupies the posterior part of the olfactory sulcus, and is brought into view by throwing back the olfactory tract (adapted from Wikipedia)" "0002922" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002923" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002923" "posterior parolfactory sulcus" "0002923" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002924" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002924" "terminal nerve" "The terminal nerve, located anterior to cranial nerve I, is comprised of a group of cells with somata adjacent to the olfactory bulb and processes that extend anteriorly to the olfactory epithelium and posteriorly to the telencephalon. In teleost fish an additional group of axons extends along the optic tract and delivers putative neuromodulators to the retina. It is thought to develop from cranial neural crest." "0002924" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002925" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002925" "trigeminal nucleus" "A nucleus of brain that is part of a trigeminal nuclear complex." "0002925" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002926" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002926" "gustatory epithelium" "A sensory epithelium that is part of a gustatory system." "0002926" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002928" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002928" "dentate gyrus polymorphic layer" "A cellular layer of the dentate gyrus enclosed by the granule cell layer. A number of cell types are located in the polymorphic layer but the most prominent is the mossy cell." "0002928" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002929" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002929" "dentate gyrus pyramidal layer" "0002929" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002930" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002930" "tectopontine tract" "0002930" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002931" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002931" "dorsal septal nucleus" "0002931" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002932" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002932" "trapezoid body" "Bundles of axons traversing the pontine tegmentum oriented in the mediolateral direction. These fibers are related to the auditory pathway. Nuclei are embedded within these fibers." "0002932" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002933" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002933" "nucleus of anterior commissure" "0002933" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002934" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002934" "ventral oculomotor nucleus" "0002934" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002935" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002935" "magnocellular part of ventral anterior nucleus" "0002935" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002936" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002936" "magnocellular part of red nucleus" "The magnocellular red nucleus (RNm) is located in the rostral midbrain and is involved in motor coordination. Together with the parvocellular red nucleus, it makes up the red nucleus." "0002936" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002937" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002937" "parvicellular part of ventral anterior nucleus" "0002937" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002938" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002938" "parvocellular part of red nucleus" "The parvocellular red nucleus (RNp) is located in the rostral midbrain and is involved in motor coordination. Together with the magnocellular red nucleus, it makes up the red nucleus." "0002938" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002939" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002939" "ventral posteroinferior nucleus" "0002939" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002940" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002940" "anterior column of fornix" "0002940" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002941" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002941" "capsule of red nucleus" "0002941" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002942" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002942" "ventral posterolateral nucleus" "The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. Together with the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) it constitutes the ventral posterior nucleus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002942" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002943" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002943" "lingual gyrus" "Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral boundary of the lingual gyrus was the posterior extent of the parahippocampal gyrus whereas the caudal boundary was the most posterior coronal slice where the gyrus could be visualized. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial portion of the temporal and occipital cortices and the medial bank of the collateral sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." "0002943" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002944" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002944" "spinothalamic tract of medulla" "Part of spinothalamic tract that is in the medulla" "0002944" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002945" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002945" "ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus" "The ventral posteromedial nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]." "0002945" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002946" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002946" "obsolete regional part of cerebellum" "0002946" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002947" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002947" "frontal operculum" "Portion of frontal lobe that overlaps the insular cortex (adapted from Wikipedia)" "0002947" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002948" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002948" "superior occipital gyrus" "0002948" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002949" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002949" "tectospinal tract" "A long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the superior colliculus of the midbrain towards target cells in the ventral spinal cord[GO]." "0002949" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002950" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002950" "obsolete regional part of midbrain" "A regional part of brain that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0002950" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002951" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002951" "obsolete regional part of intermediate hypothalamic region" "A regional part of brain that is part of a intermediate hypothalamic region [Automatically generated definition]." "0002951" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002952" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002952" "intermediate acoustic stria" "White matter structure containing axons arising from cochlear nuclear complex (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg 609)" "0002952" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002953" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002953" "lateral lemniscus" "A fiber bundle that runs through the medulla, pons and midbrain that arises in the cochlear nucleus and projects to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. The brainstem nuclei include the superior olive, the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, and the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Fibers leaving these brainstem nuclei ascending to the inferior colliculus rejoin the lateral lemniscus. In that sense, this is not a 'lemniscus' in the true sense of the word (second order, decussated sensory axons), as there is third (and out of the lateral superior olive, fourth) order information coming out of some of these brainstem nuclei. Adapted from Wikipedia.org (MM)." "0002953" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002954" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002954" "dorsal hypothalamic area" "A relatively small region of the hypothalamus located inferior to the hypothalamic sulcus." "0002954" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002955" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002955" "rhomboidal nucleus" "0002955" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002956" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002956" "granular layer of cerebellar cortex" "The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer." "0002956" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002957" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002957" "caudal central oculomotor nucleus" "0002957" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002958" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002958" "medial lemniscus of pons" "Part of medial lemniscus located within the pons" "0002958" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002959" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002959" "subfascicular nucleus" "0002959" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002960" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002960" "central oculomotor nucleus" "0002960" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002961" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002961" "archicortex" "A portion of the cerebral cortex that, with the paleocortex, develops in association with the olfactory system, and which is phylogenetically older than the neocortex and lacks its layered structure. The embryonic archicortex corresponds to the cortex of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus in mature mammals. Being part of the limbic system, it has functions related to emotions and formation of memory. Signals being sent from the limbic lobe to the hippocampal formations can go via the archicortex as an intermediate." "0002961" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002962" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002962" "adductor pollicis muscle" "A muscle in the manus that functions to adduct the thumb. It has two heads: transverse and oblique. It is a fleshy, flat, triangular, and fan-shaped muscle deep in the thenar compartment beneath the long flexor tendons and the lumbrical muscles at the center of the palm. It overlies the metacarpal bones and the interosseous muscles[WP]." "0002962" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002963" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002963" "caudal pontine reticular nucleus" "The caudal pontine reticular nucleus is composed of gigantocellular neurons. In rabbits and cats it is exclusively giant cells, however in humans there are normally sized cells as well. The pontis caudalis is rostral to the gigantocellular nucleus and is located in the caudal pons, as the name would indicate. The pontis caudalis has been known to mediate head movement, in concert with the nucleus gigantocellularis and the superior colliculus. The neurons in the dorsal half of this nuclei fire rhythmically during mastication, and in an anesthetized animal it is possible to induce mastication via electrical stimulation of the PC or adjacent areas of the gigantocellular nucleus. The pontis caudalis is also thought to play a role in the grinding of teeth during sleep." "0002963" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002964" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002964" "dorsal oculomotor nucleus" "0002964" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002965" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002965" "rostral intralaminar nuclear group" "0002965" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002966" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002966" "obsolete regional part of midbrain tectum" "A regional part of brain that is part of a midbrain tectum [Automatically generated definition]." "0002966" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002967" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002967" "cingulate gyrus" "One of the convolutions on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It surrounds the rostral part of the brain and interhemispheric commissure and forms part of the limbic system. (MSH) One of three essential structures comprising the limbic lobe, the other two being the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. (CSP)" "0002967" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002968" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002968" "central gray substance of pons" "0002968" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002969" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002969" "inferior temporal sulcus" "The inferior surface of the temporal lobe is concave, and is continuous posteriorly with the tentorial surface of the occipital lobe. It is traversed by the inferior temporal sulcus, which extends from near the occipital pole behind, to within a short distance of the temporal pole in front, but is frequently subdivided by bridging gyri." "0002969" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002970" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002970" "intermediate oculomotor nucleus" "0002970" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002971" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002971" "periolivary nucleus" "A nucleus of the superior olivary complex that surrounds the primary superior olivary nuclei" "0002971" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002972" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002972" "centromedian nucleus of thalamus" "In the anatomy of the brain, the centromedian nucleus, also known as the centrum medianum, (CM or Cm-Pf) is a part of the intralaminar nucleus (ILN) of the thalamus. There are two centromedian nuclei arranged bilaterally. It contains about 2000 neurons per cubic millimetre and has a volume of about 310 cubic millimetres with 664,000 neurons in total. [WP,unvetted]." "0002972" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002973" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002973" "parahippocampal gyrus" "Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface, posterior to the entorhinal cortex. The rostral and caudal boundaries are the posterior end of the netorhinal cortex and the caudal portion of the hippocampus, respectively. The medial boudnary is designated as the medial aspect off the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." "0002973" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002974" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002974" "molecular layer of cerebellar cortex" "The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells" "0002974" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002975" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002975" "medial oculomotor nucleus" "0002975" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002976" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002976" "preolivary nucleus" "0002976" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002977" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002977" "triangular septal nucleus" "0002977" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002978" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002978" "oral part of ventral lateral nucleus" "0002978" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002979" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002979" "Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex" "The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells." "0002979" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002980" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002980" "opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus" "Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the first gyrus from the precentral gyrus." "0002980" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002981" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002981" "pulvinar nucleus" "One of a set of nuclei located in the posterior thalamus, that projects to all or nearly all extra-striate visual areas." "0002981" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002982" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002982" "inferior pulvinar nucleus" "One of four subdivisions recognized in the primate pulvinar based on initially on topography, located ventrally between the medial and lateral geniculate bodies (Carpenter, A core text of neuroanatomy, 3rd ed., 1985, pg 238)" "0002982" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002983" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002983" "lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus" "The lateral posterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. It acts in concert with the pulvinar." "0002983" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002984" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002984" "lateral dorsal nucleus" "The lateral dorsal nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. It acts in concert with the anterior nuclei of thalamus. It receives significant input from several subdivisions of visual cortex, and has a primary output to parietal cortex on the dorsolateral cortical convexity, giving it access to limbic forebrain nuclei important for emotion and behavior functions." "0002984" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002985" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002985" "ventral nucleus of medial geniculate body" "Ventral division of medial geniculate body, first described by Morest (1964) in the cat, but found in primate, mouse and rat as well. It begins midway in the posterior third of the medial geniculate in the cat and is prominant anteriorly. The boundary between the dorsal and ventral divisions is demarcated in rat by a thick horizontally oriented axon bundle, the midgeniculate bundle (Webster, 1995, fig 16)." "0002985" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002986" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002986" "obsolete neurofilament" "." "0002986" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002987" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002987" "anterior spinocerebellar tract" "Runs through the ventrolateral surface of the spinal cord. It enters the cerebellum through the superior cerebellar peduncle. It crosses the midline at the segmental level and recrosses in the cerebellum. Its terminals are distributed in the cerebellar anterior lobe, preferentially in the ipsilateral intermediate cortex. Rostrally, it extends to lobule II." "0002987" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002988" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002988" "first dorsal interosseous of manus" "0002988" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002989" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002989" "anconeus muscle" "A small muscle on the posterior aspect of the elbow joint." "0002989" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002990" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002990" "mammillothalamic tract of hypothalamus" "Part of mammillothalamic tract contained within the hypothalamus" "0002990" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002991" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002991" "supramammillary commissure" "0002991" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002992" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002992" "paratenial nucleus" "One of the median nuclei of the thalamus, situated ventral and medial to the stria medullaris." "0002992" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002993" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002993" "inferior central nucleus" "0002993" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002995" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002995" "substantia nigra pars lateralis" "0002995" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002996" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002996" "nucleus of optic tract" "Predominantly gray matter structure consisting of large multipoloar cells lying aong axons of the brachium of the superior colliculus, lyaing adjaent to the dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system. In several species, cells of this nucleus receive input from the contralateral retina (Sefton and Dreher in Paxinos, G. The rat nervous system, 1995, pg. 862)." "0002996" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002997" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002997" "nucleus of medial eminence" "0002997" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002998" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002998" "inferior frontal gyrus" "Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the inferior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the precentral gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the lateral bank of the inferior frontal sulcus and the medial bank of the lateral orbital sulcus and/or the circular insular sulcus respectively (Christein Fennema-Notestine)." "0002998" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0002999" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002999" "oral pontine reticular nucleus" "The oral pontine reticular nucleus is delineated from its caudal brother, with which it shares its first three names. This nucleus tapers into the lower mesencephalic reticular formation and contains sporadic giant cells. Different populations of the pontis oralis have displayed discharge patterns which coordinate with phasic movements to and from paradoxical sleep. From this information it has been implied that the n.r. pontis oralis is involved in the mediation of changing to and from REM sleep. [WP,unvetted]." "0002999" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003000" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003000" "obsolete intermediate filament" "." "0003000" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003001" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003001" "nervous system lemniscus" "A bundle or band of sensory nerve fibers." "0003001" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003002" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003002" "medial lemniscus" "Fiber tract arising predominantly from neurons in the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus in the medulla, projecting to thalamus. Fibers cross in the decussation of the medial lemniscus." "0003002" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003003" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003003" "obsolete microfilament" "0003003" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003004" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003004" "median raphe nucleus" "The median raphe nucleus (or superior central nucleus) is composed of polygonal, fusiform and pyriform neurons and exists rostral to the nucleus raphe pontis. One trait of the MRN is its inhibition by lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocin, two serotonin antagonist hallucinogens. The inactivation of the nucleus centralis superior via LSD produces a dose dependent inactivation in the MRN, but not in the raphe pallidus[WP,unvetted]." "0003004" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003005" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003005" "dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain" "Part of dorsal longitudinal fasciculus located in the midbrain tegmentum" "0003005" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003006" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003006" "dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus" "0003006" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003007" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003007" "lateral parabrachial nucleus" "The lateral parabrachial nucleus induces thirst by stimulating the median preoptic nucleus. It gets its name from its location relative to the superior cerebellar peduncles, which is also known as the 'brachia conjunctiva'. [WP,unvetted]." "0003007" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003008" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003008" "dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of hypothalamus" "Part of dorsal longitudinal fasciculus located within the hypothalamus" "0003008" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003009" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003009" "dorsal tegmental decussation" "0003009" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003010" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003010" "lateral pes lemniscus" "0003010" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003011" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003011" "facial motor nucleus" "Nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum containing motor neurons that innervate the muscles of the face. Some neurons that project to the cerebellum have also been identified in some species." "0003011" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003012" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003012" "flocculonodular lobe" "The flocculonodular lobe is a lobe of the cerebellum consisting of the nodule and the flocculus. It is closely associated with the vestibulocerebellum. [WP,unvetted]." "0003012" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003013" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003013" "alar central lobule" "The lobulus centralis is a small square lobule, situated in the anterior cerebellar notch. It overlaps the lingula, from which it is separated by the precentral fissure; laterally, it extends along the upper and anterior part of each hemisphere, where it forms a wing-like prolongation, the alar central lobule. [WP,unvetted]." "0003013" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003015" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003015" "anterior quadrangular lobule" "0003015" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003016" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003016" "postcommissural fornix of brain" "The posterior fibers of the fornix, which continue through the hypothalamus to the mammillary bodies; then to the anterior nuclei of thalamus, which project to the cingulate cortex." "0003016" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003017" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003017" "substantia innominata" "A predominantly gray matter structure of the basal telencephalon defined on the basis of Nissl stain. Caudal to the anterior commissure it lies deep to the globus pallidus and dorsal to the amygdala. Rostral to the anterior commissure it lies deep to the striatum. The more rostral portion contains the basal forebrain nucleus ( Anthoney-1994 ). In the late twentieth century the region containing the substantia innominata was resegmented on the basis of neurochemistry and connectivity to constitute the striatopallidal system ( Heimer-1995 ). In this scheme the caudal portion of substantia innominata is located largely in the ventral pallidum and the rostral portion in the ventral striatum. (from Brain Info)" "0003017" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003018" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003018" "parvicellular part of ventral posteromedial nucleus" "0003018" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003019" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003019" "oral part of ventral posterolateral nucleus" "0003019" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003020" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003020" "subcallosal area" "The subcallosal area (parolfactory area of Broca, area parolfactoria) is a small triangular field on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the subcallosal gyrus, from which it is separated by the posterior parolfactory sulcus; it is continuous below with the olfactory trigone, and above and in front with the cingulate gyrus; it is limited anteriorly by the anterior parolfactory sulcus. [WP,unvetted]." "0003020" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003021" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003021" "central lobule" "The central lobule is a small square lobule, situated in the anterior cerebellar notch. It overlaps the lingula, from which it is separated by the precentral fissure; laterally, it extends along the upper and anterior part of each hemisphere, where it forms a wing-like prolongation, the ala lobuli centralis. [WP,unvetted]." "0003021" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003022" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003022" "obsolete lobe parts of cerebral cortex" "0003022" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003023" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003023" "pontine tegmentum" "Dorsal portion of the pons, containing cranial nervee nuclei, ascending and descending tracts and reticular nuclei. It is continuous with the reticular formation of the medulla (Carpenter, A Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg 133)." "0003023" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003024" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003024" "principal part of ventral posteromedial nucleus" "0003024" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003025" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003025" "brachium of inferior colliculus" "The Brachium of inferior colliculus (or inferior brachium) carries auditory afferent fibers from the inferior colliculus of the mesencephalon to the medial geniculate nucleus. [WP,unvetted]." "0003025" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003026" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003026" "limitans nucleus" "0003026" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003027" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003027" "cingulate cortex" "The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It is extended from the corpus callosum below to the cingulate sulcus above, at least anteriorly. [WP,unvetted]." "0003027" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003028" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003028" "commissure of inferior colliculus" "A commissure that is part of a inferior colliculus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003028" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003029" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003029" "stria terminalis" "White matter structure in the brain consisting of fibers running along the lateral margin of the ventricular surface of the thalamus. The stria terminalis covers the thalamostriate vein, marking a line of separation between the thalamus and the caudate nucleus as seen upon gross dissection of the ventricles of the brain, viewed from the superior aspect. The stria terminalis extends from the region of the interventricular foramen to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle, carrying fibers from the amygdala to the septal, hypothalamic, and thalamic areas of the brain. It also carries fibers projecting from these areas back to the amygdala. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stria_terminalis)" "0003029" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003030" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003030" "posterior nucleus of thalamus" "0003030" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003031" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003031" "submedial nucleus of thalamus" "Thalamic nucleus separated from the ventromedial part of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus by the internal medullary lamina (Paxinos The rat nervous system 2nd ed, Academic Press, 1995)." "0003031" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003033" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003033" "suprageniculate nucleus of thalamus" "0003033" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003034" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003034" "central dorsal nucleus of thalamus" "0003034" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003035" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003035" "obsolete regional part of cerebellar white matter" "0003035" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003036" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003036" "central lateral nucleus" "0003036" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003037" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003037" "septum" "A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]." "0003037" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003038" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003038" "thoracic spinal cord" "The thoracic nerves are the spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." "0003038" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003039" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003039" "anterior commissure anterior part" "The horseshoe-shaped tract that connects the two olfactory bulbs." "0003039" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003040" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003040" "central gray substance of midbrain" "Periaqueductal gray (PAG; also called the 'central gray') is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the midbrain. It plays a role in the descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic tract. The spinomesencephalic tract is so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the mesencephalon, another name for the midbrain, the part of the brain in which the PAG resides. [WP,unvetted]." "0003040" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003041" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003041" "trigeminal nerve fibers" "A nerve fiber that is part of a trigeminal nerve." "0003041" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003043" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003043" "posterior part of anterior commissure" "The major forebrain commissure that connects the two temporal lobes of the cortex." "0003043" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003044" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003044" "uncinate fasciculus" "Pathway arising from the fastigial nucleus to the vestibular nuclei, reticular formation, motor neurons of brainstem and cervical spinal cord (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed., 2005, pg 261)." "0003044" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003045" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003045" "dorsal longitudinal fasciculus" "A fiber bundle containing fibers from nuclei of the hypothalamus that project to the dorsal tegmental nucleus and other regions of the midbrain and the pons, as well as fibers originating in the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation that project to the thalamus and other regions of the forebrain (Carpenter-83). In NeuroNames it is a composite structure consisting of the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of hypothalamus, the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain, the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of pons and the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of medulla. (NeuroNames)" "0003045" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003046" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003046" "ventral acoustic stria" "White matter structure containing fibers arising from neurons in the cochlear nuclear complex" "0003046" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003047" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003047" "obsolete regional part of pretectal region" "A regional part of brain that is part of a pretectal region [Automatically generated definition]." "0003047" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003048" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003048" "obsolete regional part of hypothalamus" "A regional part of brain that is part of a hypothalamus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003048" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003049" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003049" "collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle" "A type of cuticle composed of highly cross-linked collagens and specialised insoluble proteins known as cuticlins, together with glycoproteins and lipids[WP]." "0003049" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003050" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003050" "olfactory placode" "A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity." "0003050" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003051" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003051" "ear vesicle" "An epithelial sac of invaginated ectoderm formed from the otic placode that gives rise to the structures of the inner ear[MP]" "0003051" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003052" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003052" "midbrain-hindbrain boundary" "The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate." "0003052" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003053" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003053" "ventricular zone" "Proliferative region that is part of the ventricular system." "0003053" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003054" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003054" "roof plate" "A single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube along the entire anterior-posterior axis. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells." "0003054" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003055" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003055" "periderm" "A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis." "0003055" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003056" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003056" "pre-chordal neural plate" "The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction." "0003056" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003057" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003057" "chordal neural plate" "The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction." "0003057" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003058" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003058" "hypochord" "The hypochord is a transient rod-like structure in the embryos of fish, lampreys and amphibians that is located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord may play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta[GO]." "0003058" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003059" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003059" "presomitic mesoderm" "Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form." "0003059" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003060" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003060" "pronephric duct" "In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP]." "0003060" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003061" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003061" "blood island" "Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]." "0003061" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003062" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003062" "primitive knot" "organizer for gastrulation in vertebrates. The primitive knot starts as a regional knot of cells that forms on the blastodisc immediately anterior to where the outer layer of cells will begin to migrate inwards - an area known as the primitive streak. Posterior to the node is the primitive pit, where the cells of the epiblast (the upper layer of embryonic cells) initially begin to invaginate. This invagination expands posteriorly into the primitive groove as the cells layers continue to move into the space between the embryonic cells and the yolk. This differentiates the embryo into the germ layers - endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The primitive knot migrates posteriorly as gastrulation proceeds, eventually being absorbed into the tail bud.[WP]. the regional thickening of cells at the rostral tip of the vertebrate primitive streak through which gastrulating cells migrate anteriorally to form tissues in the future head and neck; this region organizes the formation of the three embryonic layers and establishes the longitudinal axis and the polarity of the embryo[MP]." "0003062" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003063" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003063" "prechordal plate" "A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue" "0003063" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003064" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003064" "intermediate mesoderm" "The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads." "0003064" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003065" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003065" "ciliary marginal zone" "Region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. After 60 hpf, the CMZ is the source of most retinal growth.[Wehman et al, 2005]" "0003065" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003066" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003066" "pharyngeal arch 2" "The second pharyngeal arch will form the hyoid apparatus. The cranial neural crest cells that populate the second pharyngeal arch emerge primarily from rhombomere 4 and will form skeletal elements." "0003066" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003067" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003067" "dorsolateral placode" "Lateral neurogenic placodes positioned dorsal of the epibranchial placodes." "0003067" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003068" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003068" "axial mesoderm" "The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord." "0003068" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003069" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003069" "otic placode" "A cranial placode which, once specified, invaginates to form an otic cup, which eventually separates from the surface ectoderm to form the otic vesicle or otocyst, a rounded structure without appar- ent polarity. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII[NBK]" "0003069" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003070" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003070" "trigeminal placode complex" "A neurogenic placode that arises at the level of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary and develops into a trigeminal ganglion." "0003070" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003071" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003071" "eye primordium" "Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles." "0003071" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003072" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003072" "optic cup" "Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]." "0003072" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003073" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003073" "lens placode" "A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]." "0003073" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003074" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003074" "mesonephric duct" "Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA]." "0003074" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003075" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003075" "neural plate" "A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA]" "0003075" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003076" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003076" "posterior neural tube" "0003076" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003077" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003077" "paraxial mesoderm" "The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]" "0003077" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003078" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003078" "epibranchial placode" "Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia." "0003078" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003079" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003079" "floor plate" "The specialized glial structure (non-neuronal cells) situated at the ventral midline of the embryonic neural tube; this structure spans the anteroposterior axis from the midbrain to the tail regions, separating the left and right basal plates of the developing neural tube, and serves as an organizer to ventralize tissues in the embryo as well as to guide neuronal positioning and differentiation along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube." "0003079" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003080" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003080" "anterior neural tube" "0003080" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003081" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003081" "lateral plate mesoderm" "Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]." "0003081" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003082" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003082" "myotome" "A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells." "0003082" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003083" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003083" "trunk neural crest" "Trunk portion of the neural crest. The trunk neural crest lies between the vagal and sacral neural crest and gives rise to two groups of cells. One group migrates dorsolateral and populates the skin, forming pigment cells and the other migrates ventrolateral through the anterior sclerotome to become the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal gland and the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Some cells remain in the sclerotome to form the dorsal root ganglia [Wikipedia]." "0003083" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003084" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003084" "heart primordium" "Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone." "0003084" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003085" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003085" "ventral aorta" "The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once[GO]." "0003085" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003086" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003086" "caudal artery" "Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail." "0003086" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003087" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003087" "anterior cardinal vein" "One of the the two paired cardinal veins draining the cephalic part of the body." "0003087" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003088" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003088" "caudal vein" "Vein in the tail returning blood from the trunk and tail to the heart, leads directly into the posterial cardinal vein in the posterior trunk. Kimmel et al, 1995.[ZFIN]" "0003088" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003089" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003089" "sclerotome" "Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]." "0003089" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003090" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003090" "supraorbital lateral line" "The lateral line that is located above the eye." "0003090" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003091" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003091" "thyroid primordium" "The initial thyroid precursor, the thyroid primordium, starts as a simple midline thickening and develops to form the thyroid diverticulum. This structure is initially hollow, although it later solidifies and becomes bilobed. The 2 lobes are located on either side of the midline and are connected via an isthmus." "0003091" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003092" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003092" "ultimobranchial body" "An outpocketing of one of the caudal pharyngeal pouches that is comprised on calcitonin-producing parafollicular cells." "0003092" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003093" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003093" "occipital lateral line" "0003093" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003094" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003094" "infraorbital lateral line" "The lateral line that is located below the eye." "0003094" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003095" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003095" "dorsal lateral line" "A lateral line that is located in the dorsal part of the organism." "0003095" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003096" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003096" "middle lateral line" "0003096" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003097" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003097" "dorsal fin" "Median fin located on the dorsal surface of the organism." "0003097" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003098" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003098" "optic stalk" "the narrow, proximal portion of the optic vesicle which connects the embryonic eye and forebrain" "0003098" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003099" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003099" "cranial neural crest" "neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage." "0003099" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003100" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100" "female organism" "Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes." "0003100" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003101" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101" "male organism" "Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes." "0003101" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003102" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003102" "surface structure" "Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism." "0003102" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003103" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103" "compound organ" "Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types." "0003103" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003104" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003104" "mesenchyme" "Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage[XAO]. A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium[ZFA]. The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop[BTO]." "0003104" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003105" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003105" "dorsal lateral plate region" "Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo." "0003105" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003106" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003106" "urostyle" "In teleosts: Anatomical cluster that is the result of fusion of preural centrum 1 with one or more adjacent ural centra[AAO]; Rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. The urostyle is formed by the fusion of the coccyx and the hypochord[AAO]." "0003106" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003107" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003107" "Meckel's cartilage" "Meckel's cartilage is the bilaterally paired, rod-like, cartilaginous ventral component of the lower jar, or ventral mandibular arch. It is typically resorbed in adults." "0003107" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003108" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003108" "suspensorium" "(1) the arrangement of bones which supports the jaw from the braincase; (2) in teleost fish, a large, usually triangular, bone which supports the jaw. The teleost suspensorium is formed by fusion of various elements which vary among different taxa." "0003108" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003109" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003109" "parapophysis" "Endochondral bone that forms from a lateral outgrowth of the basiventral arcualia and connects the rib with the vertebral centrum[TAO]. A lateral or ventrolateral projections of vertebrae to which ribs are attached in Danio rerio. ZFA: They can arise through replacement ossification of a basiventral or form directly in bone. They are separated from the centrum in basal teleosts, e.g., Leptolepis coryphaenoides, Megalops and Elops." "0003109" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003110" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003110" "otic region" "0003110" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003111" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003111" "sphenoid region" "Anatomical cluster that forms the floor and sidewalls of the middle part of the cranium." "0003111" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003112" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003112" "olfactory region" "Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organ." "0003112" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003113" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003113" "dermatocranium" "Subdivision of skeleton that includes all dermal bones in the cranial skeleton[ZFA,modified]." "0003113" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003114" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003114" "pharyngeal arch 3" "The third branchial arch contributes to the development of the hyoid bone, stylopharyngeus muscle, inferior parathyroid gland, and thymus." "0003114" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003115" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003115" "pharyngeal arch 4" "contributes to development of the cartilage of the larynx, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and soft palate muscles, superior parathyroid gland, and C-cells of the thymus" "0003115" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003116" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003116" "pharyngeal arch 5" "0003116" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003117" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003117" "pharyngeal arch 6" "The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles" "0003117" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003118" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003118" "pharyngeal arch artery 1" "The vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis" "0003118" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003119" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003119" "pharyngeal arch artery 2" "The vessels formed within the second pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis" "0003119" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003120" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003120" "pharyngeal arch artery 3" "The vessels formed within the third pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis" "0003120" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003121" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003121" "pharyngeal arch artery 4" "The vessels formed within the fourth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis" "0003121" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003122" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003122" "pharyngeal arch artery 5" "The vessels formed within the fifth pair of pharyngeal arches in embryogenesis." "0003122" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003123" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003123" "pharyngeal arch artery 6" "The vessels formed within the sixth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis" "0003123" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003124" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003124" "chorion" "the outermost extraembryonic membrane" "0003124" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003125" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003125" "vitelline membrane" "A structure directly adjacent to the outer surface of the plasma membrane of an ovum. It is composed mostly of protein fibers, with protein receptors needed for sperm binding, binding to sperm plasma membrane receptors. The species-specificity between these receptors contributes to prevention of breeding between different species [Wikipedia]. A protective layer around the egg[FBbt]." "0003125" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003126" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003126" "trachea" "The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]." "0003126" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003127" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003127" "open tracheal system trachea" "A respiratory airway that is part of an open tracheal system." "0003127" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003128" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003128" "cranium" "Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism)." "0003128" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003129" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003129" "skull" "Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]." "0003129" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003130" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003130" "arthropod sternum" "ventral portion of a segment of an arthropod thorax or abdomen. In insects, the sterna are usually single, large sclerites, and external. However, they can sometimes be divided in two or more, in which case the subunits are called sternites, and may also be modified on the terminal abdominal segments so as to form part of the functional genitalia, in which case they are frequently reduced in size and development, and may become internalized and/or membranous." "0003130" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003131" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003131" "arthropod tibia" "A section of the arthropod leg." "0003131" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003132" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003132" "obsolete arthropod hypopharynx" "0003132" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003133" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003133" "reproductive organ" "An organ involved in reproduction" "0003133" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003134" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003134" "female reproductive organ" "A female organ involved in reproduction" "0003134" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003135" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003135" "male reproductive organ" "A male organ involved in reproduction" "0003135" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003136" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003136" "obsolete tagma" "0003136" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003137" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003137" "obsolete antennal segment" "0003137" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003138" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003138" "obsolete thoracic segment" "0003138" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003139" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003139" "obsolete larval tagma" "0003139" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003140" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003140" "obsolete larval thorax" "0003140" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003141" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003141" "obsolete larval abdomen" "0003141" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003142" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003142" "prepupa" "An organism at the prepupal stage. The prepupal stage is a life stage interposed between the larval and the pupal stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis. The start of the pre-pupal stage is marked by pupariation, and the end is marked by pupation" "0003142" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003143" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003143" "pupa" "An organism at the pupal stage. A life cycle stage of holometabolous insects in which the organism is a pupa and starts with the larval-pupal apolysis and ends with pupal-adult apolysis." "0003143" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003144" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003144" "obsolete adult tagma" "0003144" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003145" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003145" "obsolete adult arthropod thorax" "0003145" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003146" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003146" "obsolete adult arthropod abdomen" "0003146" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003147" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003147" "obsolete peritreme" "That part of the integument of an insect which surrounds the spiracles." "0003147" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003148" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003148" "obsolete sclerite" "hardened portions of arthropod exoskeletons." "0003148" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003149" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003149" "obsolete tergite" "0003149" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003150" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003150" "obsolete sternite" "0003150" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003151" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003151" "obsolete foramen" "0003151" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003152" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003152" "obsolete phragma" "The lamella that serves as the site of attachment of the longitudinal flight muscle [HAO]." "0003152" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003153" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003153" "head capsule" "0003153" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003154" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003154" "obsolete gena" "0003154" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003155" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003155" "arthropod occiput" "0003155" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003156" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003156" "obsolete postocciput" "0003156" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003157" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003157" "obsolete postgena" "0003157" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003158" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003158" "obsolete tentorial pit" "0003158" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003159" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003159" "obsolete anterior tentorial pit" "0003159" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003160" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003160" "obsolete posterior tentorial pit" "0003160" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003161" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003161" "dorsal ocellus" "A simple visual organ of insects[GO]. Two ocelli appear on the vertical and one on the frontal plate[FBbt]. The multi-tissue structure that is located on the top of the head, composed of the corneal lens, pigment cell, rhabdoms and synaptic plexus[HAO]. Two evolutionary distinct ocellus types exist [2]: dorsal ocelli (or simply 'ocelli'), found in most insects, and lateral ocelli (or stemmata), which are found in the larvae of some insect orders. They are structurally and functionally very different. Simple eyes of other animals, e.g. cnidarians may also be referred to as 'ocelli', but again the structure and anatomy of these eyes is quite distinct from those of the dorsal ocelli of insects[Wikipedia]." "0003161" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003162" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003162" "lateral ocellus" "The ocellus that is paired[HAO]. The number, form, and function of the dorsal ocelli varies markedly throughout insect orders. They tend to be larger and more strongly expressed in flying insects (particularly bees, wasps, dragonflies and locusts), where they are typically found as a triplet. Two lateral ocelli are directed to the left and right of the head respectively, while a central (median) ocellus is directed frontally. In some terrestrial insects (e.g. some ants and cockroaches), only two lateral ocelli are present: the median ocellus is absent. Note that the unfortunately labelled 'lateral ocelli' here refers to the sideways facing position of the ocelli, which are of the dorsal type. They should not be confused with the lateral ocelli of some insect larvae (see stemmata)[Wikipedia]." "0003162" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003163" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003163" "obsolete mouthpart" "0003163" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003164" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003164" "obsolete clypeus" "0003164" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003165" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003165" "obsolete cibarium" "0003165" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003166" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003166" "obsolete prementum" "0003166" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003167" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003167" "obsolete lacinia" "0003167" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003168" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003168" "obsolete mentum" "0003168" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003169" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003169" "obsolete cervical sclerite" "0003169" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003170" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003170" "obsolete tergum" "0003170" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003171" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003171" "obsolete episternum" "0003171" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003172" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003172" "obsolete epimeron" "0003172" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003173" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003173" "obsolete pronotum" "0003173" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003174" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003174" "obsolete furcasternum" "0003174" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003175" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003175" "obsolete prescutum" "0003175" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003176" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003176" "obsolete anterior notal wing process" "0003176" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003177" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003177" "obsolete posterior notal wing process" "0003177" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003178" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003178" "obsolete postnotum" "0003178" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003179" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003179" "obsolete pleural wing process" "0003179" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003180" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003180" "obsolete anepisternum" "0003180" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003181" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003181" "obsolete scutoscutellar suture" "0003181" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003182" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003182" "obsolete pleural suture" "0003182" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003183" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003183" "obsolete notopleural suture" "0003183" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003184" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003184" "obsolete mesofurca" "0003184" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003185" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003185" "obsolete metafurca" "0003185" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003186" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003186" "obsolete coxa" "0003186" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003187" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003187" "obsolete pretarsus" "0003187" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003188" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003188" "obsolete auxilia" "0003188" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003189" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003189" "obsolete unguitractor plate" "0003189" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003190" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003190" "obsolete empodium" "0003190" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003191" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003191" "obsolete tegula" "0003191" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003192" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003192" "obsolete axillary sclerite" "0003192" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003193" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003193" "obsolete axillary cord" "0003193" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003194" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003194" "imaginal disc-derived wing vein" "0003194" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003195" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003195" "obsolete crossvein" "0003195" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003196" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003196" "obsolete wing cell" "0003196" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003197" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003197" "obsolete costal cell" "0003197" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003198" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003198" "obsolete aedeagus" "0003198" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003199" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003199" "egg chamber" "0003199" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003200" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003200" "obsolete pedicel" "0003200" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003201" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003201" "exocuticle" "The outer layer of the procuticle of certain crustaceans and arthropods, which contains cuticulin, chitin, and phenolic substances that are oxidized to produce the dark pigment of the cuticle;nThe hard and usually darkened layer of the cuticle lying between the endocuticle and epicuticle." "0003201" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003202" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003202" "endocuticle" "The inner layer of the procuticle in certain crustaceans and arthropods, which is almost entirely composed of protein and chitin." "0003202" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003203" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003203" "obsolete apodeme" "0003203" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003204" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003204" "obsolete epipharynx" "0003204" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003205" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003205" "obsolete articulation" "0003205" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003206" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003206" "obsolete apophysis" "0003206" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003207" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003207" "obsolete arthropod appendage segment" "0003207" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003209" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003209" "blood nerve barrier" "barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier[GO]." "0003209" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003210" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003210" "blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier" "barrier in the choroid plexus located in the lateral, third, and fourth brain ventricles that controls the entrance of substances into the cerebrospinal fluid from the blood[MP]." "0003210" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003211" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003211" "median eye" "A median eye is an eye that is connected to a paired or unpaired median anterior neuropil of the syncerebrum by one or several median eye nerves." "0003211" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003212" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003212" "gustatory organ" "Any sense organ that functions in (some) detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste (GO:0050912)." "0003212" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003214" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003214" "mammary gland alveolus" "A sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland[GO]." "0003214" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003215" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003215" "alveolus" "organ part that has the form of a hollow cavity[WP]." "0003215" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003216" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003216" "hard palate" "Anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes[GO]. The hard palate is formed from bony processes of the maxilla, premaxilla and palatine[Kardong]." "0003216" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003217" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003217" "neural lobe of neurohypophysis" "The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system. Despite its name, the posterior pituitary gland is not a gland, per se; rather, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary gland. [WP,unvetted]." "0003217" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003218" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003218" "ovary septum" "Septum that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s)[GO]." "0003218" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003219" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003219" "shell septum" "Septum that divides the internal chambers (camerae) of the shell of a cephalopod, namely nautiloids or ammonoids." "0003219" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003220" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003220" "metanephric mesenchyme" "one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney (the other is the ureteric bud). The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.[WP]. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros[GO]" "0003220" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003221" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003221" "phalanx" "Endochondral bones that are often elongate and arranged in rows of articulating elements, and form the visible part of the digits." "0003221" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003222" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003222" "flexor digitorum superficialis" "An extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints.[WP]." "0003222" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003224" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003224" "chorion syncytiotrophoblast" "An extraembryonic structure that develops_from a syncytiotrophoblast and is part of a chorion." "0003224" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003228" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003228" "supinator muscle" "A muscle which originates on the distal humerus, inserts on the radius and accomplishes supination (rotation of the wrist)." "0003228" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003229" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003229" "epithelium of elbow" "An epithelium that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]." "0003229" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003230" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003230" "epithelium of carpal region" "An epithelium that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]." "0003230" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003231" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003231" "epithelium of hip" "An epithelium that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]." "0003231" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003232" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003232" "epithelium of knee" "An epithelium that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]." "0003232" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003233" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003233" "epithelium of shoulder" "An epithelium that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]." "0003233" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003234" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003234" "extensor pollicis longus muscle" "The Extensor pollicis longus is much larger than the Extensor pollicis brevis muscle, the origin of which it partly covers." "0003234" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003235" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003235" "epithelium of upper jaw" "An epithelium that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]." "0003235" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003236" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003236" "epithelium of lower jaw" "An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]." "0003236" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003238" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003238" "epithelium of superior semicircular canal" "An epithelium that is part of an anterior semicircular canal [Automatically generated definition]." "0003238" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003239" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003239" "epithelium of posterior semicircular canal" "An epithelium that is part of a posterior semicircular canal [Automatically generated definition]." "0003239" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003240" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003240" "epithelium of lateral semicircular canal" "An epithelium that is part of a lateral semicircular canal [Automatically generated definition]." "0003240" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003241" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003241" "epithelium of utricle" "An epithelium that is part of a utricle of membranous labyrinth [Automatically generated definition]." "0003241" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003242" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003242" "epithelium of saccule" "An epithelium that is part of a saccule of membranous labyrinth [Automatically generated definition]." "0003242" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003243" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003243" "epithelium of cochlear duct" "An epithelium that is part of a cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth [Automatically generated definition]." "0003243" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003244" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003244" "epithelium of mammary gland" "the epithelial layer of the luminal surfaces of the mammary gland" "0003244" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003246" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003246" "epithelium of endolymphatic sac" "An epithelium that is part of a endolymphatic sac [Automatically generated definition]." "0003246" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003247" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003247" "epithelium of forearm" "An epithelium that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0003247" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003248" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003248" "epithelium of footplate" "An epithelium that is part of a footplate." "0003248" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003249" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003249" "epithelium of otic placode" "An epithelium that is part of a otic placode [Automatically generated definition]." "0003249" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003250" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003250" "rectus capitis lateralis muscle" "A muscle that arises from the upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas and inserts into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone." "0003250" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003251" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003251" "temporal part of head" "0003251" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003252" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003252" "thoracic rib cage" "Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all ribs in an organism connected to the sternum and the vertebrae. Some vertebrates have abdominal ribs (gastrialia), not connected to the vertebrate - these are not considered part of the rib case." "0003252" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003253" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003253" "neck of rib" "The neck of the rib is the flattened portion which extends lateralward from the head; it is about 2.5 cm. long, and is placed in front of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& with which the head articulates. Its anterior surface is flat and smooth, its posterior rough for the attachment of the ligament of the neck, and perforated by numerous foramina. Of its two borders the superior presents a rough crest (crista colli costE) for the attachment of the anterior costotransverse ligament; its inferior border is rounded. On the posterior surface at the junction of the neck and body, and nearer the lower than the upper border, is an eminencebthe tubercle; it consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs." "0003253" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003254" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003254" "amniotic ectoderm" "0003254" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003255" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003255" "obsolete ectoderm of embryo" "0003255" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003256" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003256" "obsolete endoderm of embryo" "0003256" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003257" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003257" "yolk sac endoderm" "The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from endoderm and lines the yolk sac." "0003257" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003258" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003258" "endoderm of foregut" "An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]." "0003258" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003259" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003259" "endoderm of midgut" "An endoderm that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]." "0003259" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003260" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003260" "endoderm of hindgut" "An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]." "0003260" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003261" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003261" "thyroid primordium endoderm" "An endoderm that is part of a thyroid primordium." "0003261" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003262" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003262" "amniotic mesoderm" "A mesenchyme that is part of a amnion." "0003262" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003265" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003265" "chorionic mesenchyme" "A mesenchyme that is part of a chorion." "0003265" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003266" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003266" "obsolete nerve of central nervous system" "0003266" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003267" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003267" "tooth of upper jaw" "A calcareous tooth that is part of the upper jaw region. In mammals, the upper jaw teeth are attached to the maxilla." "0003267" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003268" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003268" "tooth of lower jaw" "A calcareous tooth that is part of the lower jaw region. In mammals, the lower jaw teeth are attached to the mandible (dentary)." "0003268" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003269" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003269" "skeletal muscle tissue of eye" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Automatically generated definition]." "0003269" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003273" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003273" "obsolete skeletal muscle tissue of tongue" "0003273" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003274" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003274" "mesothelium of omental bursa" "A mesothelium that is part of a lesser sac [Automatically generated definition]." "0003274" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003276" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003276" "obsolete skeleton of embryo" "A skeletal system that is part of a embryo [Automatically generated definition]." "0003276" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003277" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003277" "skeleton of upper jaw" "A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the upper part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: upper jaw teeth, the maxilla and other lower jaw bones." "0003277" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003278" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003278" "skeleton of lower jaw" "A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage." "0003278" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003279" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003279" "endothelium of trachea" "An endothelium that is part of a trachea." "0003279" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003280" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003280" "endothelium of main bronchus" "An endothelium that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003280" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003281" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003281" "mesentery of stomach" "The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum." "0003281" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003282" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003282" "mesentery of heart" "A mesentery that surrounds the heart." "0003282" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003283" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003283" "mesentery of oesophagus" "A mesentery that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003283" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003284" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003284" "mesentery of midgut" "A mesentery that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]." "0003284" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003285" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003285" "obsolete limb of embryo" "0003285" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003286" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003286" "foregut region of duodenum" "0003286" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003287" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003287" "midgut region of duodenum" "0003287" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003288" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003288" "meninx of midbrain" "A meninx that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003288" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003289" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003289" "meninx of telencephalon" "A meninx that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003289" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003290" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003290" "meninx of diencephalon" "A meninx that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003290" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003291" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003291" "meninx of hindbrain" "A meninx that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003291" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003292" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003292" "meninx of spinal cord" "A meninx that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]." "0003292" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003294" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003294" "gland of foregut" "A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]." "0003294" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003295" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003295" "pharyngeal gland" "Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx." "0003295" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003296" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003296" "gland of diencephalon" "Any gland that is part of the diencephalon. Examples: pineal gland, neurohypophysis." "0003296" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003297" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003297" "gland of integumental system" "A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003297" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003299" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003299" "roof plate of midbrain" "the mesencephalic roof plate, including the caudal and rostral part of the midbrain roof" "0003299" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003300" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003300" "roof plate of telencephalon" "A roof plate that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003300" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003301" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003301" "roof plate of diencephalon" "A roof plate that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003301" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003302" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003302" "roof plate of metencephalon" "A roof plate that is part of a metencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003302" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003303" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003303" "roof plate of medulla oblongata" "A roof plate that is part of a medulla oblongata [Automatically generated definition]." "0003303" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003304" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003304" "mesoderm blood island" "A blood island that is part of a mesoderm." "0003304" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003306" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003306" "floor plate of neural tube" "A floor plate that is part of a neural tube [Automatically generated definition]." "0003306" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003307" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003307" "floor plate of midbrain" "A floor plate that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003307" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003308" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003308" "floor plate of telencephalon" "A floor plate that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003308" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003309" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003309" "floor plate of diencephalon" "A floor plate that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003309" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003310" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003310" "floor plate of metencephalon" "A floor plate that is part of a metencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003310" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003311" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003311" "floor plate of medulla oblongata" "A floor plate that is part of a medulla oblongata [Automatically generated definition]." "0003311" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003312" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003312" "mesenchyme of testis" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing testis [Automatically generated definition]." "0003312" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003314" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003314" "eye mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye." "0003314" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003315" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003315" "mesenchyme of ovary" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing ovary [Automatically generated definition]." "0003315" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003316" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003316" "mesenchyme of yolk sac" "The portion of the yolk sac that is derived from mesoderm and consists of mesenchyme." "0003316" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003317" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003317" "odontogenic papilla of incisor" "An odontogenic papilla that is part of a incisor tooth [Automatically generated definition]." "0003317" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003318" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003318" "mesenchyme of elbow" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing elbow [Automatically generated definition]." "0003318" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003319" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003319" "mesenchyme of carpal region" "Mesenchyme of the carpal region that contributes to the carpal skeleton." "0003319" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003320" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003320" "mesenchyme of hip" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hip [Automatically generated definition]." "0003320" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003321" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003321" "mesenchyme of knee" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing knee [Automatically generated definition]." "0003321" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003322" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003322" "mesenchyme of shoulder" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing shoulder [Automatically generated definition]." "0003322" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003323" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003323" "mesenchyme of upper jaw" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]." "0003323" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003324" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003324" "mesenchyme of lower jaw" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]." "0003324" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003325" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003325" "mesenchyme of pinna" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pinna [Automatically generated definition]." "0003325" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003326" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003326" "mesenchyme of mammary gland" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing mammary gland." "0003326" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003327" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003327" "mesenchyme of forearm" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0003327" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003328" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003328" "mesenchyme of footplate" "Mesenchyme that is part of a footplate." "0003328" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003329" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003329" "submucosa of anal canal" "A submucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]." "0003329" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003330" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003330" "submucosa of rectum" "The submucous layer of the wall of the rectum." "0003330" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003331" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003331" "submucosa of colon" "A submucosa that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003331" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003332" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003332" "submucosa of duodenum" "A submucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003332" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003333" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003333" "submucosa of jejunum" "A submucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003333" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003334" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003334" "serosa of rectum" "A serous membrane that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003334" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003335" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003335" "serosa of colon" "A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003335" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003336" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003336" "serosa of duodenum" "A serous membrane that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003336" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003337" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003337" "serosa of jejunum" "A serous membrane that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003337" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003338" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003338" "ganglion of peripheral nervous system" "A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO)." "0003338" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003339" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003339" "ganglion of central nervous system" "A ganglion that is part of a central nervous system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003339" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003340" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003340" "obsolete urethra of urogenital sinus" "0003340" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003341" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003341" "obsolete urethra of urinary system" "0003341" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003342" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003342" "mucosa of anal canal" "A mucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]." "0003342" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003343" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003343" "mucosa of oral region" "A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition]." "0003343" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003346" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003346" "mucosa of rectum" "A mucosa that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003346" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003350" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003350" "epithelium of mucosa" "A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa." "0003350" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003351" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003351" "pharyngeal epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0003351" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003352" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003352" "epithelium of midgut" "An epithelium that is part of a midgut." "0003352" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003353" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003353" "epithelium of hindgut" "An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]." "0003353" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003354" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003354" "epithelium of rectum" "An epithelium that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003354" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003355" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003355" "epithelium of incisor" "An epithelium that is part of a incisor tooth [Automatically generated definition]." "0003355" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003356" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003356" "epithelium of nasal septum" "An epithelium that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003356" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003357" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003357" "epithelium of tongue" "An epithelium that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]." "0003357" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003358" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003358" "epithelium of soft palate" "An epithelium that is part of a soft palate [Automatically generated definition]." "0003358" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003359" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003359" "epithelium of submandibular gland" "An epithelium that is part of a submandibular gland [Automatically generated definition]." "0003359" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003360" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003360" "epithelium of parotid gland" "An epithelium that is part of a parotid gland [Automatically generated definition]." "0003360" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003361" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003361" "epithelium of sublingual gland" "An epithelium that is part of a sublingual gland [Automatically generated definition]." "0003361" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003362" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003362" "epithelium of endolymphatic duct" "An epithelium that is part of a endolymphatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0003362" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003363" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003363" "epithelium of ductus reuniens" "An epithelium that is part of a ductus reuniens [Automatically generated definition]." "0003363" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003364" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003364" "epithelium of right lung" "An epithelium that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003364" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003365" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003365" "epithelium of left lung" "An epithelium that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003365" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003366" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003366" "epithelium of uterine horn" "An epithelium that is part of a uterine horn [Automatically generated definition]." "0003366" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003367" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003367" "epithelium of vomeronasal organ" "An epithelium that is part of a vomeronasal organ [Automatically generated definition]." "0003367" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003368" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003368" "epithelium of hard palate" "An epithelium that is part of a hard palate [Automatically generated definition]." "0003368" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003369" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003369" "fossa ovalis of heart" "Found in the right atrium of the heart, the fossa ovalis is an embryonic remnant of the foramen ovale, which normally closes shortly after birth. In a heart specimen of a neonate, the fossa ovalis is translucent, but later in life the membrane thickens." "0003369" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003371" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003371" "pelvic appendage bud ectoderm" "An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pelvic appendage bud." "0003371" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003372" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003372" "pectoral appendage bud ectoderm" "An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pectoral appendage bud." "0003372" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003373" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003373" "ectoderm of footplate" "An ectoderm that is part of a footplate." "0003373" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003374" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003374" "chorionic ectoderm" "A extraembryonic structure that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a chorion." "0003374" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003378" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003378" "cardiac muscle of auricular region" "A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a atrium auricular region." "0003378" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003379" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003379" "cardiac muscle of right atrium" "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition]." "0003379" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003380" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003380" "cardiac muscle of left atrium" "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium [Automatically generated definition]." "0003380" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003381" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003381" "cardiac muscle of right ventricle" "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0003381" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003382" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003382" "cardiac muscle of left ventricle" "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0003382" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003383" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003383" "cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum" "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003383" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003384" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003384" "skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0003384" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003385" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003385" "obsolete skeletal muscle of mesenchyme" "0003385" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003386" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003386" "smooth muscle of eye" "any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi" "0003386" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003387" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003387" "smooth muscle of trachea" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]." "0003387" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003388" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003388" "mesothelium of pericardial cavity" "A mesothelium that is part of a pericardium [Automatically generated definition]." "0003388" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003389" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003389" "mesothelium of diaphragm" "A mesothelium that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]." "0003389" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003390" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003390" "mesothelium of pleural cavity" "A mesothelium that is part of a pleural cavity [Automatically generated definition]." "0003390" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003393" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003393" "mesentery of urinary system" "A mesentery that is part of a urinary system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003393" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003394" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003394" "mesentery of hindgut" "A mesentery that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]." "0003394" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003395" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003395" "mesentery of rectum" "A mesentery that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003395" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003396" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003396" "mesentery of colon" "A mesentery that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003396" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003397" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003397" "mesentery of duodenum" "A mesentery that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003397" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003398" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003398" "mesentery of jejunum" "A mesentery that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003398" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003403" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003403" "skin of forearm" "A zone of skin that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0003403" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003404" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003404" "lobar bronchus of right lung" "A lobar bronchus that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003404" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003405" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003405" "lobar bronchus of left lung" "A lobar bronchus that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003405" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003406" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003406" "cartilage of respiratory system" "A cartilage element that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003406" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003407" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003407" "cartilage of nasal septum" "A cartilage that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003407" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003408" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003408" "gland of digestive tract" "A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]." "0003408" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003409" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003409" "gland of tongue" "Any of the mucous, serous, or mixed glands that empty their secretions onto the surface of the tongue." "0003409" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003410" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003410" "oropharyngeal gland" "A gland that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0003410" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003412" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003412" "pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic appendage bud." "0003412" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003413" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003413" "pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a pectoral appendage bud." "0003413" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003414" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003414" "mesenchyme of mandible" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing mandible [Automatically generated definition]." "0003414" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003415" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003415" "mesenchyme of nasal septum" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]." "0003415" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003416" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003416" "mesenchyme of tongue" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing tongue [Automatically generated definition]." "0003416" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003417" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003417" "mesenchyme of soft palate" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing soft palate [Automatically generated definition]." "0003417" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003418" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003418" "mesenchyme of submandibular gland" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing submandibular gland [Automatically generated definition]." "0003418" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003419" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003419" "mesenchyme of parotid" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing parotid gland [Automatically generated definition]." "0003419" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003420" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003420" "mesenchyme of sublingual gland" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing sublingual gland [Automatically generated definition]." "0003420" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003421" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003421" "mesenchyme of vomeronasal organ" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing vomeronasal organ [Automatically generated definition]." "0003421" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003422" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003422" "mesenchyme of umbilical cord" "A gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, largely made up of mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate). It also contains some fibroblasts and macrophages. It is derived from Extra Embryonic Mesoderm[WP]" "0003422" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003424" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003424" "mesenchyme of hard palate" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hard palate [Automatically generated definition]." "0003424" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003425" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003425" "renal lymph node" "A lymph node that is located in a kidney [Automatically generated definition]." "0003425" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003426" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003426" "dermis adipose tissue" "An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]." "0003426" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003427" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003427" "abdominal fat pad" "The encapsulated adipose tissue in the abdomen." "0003427" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003428" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003428" "gonadal fat pad" "The encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the ovaries or testes." "0003428" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003429" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003429" "abdomen nerve" "A nerve that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]." "0003429" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003430" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003430" "neck nerve" "A nerve that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." "0003430" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003431" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003431" "leg nerve" "A nerve that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]." "0003431" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003432" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003432" "chest nerve" "A nerve that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." "0003432" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003433" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003433" "arm nerve" "A nerve that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0003433" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003434" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003434" "wrist nerve" "A nerve that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]." "0003434" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003435" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003435" "pedal digit nerve" "A nerve that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." "0003435" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003436" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003436" "shoulder nerve" "A nerve that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]." "0003436" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003437" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003437" "eyelid nerve" "A nerve that innervates an eyelid." "0003437" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003438" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003438" "iris nerve" "Any nerve that innervates the iris." "0003438" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003439" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003439" "nerve of trunk region" "A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk)." "0003439" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003440" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003440" "limb nerve" "A nerve that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003440" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003441" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003441" "forelimb nerve" "A nerve that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003441" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003442" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003442" "hindlimb nerve" "A nerve that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003442" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003443" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003443" "thoracic cavity nerve" "A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." "0003443" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003444" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003444" "pelvis nerve" "A nerve that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]." "0003444" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003445" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003445" "pes nerve" "A nerve that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]." "0003445" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003446" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003446" "ankle nerve" "A nerve that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition]." "0003446" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003447" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003447" "digit nerve of manus" "A nerve that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." "0003447" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003448" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003448" "manus nerve" "A nerve that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003448" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003449" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003449" "tail intervertebral disc" "An intervertebral disk that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]." "0003449" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003450" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003450" "upper jaw incisor" "An incisor tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]." "0003450" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003451" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003451" "lower jaw incisor" "An incisor tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]." "0003451" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003452" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003452" "trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue" "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a trabecula carnea [Automatically generated definition]." "0003452" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003453" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003453" "large intestine Peyer's patch" "A Peyer's patch that is part of a large intestine." "0003453" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003454" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003454" "small intestine Peyer's patch" "nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine." "0003454" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003455" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003455" "inner renal medulla loop of Henle" "A loop of Henle that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." "0003455" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003456" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003456" "respiratory system lymphatic vessel" "A lymphatic vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003456" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003457" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003457" "head bone" "A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]." "0003457" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003458" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003458" "neck bone" "A bone that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." "0003458" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003459" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003459" "chest bone" "A bone that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." "0003459" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003460" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003460" "arm bone" "A bone that is part of the region of the forelimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia" "0003460" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003461" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003461" "shoulder bone" "A bone that is connected via a shoulder joint (i.e. glenohumeral or acromioclavicular joints). The shoulder bones are the clavicle, scapula and humerus - but note that these are only considered to be shoulder bones when a true shoulder is present, as in most tetrapods." "0003461" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003462" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003462" "facial bone" "A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]." "0003462" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003463" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003463" "trunk bone" "A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." "0003463" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003464" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003464" "hindlimb bone" "A bone that is part of a hindlimb region. Examples: any pes phalanx, femur. Counter-examples: ischium, pubis (they are part of the pelvic girdle)" "0003464" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003465" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003465" "obsolete chondrocranium bone" "A bone that is part of a chondrocranium [Automatically generated definition]." "0003465" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003466" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003466" "forelimb zeugopod bone" "A bone that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0003466" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003467" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003467" "sesamoid bone of gastrocnemius" "A small sesamoid bone situated behind a condyle of the femur." "0003467" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003468" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003468" "ureteric segment of renal artery" "The ureteral branches of renal artery are small branches which supply the ureter." "0003468" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003469" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003469" "respiratory system artery" "An artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003469" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003470" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003470" "artery of upper lip" "The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side. It supplies the upper lip, and gives off in its course two or three vessels which ascend to the nose; a septal branch ramifies on the nasal septum as far as the point of the nose, and an alar branch supplies the ala of the nose." "0003470" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003471" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003471" "artery of lower lip" "The Iinferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery." "0003471" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003472" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003472" "cerebellar artery" "An artery that supplies blood to the cerebellum." "0003472" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003473" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003473" "thoracic cavity artery" "An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm]." "0003473" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003474" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003474" "meningeal artery" "One of the arteries supplying a meninix[Automatically generated definition]." "0003474" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003475" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003475" "ureteric vein" "A vein that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]." "0003475" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003476" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003476" "respiratory system venous blood vessel" "A vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003476" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003477" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003477" "vein of upper lip" "The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the upper lip." "0003477" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003478" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003478" "vein of lower lip" "The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip." "0003478" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003479" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003479" "thoracic cavity vein" "A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." "0003479" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003480" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003480" "vein of clitoris" "A vein that is part of a clitoris [Automatically generated definition]." "0003480" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003481" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003481" "tail vein" "A vein that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]." "0003481" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003482" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003482" "vein of trabecular bone" "A portion of vein that is part of a trabecular bone tissue [Automatically generated definition]." "0003482" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003483" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003483" "thymus lymphoid tissue" "A portion of lymphoid tissue that is part of a thymus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003483" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003484" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003484" "eye sebaceous gland" "A sebaceous gland that is part of a camera-type eye. Example: a tarsal gland." "0003484" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003485" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003485" "vagina sebaceous gland" "A sebaceous gland that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition]." "0003485" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003486" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003486" "obsolete mammary gland sebaceous gland" "0003486" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003487" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003487" "skin sebaceous gland" "A holocrine gland of the dermis that secretes sebum into hair follicles." "0003487" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003488" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003488" "abdominal mammary gland" "A lactiferous gland that is part of the abdominal region [Automatically generated definition]." "0003488" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003489" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003489" "respiratory system capillary endothelium" "An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003489" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003490" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003490" "respiratory system reticular lamina" "A reticular lamina that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003490" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003492" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003492" "bronchus reticular lamina" "A reticular lamina that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003492" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003493" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003493" "trachea reticular lamina" "A reticular lamina that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]." "0003493" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003494" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003494" "respiratory system venule" "A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003494" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003495" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003495" "respiratory system arteriole" "An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003495" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003496" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003496" "head blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]." "0003496" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003497" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003497" "abdomen blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]." "0003497" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003498" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003498" "heart blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]." "0003498" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003499" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003499" "brain blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003499" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003500" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003500" "corneal blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a cornea [Automatically generated definition]." "0003500" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003501" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003501" "retina blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]." "0003501" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003502" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003502" "neck blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." "0003502" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003503" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003503" "leg blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]." "0003503" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003504" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003504" "respiratory system blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003504" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003505" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003505" "trachea blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a trachea." "0003505" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003506" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003506" "chest blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." "0003506" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003507" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003507" "arm blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0003507" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003508" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003508" "pedal digit blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." "0003508" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003509" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003509" "arterial blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta." "0003509" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003510" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003510" "eyelid blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." "0003510" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003511" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003511" "iris blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]." "0003511" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003512" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003512" "lung blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003512" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003513" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003513" "trunk blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." "0003513" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003514" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003514" "limb blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003514" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003515" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003515" "forelimb blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003515" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003516" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003516" "hindlimb blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003516" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003517" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003517" "kidney blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]." "0003517" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003518" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003518" "main bronchus blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003518" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003519" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003519" "thoracic cavity blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." "0003519" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003520" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003520" "pelvis blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]." "0003520" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003521" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003521" "pes blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]." "0003521" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003522" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003522" "manual digit blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." "0003522" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003523" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003523" "manus blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003523" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003524" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003524" "tail blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]." "0003524" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003526" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003526" "respiratory system capillary" "A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003526" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003527" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003527" "kidney capillary" "A capillary that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]." "0003527" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003528" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003528" "brain gray matter" "A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003528" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003529" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003529" "respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium" "An lymphatic vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003529" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003530" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003530" "pedal digit skin" "A zone of skin that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." "0003530" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003531" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003531" "forelimb skin" "A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003531" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003532" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003532" "hindlimb skin" "A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003532" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003533" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003533" "manual digit skin" "A zone of skin that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." "0003533" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003534" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003534" "tail skin" "A zone of skin that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]." "0003534" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003535" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003535" "vagus X nerve trunk" "A nerve trunk that is part of a vagus nerve." "0003535" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003536" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003536" "right lung alveolar duct" "An alveolar duct that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003536" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003537" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003537" "left lung alveolar duct" "An alveolar duct that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003537" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003538" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003538" "right lung bronchiole" "A bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003538" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003539" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003539" "left lung bronchiole" "A bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003539" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003540" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003540" "right lung terminal bronchiole" "A terminal bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003540" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003541" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003541" "left lung terminal bronchiole" "A terminal bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003541" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003542" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003542" "right lung respiratory bronchiole" "A respiratory bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003542" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003543" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003543" "left lung respiratory bronchiole" "A respiratory bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003543" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003544" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003544" "brain white matter" "The regions of the brain that are largely or entirely composed of myelinated nerve cell axons and contain few or no neural cell bodies or dendrites." "0003544" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003545" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003545" "obsolete brainstem white matter" "0003545" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003546" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003546" "distal convoluted tubule macula densa" "A macula densa that is part of a distal convoluted tubule [Automatically generated definition]." "0003546" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003547" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003547" "brain meninx" "A meninx that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003547" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003548" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003548" "forebrain meninges" "A meninx that is part of a forebrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003548" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003549" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003549" "brain pia mater" "The fibrous membrane forming the innermost of the three coverings that surrounds the brain within the cranial cavity that is firmly attached to the glial capsule." "0003549" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003550" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003550" "forebrain pia mater" "A pia mater that is part of a forebrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003550" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003551" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003551" "midbrain pia mater" "A pia mater that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003551" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003552" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003552" "telencephalon pia mater" "A pia mater that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003552" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003553" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003553" "diencephalon pia mater" "A pia mater that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003553" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003554" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003554" "hindbrain pia mater" "A pia mater that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003554" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003555" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003555" "spinal cord pia mater" "A pia mater that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]." "0003555" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003556" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003556" "forebrain arachnoid mater" "An arachnoid mater that is part of a forebrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003556" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003557" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003557" "midbrain arachnoid mater" "An arachnoid mater that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003557" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003558" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003558" "diencephalon arachnoid mater" "An arachnoid mater that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003558" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003559" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003559" "hindbrain arachnoid mater" "An arachnoid mater that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003559" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003560" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003560" "spinal cord arachnoid mater" "An arachnoid mater that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]." "0003560" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003561" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003561" "forebrain dura mater" "A dura mater that is part of a forebrain." "0003561" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003562" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003562" "midbrain dura mater" "A dura mater that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003562" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003563" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003563" "telencephalon dura mater" "A dura mater that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003563" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003564" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003564" "diencephalon dura mater" "A dura mater that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003564" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003565" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003565" "hindbrain dura mater" "A dura mater that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0003565" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003566" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003566" "head connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]." "0003566" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003567" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003567" "abdomen connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]." "0003567" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003568" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003568" "neck connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." "0003568" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003569" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003569" "leg connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]." "0003569" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003570" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003570" "respiratory system connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003570" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003571" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003571" "trachea connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trachea." "0003571" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003572" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003572" "chest connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." "0003572" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003573" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003573" "arm connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0003573" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003574" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003574" "elbow connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]." "0003574" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003575" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003575" "wrist connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]." "0003575" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003576" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003576" "hip connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]." "0003576" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003577" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003577" "knee connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]." "0003577" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003578" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003578" "pedal digit connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." "0003578" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003579" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003579" "shoulder connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]." "0003579" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003580" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003580" "lower respiratory tract connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]." "0003580" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003581" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003581" "eyelid connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." "0003581" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003582" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003582" "nasopharynx connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0003582" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003583" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003583" "larynx connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0003583" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003584" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003584" "mammary gland connective tissue" "The fibrous supportive tissue of the mammary gland." "0003584" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003585" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003585" "dermis connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]." "0003585" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003586" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003586" "trunk connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." "0003586" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003587" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003587" "limb connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003587" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003588" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003588" "forelimb connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003588" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003589" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003589" "hindlimb connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003589" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003590" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003590" "main bronchus connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003590" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003591" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003591" "lobar bronchus connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lobar bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003591" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003592" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003592" "bronchus connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003592" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003593" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003593" "thoracic cavity connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." "0003593" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003594" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003594" "pelvis connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]." "0003594" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003595" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003595" "pes connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]." "0003595" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003596" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003596" "ankle connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition]." "0003596" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003597" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003597" "manual digit connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." "0003597" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003598" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003598" "manus connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hand [Automatically generated definition]." "0003598" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003599" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003599" "tail connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]." "0003599" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003601" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003601" "neck cartilage" "A cartilage that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." "0003601" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003603" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003603" "lower respiratory tract cartilage" "A cartilage that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]." "0003603" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003604" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003604" "trachea cartilage" "the ring-shaped cartilaginous structures that support the trachea" "0003604" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003605" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003605" "eye skin gland" "A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]." "0003605" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003606" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003606" "limb long bone" "A long bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003606" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003607" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003607" "forelimb long bone" "A long bone that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003607" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003608" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003608" "hindlimb long bone" "A long bone that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003608" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003609" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003609" "aorta elastic tissue" "The dense connective tissue which contains predominantly elastic fibers and is found in the tunica media of the aorta wall." "0003609" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003610" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003610" "heart elastic tissue" "The type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers." "0003610" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003611" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003611" "respiratory system elastic tissue" "An elastic tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003611" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003613" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003613" "cardiovascular system elastic tissue" "An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003613" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003614" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003614" "blood vessel elastic tissue" "Elastic tissue layer that lines a blood vessel layer." "0003614" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003615" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003615" "lung elastic tissue" "Elastic tissue that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0003615" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003616" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003616" "bronchus elastic tissue" "An elastic tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003616" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003617" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003617" "trachea elastic tissue" "An elastic tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]." "0003617" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003618" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003618" "aorta tunica media" "The middle layer of the aorta wall, containing the smooth muscle layer and elastic fibers." "0003618" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003619" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003619" "aorta tunica intima" "The innermost layer of the aorta, containing the endothelium and an inner elastic membrane." "0003619" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003620" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003620" "manual digit 1 phalanx" "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." "0003620" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003622" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003622" "manual digit 2" "2nd digit of the manus." "0003622" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003623" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003623" "manual digit 3" "3rd digit of the manus." "0003623" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003624" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003624" "manual digit 4" "4th digit of the manus." "0003624" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003625" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003625" "manual digit 5" "5th digit of the manus." "0003625" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003631" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003631" "pedal digit 1" "1st digit of the hind autopod." "0003631" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003632" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003632" "pedal digit 2" "2nd digit of the hind autopod." "0003632" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003633" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003633" "pedal digit 3" "3rd digit of the hind autopod." "0003633" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003634" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003634" "pedal digit 4" "4th digit of the hind autopod." "0003634" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003635" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003635" "pedal digit 5" "5th digit of the hind autopod." "0003635" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003636" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003636" "manual digit 2 phalanx" "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0003636" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003637" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003637" "manual digit 3 phalanx" "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0003637" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003638" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003638" "manual digit 4 phalanx" "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0003638" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003639" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003639" "manual digit 5 phalanx" "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0003639" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003640" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003640" "pedal digit 1 phalanx" "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." "0003640" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003641" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003641" "pedal digit 2 phalanx" "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0003641" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003642" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003642" "pedal digit 3 phalanx" "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0003642" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003643" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003643" "respiratory system arterial blood vessel" "An arterial blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003643" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003644" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003644" "kidney arterial blood vessel" "An arterial blood vessel that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]." "0003644" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003645" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003645" "metacarpal bone of digit 1" "A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1." "0003645" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003646" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003646" "metacarpal bone of digit 2" "A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2." "0003646" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003647" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003647" "metacarpal bone of digit 3" "A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3[Automatically generated definition]." "0003647" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003648" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003648" "metacarpal bone of digit 4" "A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4." "0003648" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003649" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003649" "metacarpal bone of digit 5" "A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5." "0003649" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003650" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003650" "metatarsal bone of digit 1" "A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1." "0003650" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003651" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003651" "metatarsal bone of digit 2" "A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2." "0003651" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003652" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003652" "metatarsal bone of digit 3" "A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3[Automatically generated definition]." "0003652" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003653" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003653" "metatarsal bone of digit 4" "A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4." "0003653" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003654" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003654" "metatarsal bone of digit 5" "A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5." "0003654" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003655" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003655" "molar tooth" "Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals." "0003655" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003656" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003656" "mesopodium bone" "A bone that is part of a mesopodial skeleton." "0003656" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003657" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003657" "limb joint" "Any joint that is part of a (free) limb." "0003657" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003658" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003658" "hip muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]." "0003658" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003659" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003659" "pedal digit muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." "0003659" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003660" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003660" "eyelid muscle" "A muscle that attaches to an eyelid." "0003660" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003661" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003661" "limb muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003661" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003662" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003662" "forelimb muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb." "0003662" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003663" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003663" "hindlimb muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003663" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003664" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003664" "manual digit muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." "0003664" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003665" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003665" "post-anal tail muscle" "A muscle organ that attaches to a tail vertebra [Automatically generated definition]." "0003665" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003666" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003666" "upper jaw molar" "A molar tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]." "0003666" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003667" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003667" "lower jaw molar" "A molar tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]." "0003667" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003668" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003668" "synovial bursa" "A small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of slimy fluid. It provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint. This helps to reduce friction between the bones and allows free movement. Bursae are filled with synovial fluid and are found around most major joints of the body." "0003668" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003669" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003669" "fascia lata" "The deep fascia of the thigh. [WP,unvetted]." "0003669" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003670" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003670" "smegma" "A combination of exfoliated (shed) epithelial cells, transudated skin oils, and moisture. It occurs in both female and male mammalian genitalia[WP]." "0003670" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003671" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003671" "anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint" "A major stabilizing ligament in the knee that attaches the surfaces of the femur and tibia." "0003671" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003672" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003672" "dentition" "A collection of teeth arranged in some pattern in the mouth or other part of the body. The arrangement may be a simple row, a collection of rows, or a more elaborate structure, such as a toooth whorl." "0003672" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003673" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003673" "ligamentum flavum" "0003673" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003674" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003674" "cuspid" "A tooth that is typically long and pointed and bearing a single cusp." "0003674" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003675" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003675" "tooth crown" "The portion of the tooth covered by enamel." "0003675" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003676" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003676" "patellar ligament" "The central portion of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris. It is attached to the apex of the PATELLA and to the lower part of the tubercle of the TIBIA." "0003676" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003677" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003677" "tooth root" "The part of a tooth that is implanted in the gum; the root is normally located below the neck of the tooth, covered by cementum rather than enamel, and attached by the periodontal ligament to the alveolar bone" "0003677" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003678" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003678" "tooth apex" "0003678" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003679" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003679" "mouth floor" "The ventral area of the mouth. In organisms with a tongue, this is the area under the ventral surface of the tongue[ncit, modified]." "0003679" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003680" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003680" "posterior cruciate ligament of knee joint" "0003680" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003681" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003681" "masticatory muscle" "In humans: Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)" "0003681" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003682" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003682" "palatal muscle" "The muscles of the palate are the glossopalatine, palatoglossus, levator palati(ni), musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and tensor palati(ni)." "0003682" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003683" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003683" "rotator cuff" "A group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder. The four muscles of the rotator cuff are over half of the seven scapulohumeral muscles" "0003683" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003684" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003684" "abdominal cavity" "The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdomen proper (excluding the pelvic cavity)." "0003684" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003685" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003685" "cranial suture" "Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the skull are connected by sutural ligaments (scant amount of collagenous dense connective tissue). Examples: sagittal suture, frontal suture." "0003685" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003686" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003686" "tooth socket" "Dental alveolus (plural, alveoli) are sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process of maxilla with the periodontal ligament. The lay term for dental alveoli is tooth sockets. A joint that connect the roots of the teeth and the alveolus are called gomphosis (plural gomphoses). In mammals, tooth sockets are found in the maxilla and the mandible. [WP,unvetted]." "0003686" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003687" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003687" "foramen magnum" "In anatomy, in the occipital bone, the foramen magnum is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the skull, through which the medulla oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits the skull vault. Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the foramen magnum transmits the Spinal Accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments. [WP,unvetted]." "0003687" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003688" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003688" "omentum" "A fold of peritoneum originating at the stomach and supporting the viscera." "0003688" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003689" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003689" "sella turcica" "The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the human skull. [WP,unvetted]." "0003689" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003690" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003690" "fused sacrum" "A collection of sacral vertebrae in the sacral region that are fused and part of the bony pelvis." "0003690" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003691" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003691" "epidural space" "The outermost part of the spinal canal. It is the space within the canal (formed by the surrounding vertebrae) lying outside the dura mater." "0003691" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003692" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003692" "acromioclavicular joint" "Any joint connecting the acromonion of the scapula and clavicle." "0003692" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003693" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003693" "retroperitoneal space" "Anatomical space in the abdominal cavity behind (retro) the peritoneum. It has no specific delineating anatomical structures. Organs are retroperitoneal if they only have peritoneum on their anterior side." "0003693" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003694" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003694" "atlanto-axial joint" "The Atlanto-axial joint is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. There is a pivot articulation between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the transverse ligament of the atlas." "0003694" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003695" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003695" "metacarpophalangeal joint" "The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the first phalanges, with the exception of that of the thumb, which presents more of the characters of a ginglymoid joint. Arthritis of the MCP is a distinguishing feature of Rheumatoid Arthritis, as opposed to the distal interphalangeal joint in osteoarthritis. [WP,unvetted]." "0003695" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003696" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003696" "metatarsophalangeal joint" "The metatarsophalangeal articulations are the joints between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal bones of the toes . They are condyloid joints meaning an elliptical or rounded surface (of the metatarsal bones) come close to the shallow cavities (of the proximal phalanges). The ligaments are the plantar and two collateral." "0003696" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003697" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003697" "abdominal wall" "The tissues that surround the organs that are present within the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall tissue is composed of layers of fat, parietal peritoneum, fascia, and muscles." "0003697" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003698" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003698" "subtalar joint" "A joint of the pes that connects the talus and the calcaneus." "0003698" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003699" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003699" "pubic symphysis" "The firm fibrocartilaginous joint in the median plane between the two opposing surfaces of the pubic bones, which are united by an interpubic disc of fibrocartilage as well as the superior and arcuate pubic ligaments." "0003699" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003700" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003700" "temporomandibular joint" "A synovial joint of the jaw that connects the mandible to the temporal bone." "0003700" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003701" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003701" "calcaneal tendon" "The Achilles tendon is a tendon of the posterior leg. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone." "0003701" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003702" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003702" "inguinal canal" "the passage in the lower abdominal wall through which the spermatic cord in the male or the round ligament in the female, nerves and vessels pass from the pelvic cavity to the scrotum or labia majora, respectively" "0003702" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003703" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003703" "extrahepatic bile duct" "Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the common bile duct and the common hepatic duct." "0003703" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003704" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003704" "intrahepatic bile duct" "Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct." "0003704" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003705" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003705" "Meckel's diverticulum" "A small bulge in the small intestine present at birth. It is a vestigial remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct" "0003705" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003706" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003706" "laryngeal vocal fold" "Either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane projecting into the larynx." "0003706" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003707" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003707" "sinus of Valsalva" "one of the anatomic dilations of the ascending aorta, which occurs just above the aortic valve." "0003707" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003708" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003708" "carotid sinus" "A localized dilation of the internal carotid artery at its origin, the common carotid artery bifurcation." "0003708" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003709" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003709" "circle of Willis" "A circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. The Circle of Willis comprises the following arteries: Anterior cerebral artery (left and right); Anterior communicating artery; Internal carotid artery (left and right); Posterior cerebral artery (left and right); Posterior communicating artery (left and right).The basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries, supplying the brain, are also considered part of the circle" "0003709" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003710" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003710" "vasa vasorum" "Nutrient blood vessels which supply the walls of large arteries or veins." "0003710" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003711" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003711" "brachiocephalic vein" "The left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava." "0003711" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003712" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003712" "cavernous sinus" "The cavernous sinus (or lateral sellar compartment), within the human head, is a large collection of thin-walled veins creating a cavity bordered by the temporal bone of the skull and the sphenoid bone, lateral to the sella turcica." "0003712" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003713" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003713" "splenic vein" "A vein arising from the splenic trabecular vein in the hilum of the spleen that drains into the portal vein." "0003713" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003714" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003714" "neural tissue" "Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature." "0003714" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003715" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003715" "splanchnic nerve" "The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen, including the greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves that are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses and the lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia." "0003715" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003716" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003716" "recurrent laryngeal nerve" "A branch of the vagus nerve that supplies motor function and sensation to the larynx (voice box). It travels within the endoneurium. It is the nerve of the 6th Branchial Arch." "0003716" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003718" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003718" "muscle spindle" "The sensory organs in muscle that are involved in the stretch reflex." "0003718" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003719" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003719" "Pacinian corpuscle" "Any of the rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors found in subcutaneous tissue beneath both hairy and glabrous skin, and which normally contain an afferent nerve fiber surrounded by a capsule with multiple concentric layers." "0003719" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003720" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003720" "anterior cranial fossa" "The floor of the anterior fossa is formed by the orbital plates of the frontal, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and the small wings and front part of the body of the sphenoid; it is limited behind by the posterior borders of the small wings of the sphenoid and by the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove. The lesser wings of the sphenoid separate the anterior and middle fossae." "0003720" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003721" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003721" "lingual nerve" "The lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensory innervation to the tongue. It also carries fibers from the facial nerve, which return taste information from the anterior two thirds of the tongue." "0003721" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003722" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003722" "middle cranial fossa" "The compartment containing the anterior extremities and half the inferior surface of the temporal lobes (TEMPORAL LOBE) of the cerebral hemispheres. Lying posterior and inferior to the anterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, ANTERIOR), it is formed by part of the TEMPORAL BONE and SPHENOID BONE. It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) by crests formed by the superior borders of the petrous parts of the temporal bones[MESH]. The middle fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest. It is bounded in front by the posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, the anterior clinoid processes, and the ridge forming the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove; behind, by the superior angles of the petrous portions of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellC&; laterally by the temporal squamC&, sphenoidal angles of the parietals, and greater wings of the sphenoid. It is traversed by the squamosal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamosal, and sphenopetrosal sutures[WP]." "0003722" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003723" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003723" "vestibular nerve" "The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the Vestibulocochlear nerve (the cochlear nerve being the other). It goes to the semicircular canals via the vestibular ganglion. It receives positional information. Axons of the vestibular nerve synapse in the vestibular nucleus on the lateral floor and wall of the fourth ventricle in the pons and medulla. It arises from bipolar cells in the vestibular ganglion, ganglion of Scarpa, which is situated in the upper part of the outer end of the internal auditory meatus. [WP,unvetted]." "0003723" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003724" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003724" "musculocutaneous nerve" "a large branch of the brachial plexus supplying various parts of the upper arm (as flexor muscles) and forearm (as the skin)." "0003724" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003725" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003725" "cervical nerve plexus" "An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine that travels to the head and neck where it innervates skin and muscle." "0003725" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003726" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003726" "thoracic nerve" "The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls." "0003726" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003727" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003727" "intercostal nerve" "The intercostal nerves are the anterior divisions (rami anteriores; ventral divisions) of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. Each nerve is connected with the adjoining ganglion of the sympathetic trunk by a gray and a white ramus communicans. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation. The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb in addition to their thoracic branches; the next four are limited in their distribution to the parietes of the thorax; the lower five supply the parietes of the thorax and abdomen. The 7th intercostal nerve terminates at the xyphoid process, at the lower end of the sternum. The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the umbilicus. The twelfth thoracic is distributed to the abdominal wall and groin. [WP,unvetted]." "0003727" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003728" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003728" "mediastinum" "The central part of the thoracic cavity enclosed by the left and right pleurae." "0003728" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003729" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003729" "mouth mucosa" "A mucous membrane that lines the mouth." "0003729" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003820" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003820" "prostate bud" "A region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium destined to become the prostate[GO]." "0003820" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003821" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003821" "metapodium bone" "A bone of the metapodial skeleton" "0003821" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003822" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003822" "forelimb stylopod" "The part of the forelimb between pectoral region and the elbow, corresponding to the humerus." "0003822" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003823" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003823" "hindlimb zeugopod" "The middle limb segment of the pelvic free limb, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the hindlimb zeugopodial skeleton, which includes as parts the tibia and fibula, or their cartilage precursors, or evolutionary variants." "0003823" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003824" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003824" "nerve of thoracic segment" "A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." "0003824" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003825" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003825" "nerve of abdominal segment" "A nerve that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]." "0003825" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003826" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003826" "upper leg bone" "A bone that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0003826" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003827" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003827" "thoracic segment bone" "A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." "0003827" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003828" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003828" "abdominal segment bone" "A bone that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]." "0003828" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003829" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003829" "urethra muscle tissue" "Any muscle tissue that is part of the urethra." "0003829" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003830" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003830" "thoracic segment muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." "0003830" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003831" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003831" "respiratory system muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003831" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003832" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003832" "esophagus muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003832" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003833" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003833" "abdominal segment muscle" "A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]." "0003833" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003834" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003834" "thoracic segment blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." "0003834" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003835" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003835" "abdominal segment blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]." "0003835" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003836" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003836" "abdominal segment skin" "A skin of body that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]." "0003836" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003837" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003837" "thoracic segment connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." "0003837" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003838" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003838" "abdominal segment connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]." "0003838" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003839" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003839" "forelimb joint" "A limb joint that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003839" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003840" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003840" "hindlimb joint" "A limb joint that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003840" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003841" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003841" "autopod joint" "A limb joint that is part of an autopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0003841" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003842" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003842" "neural tube lumen" "An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube." "0003842" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003843" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003843" "dental epithelium" "Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ." "0003843" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003844" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003844" "upper eyelid epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of an upper eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." "0003844" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003845" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003845" "lower eyelid epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a lower eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." "0003845" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003846" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003846" "thymus epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a thymus, forming a supporting framework[MP,modified]." "0003846" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003847" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003847" "thyroid artery" "A artery that supplies a thyroid gland." "0003847" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003848" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003848" "gonadal vein" "In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carrying blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. Females : ovarian vein Males : testicular vein [WP,unvetted]." "0003848" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003849" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003849" "mesencephalic neural crest" "A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a midbrain." "0003849" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003850" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003850" "telencephalon neural crest" "A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a telencephalon." "0003850" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003851" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003851" "diencephalon neural crest" "A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a diencephalon." "0003851" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003852" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003852" "rhombencephalon neural crest" "A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain." "0003852" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003853" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003853" "spinal cord neural crest" "A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord." "0003853" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003854" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003854" "spinal cord neural plate" "A neural plate that develops_from a future spinal cord." "0003854" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003855" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003855" "gonad mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing gonad [Automatically generated definition]." "0003855" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003856" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003856" "uncondensed odontogenic mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme enclosed by a dental organ that gives rise to an odontogenic papilla." "0003856" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003857" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003857" "upper eyelid mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing upper eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." "0003857" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003858" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003858" "lower eyelid mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." "0003858" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003859" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003859" "forelimb mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003859" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003860" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003860" "hindlimb mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0003860" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003861" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003861" "neural arch" "posterior part of a vertebra that consists of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes: four articular processes, two transverse processes one spinous process[WP]. ZFA: A neural arch encloses the neural canal and typically meets its partner to form a neural spine. ." "0003861" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003862" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003862" "pedal digit 4 phalanx" "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0003862" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003863" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003863" "pedal digit 5 phalanx" "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0003863" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003864" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003864" "middle phalanx of manus" "A middle phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." "0003864" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003865" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003865" "distal phalanx of manus" "A distal phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." "0003865" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003866" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003866" "middle phalanx of pes" "A middle phalanx that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." "0003866" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003867" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003867" "distal phalanx of pes" "A distal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit [Automatically generated definition]." "0003867" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003868" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003868" "proximal phalanx of pes" "A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit [Automatically generated definition]." "0003868" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003869" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003869" "presumptive ganglion" "A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a ganglion." "0003869" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003874" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003874" "obsolete presumptive ventricle" "0003874" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003876" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003876" "hippocampal field" "a part or parts of the hippocampus that have a particular function" "0003876" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003881" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003881" "CA1 field of hippocampus" "Part of hippocampus proper bounded by CA2 and the subiculum, characterized by pyramidal neurons that receive projections from pyramidal neurons of CA3 via the Schaffer collaterals." "0003881" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003882" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003882" "CA2 field of hippocampus" "Part of hippocampus proper bounded by areas CA3 and CA1, characterized by a narrow layer of large pyramidal cells, similar in size to CA3 pyramidal cells, but which lack the mossy fiber input from the dentate gyrus (adapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 460)" "0003882" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003883" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003883" "CA3 field of hippocampus" "Part of hippocampus proper bounded by the hilus of the dentate gyrus and area CA2, characterized by large pyramidal cells and a dense projection from dentate gyrus granule cell mossy fibers." "0003883" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003884" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003884" "CA4 field of hippocampus" "The last of four regions in the cornu ammonis of the hippocampus and is also part of the hilus of the dentate gyrus. This area contains mostly mossy cells that receive inputs from the dentate gyrus and pyramidal cells in the CA3 region and also projects back to the dentate gyrus." "0003884" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003885" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003885" "mesometrium" "A mesentery that is part of a uterus [Automatically generated definition]." "0003885" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003886" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003886" "future coelemic cavity lumen" "An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen." "0003886" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003887" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003887" "intraembryonic coelom" "The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom" "0003887" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003888" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003888" "extraembryonic coelomic cavity" "the fluid-filled spaces formed within the mass of extraembryonic mesoderm that later fuse to become a large extraembryonic cavity" "0003888" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003889" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003889" "fallopian tube" "Initial section of the oviduct through which the ova pass from the ovary to the uterus" "0003889" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003890" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003890" "Mullerian duct" "paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin[WP]. develops either by lengthwise splitting of the archinephric duct (in chondrichthyans and some amphibians) or by a elongated invagination of the coelomic epithelium (other vertebrates) In males, the oviducts regress. The cranial end of the oviduct maintains an opening into the coelom (which primitively may have been the anteriormost coelomic funnels connecting the nephrocoel with the coelom). This opening is the ostium tubae[USM]." "0003890" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003891" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003891" "stroma" "Connective, non-functional supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ. Contrast with parenchyma." "0003891" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003893" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003893" "capsule" "A cover or envelope partly or wholly surrounding a structure. Examples: egg shell, articular capsules, renal capsules[WP]." "0003893" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003894" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003894" "liver primordium" "A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum." "0003894" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003895" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003895" "hypaxial myotome region" "Portion of myotome that is ventral to the horizontal septum" "0003895" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003896" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003896" "obsolete muscle of body wall" "Any muscle organ that is part of a body wall [Automatically generated definition]." "0003896" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003897" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003897" "axial muscle" "One of the skeletal muscles of the head and neck, spine, and ribs." "0003897" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003898" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003898" "skeletal muscle tissue of trunk" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue in the trunk." "0003898" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003900" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003900" "epaxial myotome region" "Portion of myotome that is dorsal to the horizontal septum" "0003900" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003901" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003901" "horizontal septum" "A logitudinal sheet of continuous connective tissue partition developing at the apex of the chevron-shaped myotome and separating dorsal (epaxial) and ventral (hypaxial) body wall muscle masses; each is destined to become, respectively, the epaxial and hyopaxial musculature." "0003901" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003902" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003902" "retinal neural layer" "The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]." "0003902" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003903" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003903" "bursa of Fabricius" "An epithelial and lymphoid organ that develops as a dorsal diverticulum of the proctodeal region of the cloaca in birds. The luminal (interior) surface of the bursa is plicated with as many as 15 primary and 7 secondary plicae or folds. These plicae have hundreds of bursal follicles containing follicle-associated epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. Lymphoid stem cells migrate from the fetal liver to the bursa during ontogeny. In the bursa, these stem cells acquire the characteristics of mature, immunocompetent B cells[WP]. The bursa is an organ found in birds involved in B cell differentiation[GO]." "0003903" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003904" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003904" "bursal plica" "Follicle containing part of bursa of Fabricius. The luminal (interior) surface of the bursa is plicated with as many as 15 primary and 7 secondary plicae or folds. These plicae have hundreds of bursal follicles containing follicle-associated epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. Lymphoid stem cells migrate from the fetal liver to the bursa during ontogeny. In the bursa, these stem cells acquire the characteristics of mature, immunocompetent B cells[WP]." "0003904" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003905" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003905" "bursal follicle" "Follicle within the plicae of bursa of Fabricius." "0003905" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003906" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003906" "cardiac jelly" "Portion of extracellular matrix between the myocardium and the endocardium. The cardiac jelly plays a central role in the septation of the heart and comprises most of the thickness of the heart wall at early stages, but disappears as the heart differentiates." "0003906" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003907" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003907" "left atrioventricular canal" "An atrioventricular canal that is in the left side of a atrioventricular region." "0003907" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003908" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003908" "right atrioventricular canal" "An atrioventricular canal that is in the right side of a atrioventricular region." "0003908" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003909" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003909" "sinusoid" "small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. Sinusoids are found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow and the spleen. Sinusoids found within terminal villi of the placenta are not comparable to these; they possess a continuous endothelium and complete basal lamina[WP]." "0003909" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003910" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003910" "splenic sinusoid" "wide vessels in the spleen that drain into trabecular veins[WP]." "0003910" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003911" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003911" "choroid plexus epithelium" "The epithelial component of the choroid plexus. Consists of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue." "0003911" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003912" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003912" "chitinous tooth" "tooth-like structure composed of chitin." "0003912" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003913" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003913" "tooth-like structure" "hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food." "0003913" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003914" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003914" "epithelial tube" "Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system." "0003914" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003915" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003915" "endothelial tube" "Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition]." "0003915" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003916" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003916" "fat pad" "A mass of closely packed fat cells (adipose tissue) surrounded by fibrous tissue septa[TMD]." "0003916" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003917" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003917" "arthropod fat body" "An insect gland dorsal to the insect gut, with a function analogous to that of the vertebrate liver. It is a storage organ for fats, glycogen and protein and is a major site of intermediary metabolism." "0003917" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003918" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003918" "kidney mesenchyme" "Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney[GO]." "0003918" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003919" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003919" "obsolete mesenchyme of adult kidney" "0003919" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003920" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003920" "venous blood vessel" "A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart" "0003920" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003921" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003921" "pancreas primordium" "embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud." "0003921" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003922" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003922" "pancreatic epithelial bud" "The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]." "0003922" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003923" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003923" "dorsal pancreatic bud" "pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct." "0003923" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003924" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003924" "ventral pancreatic bud" "pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct." "0003924" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003925" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003925" "photoreceptor inner segment layer" "Layer of the retina composed of the inner segments of the photoreceptor cells." "0003925" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003926" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003926" "photoreceptor outer segment layer" "0003926" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003927" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003927" "obsolete macula lagena" "This term was obsoleted as it was previously defined midleadingly as 'A macula that is part of a cochlea'." "0003927" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003928" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003928" "digestive system duct" "A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]." "0003928" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003929" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003929" "digestive tract epithelium" "An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract." "0003929" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003930" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003930" "atrioventricular canal endocardium" "Endocardium that is part of the atrioventricular canal[ZFA,vetted]." "0003930" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003931" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003931" "diencephalic white matter" "White matter that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0003931" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003932" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003932" "cartilage element of chondrocranium" "A cartilage element of chondrocranium. Example: neurocranial trabecula." "0003932" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003933" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003933" "cranial cartilage" "A cartilage element that is part of the cranial skeleton." "0003933" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003934" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003934" "mesenchyme pectoral fin" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pectoral fin [Automatically generated definition]." "0003934" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003935" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003935" "mesenchyme pelvic fin" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pelvic fin [Automatically generated definition]." "0003935" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003936" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003936" "postoptic commissure" "0003936" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003937" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003937" "reproductive gland" "Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction." "0003937" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003938" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003938" "sensory dissociation area" "The area of the parietal lobe that integrates tactile and visual stimuli" "0003938" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003939" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003939" "transverse gyrus of Heschl" "The area of the temporal lobe concerned with hearing[MP]. The transverse temporal gyri (also called Heschl's gyri or Heschl's convolutions) are found in the area of primary auditory cortex in the superior temporal gyrus of the human brain, occupying Brodmann areas 41 and 42. It is the first cortical structure to process incoming auditory information. Anatomically, the transverse temporal gyri are distinct in that they run mediolaterally (towards the center of the brain) rather than dorsiventrally (front to back) as all other temporal lobe gyri run. The Heschl's gyri are named after Richard L. Heschl." "0003939" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003941" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003941" "cerebellum anterior vermis" "The anterior portion of the narrow middle zone between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum that is located anterior to the primary fissure" "0003941" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003942" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003942" "somatic sensory system" "The sensory system for the sense of touch and pain." "0003942" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003943" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003943" "fourth lumbar dorsal root ganglion" "The group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra" "0003943" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003945" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003945" "somatic motor system" "The neural tissue involved in the transmission of motor signals" "0003945" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003946" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003946" "placenta labyrinth" "The placental layers where embryonic blood vessels are surrounded by trophoblast cells and maternal blood" "0003946" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003947" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003947" "brain ventricle/choroid plexus" "The brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses" "0003947" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003948" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003948" "blood-air barrier" "The membrane between the capillary blood and alveolar air, comprised of the alveolar epithelium and the capillary epithelium and their adherent basement membranes and epithelial cell cytoplasm" "0003948" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003949" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003949" "tubal tonsil" "The lymph tissue associated with the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube" "0003949" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003950" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003950" "inner ear canal" "The tubular ducts of the inner ear" "0003950" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003951" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003951" "ocular fundus" "The posterior concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the posterior segment of the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, visible by an ophthalmoscope" "0003951" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003952" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003952" "anterior stroma of cornea" "The anterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea" "0003952" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003953" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003953" "posterior stroma of cornea" "The posterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea" "0003953" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003954" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003954" "squamoparietal suture" "The articulation of the squamous portion of the temporal bones with the parietal bones[MP]. The squamosal suture arches backward from the pterion and connects the temporal squama with the lower border of the parietal: this suture is continuous behind with the short, nearly horizontal parietomastoid suture, which unites the mastoid process of the temporal with the region of the mastoid angle of the parietal[WP]." "0003954" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003955" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003955" "molar crown" "The part of a molar that is covered by enamel" "0003955" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003956" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003956" "aqueous drainage system" "The structures associated with drainage of the aqueous humor from the eye, that include the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, the uveoscleral network, and the aqueous veins" "0003956" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003957" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003957" "Bruch's membrane" "A transparent, nearly structureless innermost layer of the choroid in contact with the pigmented layer of the retina." "0003957" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003958" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003958" "long bone epiphyseal ossification zone" "The layer of the epiphyseal plate where new bone matrix is deposited" "0003958" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003959" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003959" "rete testis" "An anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicle (mediastinum testis) that carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia[WP]." "0003959" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003960" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003960" "styloid process of temporal bone" "slender needle-like pointed projection that runs downward and slightly forward from the base of the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone where it joins the tympanic portion; it gives attachment to the styloglossus, stylohyoid, and stylopharyngeus muscles and the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments" "0003960" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003961" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003961" "cingulum of brain" "The white matter fiber bundle that projects from the cingulate gyrus to the entorhinal cortex in the brain" "0003961" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003962" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003962" "pterygopalatine ganglion" "The small parasympathetic ganglion that supplies nerve fibers to the lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands" "0003962" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003963" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003963" "otic ganglion" "The ganglion that supplies nerve fibers to the parotid gland" "0003963" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003964" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003964" "prevertebral ganglion" "the sympathetic ganglia located in front of the vertebral column and are associated with the major branches of the abdominal aorta; these include the celiac, aorticorenal, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia" "0003964" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003965" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003965" "sympathetic afferent fiber" "The fibers that conduct sensory nerve impulses from the viscera through the posterior dorsal roots into the spinal cord" "0003965" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003966" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003966" "gonial bone" "investing bone that lies on the surface of the malleus." "0003966" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003967" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003967" "cutaneous elastic tissue" "The slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity" "0003967" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003968" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003968" "peripheral lymph node" "The lymph nodes located outside the thoracic and abdominal cavities, such as the submandibular, prescapular, axillary, inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes" "0003968" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003970" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003970" "placental labyrinth vasculature" "blood vessels of the layer of the placenta where embryonic and maternal blood vessels interdigitate" "0003970" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003971" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003971" "interfrontal bone" "A bone between the frontal bones in the skull; an extra bony plate within the anterior fontanelle that is not usually present" "0003971" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003972" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003972" "placenta junctional zone" "Fetally derived placental region that separates the maternal uterine tissue from the placenta labyrinth" "0003972" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003973" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003973" "nasal concha of ethmoid bone" "One of the conchae of the ethmoid bone, which occupy the caudal part of the nasal fossae and form the lateral and superior portions of the turbinate bones in mammals[MP]. The ethmoturbinals are associated with the cribiform plate. They are covered with olfactory epithelium. Primarily, they serve to increase the surface area over which olfactory receptor neurons can come in contact with respiratory air. These olfactory receptor nerves then synapse with the mitral cells of the olfactory lobes through the cribiform plate in the manner described above[Palaeos]" "0003973" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003974" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003974" "upper part of vagina" "The upper third of the vagina." "0003974" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003975" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003975" "internal female genitalia" "The internal feminine genital organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina." "0003975" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003976" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003976" "saccule duct" "The saccular portion of the utriculosaccular duct that normally extends from the sacculus to the endolymphatic duct" "0003976" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003977" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003977" "utricle duct" "The utricular portion of the utriculosaccular duct that normally extends from the utriculus to the endolymphatic duct" "0003977" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003978" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003978" "valve" "0003978" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003979" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003979" "utricle valve" "The utriculo-endolymphatic (UE) valve which is located in the antero-inferior wall of the utricle at the orifice of the utricular duct and serves to regulate endolymph volume in the endolymphatic sac, the utricle and the canals" "0003979" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003980" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003980" "cerebellum fissure" "One of a set of deep furrows which divide the lobules of the cerebellum. Examples: postcentral, primary and secondary furrows" "0003980" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003981" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003981" "primordial ovarian follicle" "primordial follicles are indiscernible to the naked eye and develop to primary, secondary, and finally mature vesicular follicles" "0003981" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003982" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003982" "mature ovarian follicle" "." "0003982" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003983" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003983" "conus arteriosus" "A conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary artery arises[WP]. the anteriosuperior, smooth-walled portion of the cavity of the right ventricle, beginning at the supraventricular crest and terminates in the pulmonary trunk[MP]." "0003983" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003984" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003984" "uterine tube infundibulum" "The funnel-like expansion of the abdominal extremity of the uterine tube[MP]" "0003984" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003985" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003985" "major sublingual duct" "The duct that drains the anterior portion of the sublingual gland and opens at the sublingual papilla" "0003985" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003986" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003986" "minor sublingual duct" "Any of the 8-20 small ducts that open into the mouth on the surface of the sublingual fold" "0003986" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003987" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003987" "Hassall's corpuscle" "The small spherical bodies of epithelial cells found in the medulla of the thymus, that are arranged in a concentric pattern around clusters of degenerating lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages" "0003987" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003988" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003988" "thymus corticomedullary boundary" "The dense region demarcating the thymus medulla from the surrounding cortex that is characterized by numerous blood vessels (predominantly arterioles) with some perivascular connective tissue, mature and immature T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, variable numbers of perivascular B-lymphocytes and plasma cells; site of entry of bone marrow stem cells and exit of mature, functional T cells" "0003988" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003989" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003989" "medulla oblongata anterior median fissure" "The longitudinal groove in the midline of the anterior aspect of the medulla oblongata" "0003989" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003990" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003990" "spinal cord motor column" "The subclasses of motor neurons which are organized into longitudinally oriented columns that occupy distinct and, in some cases, discontinuous domains along the rostrocaudal axis of the spinal cord; motor neurons within a single column send their axons to a common peripheral target" "0003990" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003991" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003991" "fourth ventricle median aperture" "The large midline opening of the posterior inferior part of the roof of the fourth ventricle that connects the fourth ventricle to the posterior cerebromedullary cistern and the spinal cord" "0003991" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003992" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003992" "fourth ventricle lateral aperture" "One of the two lateral openings of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space at the cerebellopontine angle[MP]." "0003992" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003993" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003993" "interventricular foramen of CNS" "The paired channels that connect the lateral and third ventricles and allows cerebrospinal fluid produced in the lateral ventricles to flow into the third ventricles" "0003993" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003994" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003994" "pelvic ligament" "The dorsal sacroiliac, the sacrotuberal and/or the iliolumbar ligaments associated with the bony ring formed by the pair of hip bones fused at the symphysis and their firm articulation with the sacrum" "0003994" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003995" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003995" "subarcuate fossa" "The irregular depression found on the posterior inner surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone just below its crest and above and lateral to the internal acoustic meatus[MP]." "0003995" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003996" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003996" "cervical vertebra 1 arcus anterior" "The arch that connects the lateral masses of the atlas anteriorly and articulates with the anterior articular facet of the dens of the axis[MP]." "0003996" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003997" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003997" "hyoid bone greater horn" "The larger and more lateral of the paired processes on either side of the hyoid bone[MP]" "0003997" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003998" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003998" "hyoid bone lesser horn" "shorter and more medial of the paired processes on either side of the hyoid bone[MP]" "0003998" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0003999" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003999" "hyoid bone body" "The main curve of the hyoid bone, from which the horns extend" "0003999" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004000" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004000" "tarsal gland acinus" "A sac-like structure comprising a sebaceous gland." "0004000" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004001" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004001" "olfactory bulb layer" "." "0004001" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004002" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004002" "posterior lobe of cerebellum" "The region of the cerebellum that is posterior to the primary fissure and anterior to the posteriolateral fissure" "0004002" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004003" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004003" "cerebellum hemisphere lobule" "The region of a cerebellar lobule that resides in either of the lateral sections of the cerebellum outside the vermis; in mammals, the vermis portion of the cerebellum has a foliation pattern along the AP axis that is distinct from the lateral cerebellar hemispheres" "0004003" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004004" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004004" "cerebellum lobule" "one of the the ten gyri of the cerebellar cortex" "0004004" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004006" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004006" "cerebellum intermediate zone" "The paired regions of the cerebellar hemisphere that lie adjacent to the vermis and are between the vermis and lateral regions of the hemispheres; it receives input from the corticopontocerebellar fibers that originate from the motor cortex, and also receives sensory feedback from the muscles; these signals are integrated by this region, to coordinate muscle activity with motor inputs" "0004006" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004008" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004008" "cerebellar plate" "The embryonic pseudostratified epithelium of the fourth cerebellar ventricle that eventually forms the vermis and ventral neuroepithelium" "0004008" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004009" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004009" "cerebellum posterior vermis" "The posterior portion of the narrow middle zone between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum that is located posterior to the primary fissure" "0004009" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004010" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004010" "primary muscle spindle" "The sensory organ in muscle; involved in the stretch reflex and sensitive to stretch velocity" "0004010" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004011" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004011" "secondary muscle spindle" "The sensory organ in muscle; involved in the stretch reflex and not sensitive to stretch velocity" "0004011" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004012" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004012" "golgi tendon organ" "The sensory organ in muscle that is involved in regulating muscle tension" "0004012" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004013" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004013" "egg cylinder" "The transient cup-like structure of the epiblast that consists of a single layer of embryonic cells" "0004013" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004014" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004014" "labium minora" "One of the folds of skin which form the inner lips on both sides of the vaginal opening" "0004014" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004015" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004015" "embryonic-extraembryonic boundary" "The connection between the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues" "0004015" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004016" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004016" "dermatome" "A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells." "0004016" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004017" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004017" "periocular mesenchyme" "The mesenchymal cells that give rise to the corneal endothelium, corneal stroma, sclera, iris stroma, ciliary muscle, ciliary stroma, and trabecular meshwork of the eye[MP]." "0004017" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004019" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004019" "baroreceptor" "The sensory nerve endings in the wall of the atria of the heart, vena cava, aortic arch and carotid sinus that are sensitive to changes in blood pressure" "0004019" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004020" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004020" "obsolete embryonic cilium" "OBSOLETE: the earliest cilia of the mouse embryo found on the cells of the embryonic node" "0004020" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004021" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004021" "spongiotrophoblast layer" "The structure of the outer structural layer of the rodent placenta[MP]." "0004021" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004022" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004022" "germinal neuroepithelium" "The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells" "0004022" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004023" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004023" "ganglionic eminence" "The transient proliferative population of neurons that expands exponentially during late prenatal development; it is a continuous germinal zone distinct from the ventricular zone that surrounds the brain ventricles[MP]." "0004023" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004024" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004024" "medial ganglionic eminence" "A distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the fetal subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the neocortex; however, hippocampal neurons, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the MGE." "0004024" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004025" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004025" "lateral ganglionic eminence" "A distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the fetal subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the striatum; however, neocortex, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the LGE" "0004025" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004026" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004026" "caudal ganglionic eminence" "The caudally located, distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the fetal subventricular zone, located adjacent to the lateral ventricle" "0004026" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004027" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004027" "chorionic plate" "That portion of the chorionic wall in the region of its uterine attachment, which gives rise to chorionic villi; it consists of the mesoderm that lines the chorionic vesicle and, on the maternal side, of the trophoblast that lines the intervillous spaces; in the last half of gestation, the mesodermal connective tissue is largely replaced by fibrinoid material, and the amnionic membrane is adherent to the fetal side of the plate." "0004027" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004029" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004029" "canal of Schlemm" "The vascular structure encircling the anterior chamber of the eye, through which the aqueous humor is returned to the blood circulation" "0004029" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004030" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004030" "aqueous vein" "A vessel that receives aqueous humor from the sinus venosus sclerae (canal of Schlemm)" "0004030" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004031" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004031" "head ectomesenchyme" "mesenchymal cells derived from neural crest cells that contribute to development of the hard and soft tissue in the head and neck, including the branchial arches[MP]." "0004031" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004032" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004032" "podocyte slit diaphragm" "The thin membrane that covers the podocyte filtration slit which allows small molecules such as water, glucose, and ionic salts to pass through while retaining larger macromolecules in the bloodstream" "0004032" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004033" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004033" "podocyte slit junction" "The gaps between the interdigitated foot processes of the podocyte" "0004033" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004034" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004034" "cutaneous microfibril" "The fiber-like strand of fibrillin that forms the scaffold of the cutaneous elastic fibers found in the extracellular matrix of the skin" "0004034" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004035" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004035" "cortical subplate" "The transient outer neural tube region that contains the first generated post-mitotic neurons that receive synaptic input from thalamic axons and in turn project axons to the developing cortical plate" "0004035" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004036" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004036" "obsolete retinal cone cell inner segment" "The retinal cone cell region which contains the machinery of the cell (mitochondria, golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, etc) and where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment region" "0004036" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004037" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004037" "obsolete retinal cone cell outer segment" "The retinal cone cell region in which the visual pigment rhodopsin is in invaginations of the cell membrane" "0004037" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004038" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004038" "obsolete retinal rod cell inner segment" "The retinal rod cell region which contains the machinery of the cell (mitochondria, golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, etc) and where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment region" "0004038" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004039" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004039" "obsolete retinal rod cell outer segment" "The retinal rod cell region which contains stacks of membranous discs separate from the outer cell membrane that are rich in the visual pigment rhodopsin" "0004039" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004040" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004040" "cortical intermediate zone" "The region of the developing mammalian cortex that extends between the ventricular zone and the cortical plate (CP); normally, the IZ is a region of tangential migration of cells, and at midgestation, the lower part of the IZ develops into the subventricular zone" "0004040" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004041" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004041" "spleen primary B follicle" "The nodules of small undifferentiated B lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells located in the spleen white pulp" "0004041" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004042" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004042" "spleen secondary B follicle" "The nodules of antigen-activated, differentiating B cells, follicular dendritic cells, antigen-presenting T cells and macrophages in the spleen white pulp" "0004042" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004043" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004043" "semicircular canal ampulla" "The spherical enlargement at the base of each semicircular canal where they connect with the utricle, containing the crista ampullaris which detects movement of the fluid within the canals" "0004043" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004044" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004044" "anterior visceral endoderm" "The extraembryonic tissue that is responsible for the proper orientation of the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo and for appropriate patterning of adjacent embryonic tissue" "0004044" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004045" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004045" "tailgut" "The extension of the hindgut of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo, caudal to the location of the anal opening" "0004045" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004046" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004046" "anterior definitive endoderm" "The mesendoderm which first migrates from the node and which gives rise to the gut" "0004046" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004047" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004047" "basal cistern" "The enclosed space where the arachnoid membrane stretches between the two temporal lobes and encloses the cerebral peduncles including the structures contained in the interpeduncular fossa" "0004047" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004048" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004048" "pontine cistern" "The space located on lateral aspects of the pons at the junction with the celebellum" "0004048" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004049" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004049" "cerebellomedullary cistern" "The largest of the subarachnoid cisterns between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata; it is divided into a posterior cerebellomedullary cistern located between the cerebellum and the posterior surface of the medulla (also called cisterna magna), and a lateral cerebellomedullary cistern located between the cerebellum and the lateral aspect of the medulla." "0004049" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004050" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004050" "subarachnoid cistern" "The widening portions of the subarachnoid space within the cranium where the arachnoid bridges over a depression on the surface of the brain" "0004050" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004051" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004051" "lateral cerebellomedullary cistern" "The space between the cerebellum and the lateral aspect of the medulla" "0004051" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004052" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004052" "quadrigeminal cistern" "The enclosed space extending forward between the corpus callosum and the thalamus that contains the internal cerebral veins" "0004052" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004053" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004053" "external male genitalia" "The external masculine genital organs, including the penis and scrotum" "0004053" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004054" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004054" "internal male genitalia" "The internal masculine genital organs, including the testes, epididymides, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate, ejaculatory ducts, and bulbourethral glands" "0004054" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004055" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004055" "primitive pit" "The small depression in the primitive streak that is caudal to the primitive node where the cells of the epiblast initially begin to invaginate during early embryogenesis" "0004055" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004056" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004056" "primitive groove" "The shallow valley that extends along the length of the primitive streak[MP]" "0004056" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004057" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004057" "skeletal muscle fiber triad" "The skeletal muscle fiber structure comprised of the transverse tubule and the two associated terminal cisternae; each fiber normally has thousands of triads" "0004057" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004058" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004058" "biliary ductule" "One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP]" "0004058" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004059" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004059" "spinal cord medial motor column" "The subclasses of motor neurons which project their axons to axial muscles that lie close to the vertebral column; motor neurons in the lateral subdivision of the MMC project their axons to body wall muscles" "0004059" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004060" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004060" "neural tube ventricular layer" "The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium" "0004060" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004061" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004061" "neural tube mantle layer" "The layer of glia and differentiating neurons that forms as a second layer around the germinal neuroepithium; as this develops it comes to lie between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates. Develops into neurons and glia forming a gray matter layer." "0004061" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004062" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004062" "neural tube marginal layer" "The outermost layer of the neural tube that consists of axons from the developing mantle layer and will form the white matter" "0004062" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004063" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004063" "spinal cord alar plate" "The region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies dorsal to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily sensory neurons and interneurons involved in communication of sensory impulses; the alar plate develops into the dorsal horn in the grey matter of the spinal cord" "0004063" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004064" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004064" "neural tube basal plate" "The region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies ventral to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily motor neurons and interneurons." "0004064" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004066" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004066" "frontonasal prominence" "The unpaired embryonic prominence that is formed by the tissues surrounding the forebrain vesicle and develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose/snout." "0004066" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004067" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004067" "lateral nasal prominence" "The lateral area of the two branches of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling in the future nasal region of the embryo; it separates the olfactory pit from the developing eye and the ala of the nose/snout develops from it" "0004067" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004068" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004068" "medial nasal prominence" "The central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo; it joins with the ipsilateral maxillary prominence in the formation of half of the upper jaw, and the nasal tip and philtrum of the upper lip develop from it" "0004068" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004069" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004069" "accessory olfactory bulb" "The forebrain region that coordinates sensory signaling arising from the vomeronasal organ; it is located on the dorsal-posterior portion of the main olfactory bulb, and the axons that leave the accessory olfactory bulb project to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus" "0004069" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004070" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004070" "cerebellum vermis lobule" "The region of a cerebellar lobule that resides in the central section of the cerebellum between the two hemispheres." "0004070" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004073" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004073" "cerebellum interpositus nucleus" "The nucleus composed of the globose and emoliform nuclei of the cerebellum; in some mammalian species the globose nucleus is not distinguishable" "0004073" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004074" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004074" "cerebellum vermis lobule I" "." "0004074" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004075" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004075" "cerebellum vermis lobule II" "." "0004075" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004076" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004076" "cerebellum vermis lobule III" "." "0004076" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004077" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004077" "cerebellum vermis lobule IV" "0004077" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004078" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004078" "cerebellum vermis lobule IX" "The uvula (uvular lobe) forms a considerable portion of the inferior vermis; it is separated on either side from the tonsil by the sulcus valleculC&, at the bottom of which it is connected to the tonsil by a ridge of gray matter, indented on its surface by shallow furrows, and hence called the furrowed band." "0004078" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004079" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004079" "cerebellum vermis lobule V" "." "0004079" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004080" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004080" "cerebellum vermis lobule VI" "." "0004080" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004081" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004081" "cerebellum vermis lobule VII" "0004081" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004082" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004082" "cerebellum vermis lobule VIII" "." "0004082" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004083" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004083" "cerebellum vermis lobule X" "." "0004083" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004084" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004084" "genital labium" "One of the folds of skin which form the inner lips (labia minora) and outer lips (labia majora) on both sides of the vaginal opening." "0004084" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004085" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004085" "labium majora" "One of the folds of skin which form the outer lips on both sides of the vaginal opening" "0004085" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004086" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004086" "brain ventricle" "one of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that like it are derived from the medullary canal of the embryo, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain a serous fluid" "0004086" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004087" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004087" "vena cava" "Any of the veins that carries deoxygenated blood from a part of the body into the right atrium of the heart." "0004087" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004088" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004088" "orbital region" "The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present" "0004088" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004089" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004089" "midface" "The middle of the face including the nose and its associated bony structures[MW]." "0004089" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004090" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004090" "periorbital region" "." "0004090" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004092" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004092" "hypothalamus-pituitary axis" "." "0004092" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004096" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004096" "odontoid process of cervical vertebra 2" "The toothlike process on the upper surface of the axis, which articulates with the atlas above[GAID]." "0004096" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004097" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004097" "obsolete renin-aldosterone axis" "." "0004097" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004098" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004098" "tibial plateaux" "." "0004098" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004099" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004099" "joint space of elbow" "Joint cavity shared by all the joints of the elbow. The elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis. All three share a joint cavity which is highly sinuated/scalloped/coved. Joint spaces of the elbow summarizes the joint cavity shared by all three adjoining joints of the elbow joint." "0004099" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004100" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004100" "renal collecting system" "The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. It participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone." "0004100" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004101" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004101" "nasolabial region" "." "0004101" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004103" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004103" "alveolar ridge" "one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth[WP]. The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth[HP]." "0004103" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004104" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004104" "hairline" "Anatomical line demarcating the boundary between forehead and scalp." "0004104" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004105" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004105" "subungual region" "Region beneath a nail or claw." "0004105" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004106" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004106" "crus of ear" "horizontal piece of cartilage located outside the ear canal that divides the upper and lower parts of the ear." "0004106" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004108" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004108" "clivus of occipital bone" "Part of the cranium, the clivus is a shallow depression behind the dorsum sellC& that slopes obliquely backward. It forms a gradual sloping process at the anterior most portion of the basilar occipital bone at its junction with the sphenoid bone. On axial planes, it sits just posterior to the sphenoid sinuses. Just lateral to the clivus bilaterally is the foramen lacerum which contains the internal carotid artery, proximal to its anastamosis with the Circle of Willis. Posterior to the clivus is the basilar artery. The clivus supports the upper part of the pons." "0004108" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004109" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004109" "cortex of humerus" "The outer or sperficial part of the humerus." "0004109" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004110" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004110" "midnasal cavity" "An anatomical cavity that is the combination of the cavity between the nares and the choanae[HP,modified]." "0004110" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004111" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004111" "anatomical conduit" "Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces." "0004111" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004113" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004113" "muscle of auditory ossicle" "A muscle of the tympanic cavity that attaches to an auditory ossicle." "0004113" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004114" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004114" "tympanic cavity" "small cavity surrounding the bones of the middle ear." "0004114" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004115" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004115" "blood vessel of tympanic cavity" "A blood vessel that is part of a tympanic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." "0004115" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004116" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004116" "nerve of tympanic cavity" "A nerve that is part of a tympanic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." "0004116" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004117" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004117" "pharyngeal pouch" "An internal pocketing of pharyngeal endoderm that contacts a region of ectoderm (a pharyngeal cleft) and interdigitates in the anterior and posterior directions with the pharyngeal arches." "0004117" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004118" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004118" "vasculature of iris" "A vasculature that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]." "0004118" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004119" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004119" "endoderm-derived structure" "An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm." "0004119" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004120" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004120" "mesoderm-derived structure" "An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm." "0004120" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004121" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004121" "ectoderm-derived structure" "An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm." "0004121" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004122" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004122" "genitourinary system" "Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction." "0004122" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004123" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004123" "myocardial layer" "Any of the layers of the myocardium. Example: compact layer, trabecular layer." "0004123" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004124" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004124" "myocardium trabecular layer" "The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the endocardium. In zebrafish, unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences[ZFA]." "0004124" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004125" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004125" "myocardial compact layer" "outer dense layer of the myocardium uniting the epicardium and myocardium[MP]." "0004125" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004126" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004126" "trabecular layer of ventricle" "A myocardium trabecular layer that is part of a cardiac ventricle." "0004126" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004127" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004127" "compact layer of ventricle" "The outer layer the ventricular myocardium, muscle fibers are arranged in a compact form and involved the entire ventricle." "0004127" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004128" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004128" "optic vesicle" "The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]." "0004128" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004129" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004129" "growth plate cartilage" "cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow." "0004129" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004130" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004130" "cerebellar layer" "A cortical cell layer of the cerebellum. Examples: the granular (inner+outer) layer, molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, and the ventricular layer of the embryo." "0004130" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004132" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004132" "trigeminal sensory nucleus" "The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans): * The mesencephalic nucleus * The chief sensory nucleus (or pontine nucleus or main sensory nucleus or primary nucleus) * The spinal trigeminal nucleus[WP]." "0004132" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004133" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004133" "salivatory nucleus" "." "0004133" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004134" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004134" "proximal tubule" "In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO]." "0004134" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004135" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004135" "distal tubule" "The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that consists of the distal convoluted tubule and distal straight tubule segments" "0004135" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004136" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004136" "intermediate tubule" "The intermediate tubule is a nephron tubule that lies between the proximal and distal tubules" "0004136" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004138" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004138" "somitomeric trunk muscle" "The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.[GO]." "0004138" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004139" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004139" "cardiogenic plate" "The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field" "0004139" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004140" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004140" "primary heart field" "A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle." "0004140" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004141" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004141" "heart tube" "An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart." "0004141" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004142" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004142" "outflow tract septum" "The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract" "0004142" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004145" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004145" "outflow tract" "The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries" "0004145" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004146" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004146" "His-Purkinje system" "The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles" "0004146" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004148" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004148" "cardiac vein" "Vein of heart that drains the myocardium" "0004148" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004149" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004149" "ventriculo bulbo valve" "A heart valve located between the ventricle and bulbus arteriosus." "0004149" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004150" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004150" "coronary sinus valve" "Vestigial cardiac valve which is continuous with the valve of the inferior vena cava[FMA]." "0004150" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004151" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004151" "cardiac chamber" "A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart" "0004151" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004152" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004152" "bulbus arteriosus" "The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic heart chamber[GO]. Multi-tissue structure that consists of three layers and through which the blood exits the heart. The bulbus arteriosus is a pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches[ZFA]." "0004152" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004153" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004153" "ventricular septum intermedium" "Endocardial cushions project into the atrial canal, and, meeting in the middle line, unite to form the septum intermedium which divides the canal into two channels, the future right and left atrioventricular orifices[Gray's via WP]." "0004153" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004154" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004154" "atrial septum primum" "In the developing heart, the cavity of the primitive atrium becomes subdivided into right and left chambers by a septum, the septum primum, which grows downward into the cavity. The increasingly smaller gap below it (before it fuses with the endocardial cushion) is known as the ostium primum. The septum primum eventually fuses with the endocardial cushion, closing the ostium primum off completely. Meanwhile, perforations appear in the superior part of the septum primum, forming the ostium secundum. This will eventually form part of the fossa ovalis." "0004154" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004155" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004155" "atrial septum secundum" "." "0004155" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004159" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004159" "atrial septum intermedium" "." "0004159" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004160" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004160" "proepicardium" "An embryonic group of progenitor cells that forms from an outpouching of the septum transversum near the venous pole of the heart and gives rise to the epicardium" "0004160" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004161" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004161" "septum transversum" "A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[VHOG]." "0004161" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004162" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004162" "pulmonary myocardium" "The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein" "0004162" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004163" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004163" "anterior ectodermal midgut" "portions of the midgut that are derived from ectoderm." "0004163" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004164" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004164" "branchiomeric muscle" "A jaw muscle that arises from cranial mesenchyme and is innervated by cranial nerves." "0004164" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004166" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004166" "superior reticular formation" "." "0004166" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004167" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004167" "orbitofrontal cortex" "The region of the cerebral cortex covering the basal surface of the frontal lobes; this region normally controls emotion and decision making" "0004167" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004170" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004170" "spinal cord ventral commissure" "The band of nerve fibers which cross the midline of the spinal cord ventral to the central canal and posterior grey commissure[MP]. The anterior (or ventral) white commissure, also known as the alba anterior medullae spinalis, is a bundle of nerve fibers which cross the midline of the spinal cord just anterior to the gray commissure. A N4 fibers and C fibers carrying pain sensation in the spinothalamic tract contribute to this commissure, as do fibers of the anterior corticospinal tract, which carry motor signals from the primary motor cortex[WP]." "0004170" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004171" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004171" "trigeminothalamic tract" "The trigeminothalamic tract is one of the major routes of nociceptive and temperature signaling from the face" "0004171" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004172" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004172" "pons reticulospinal tract" "Axon tract that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord." "0004172" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004173" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004173" "medulla reticulospinal tract" "Axon tract that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the medulla towards target cells in the spinal cord[GO]." "0004173" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004174" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004174" "obsolete leg joint" "Joint in the leg. For example the knee, which separates the leg tibia and femur" "0004174" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004175" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004175" "internal genitalia" "The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals" "0004175" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004176" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004176" "external genitalia" "The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals" "0004176" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004177" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004177" "hemopoietic organ" "Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system." "0004177" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004178" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004178" "aorta smooth muscle tissue" "the nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue located in the wall of the aorta" "0004178" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004179" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004179" "prostate glandular acinus" "A saclike structure of the prostate gland, comprised of at least three cell layers: an innermost layer of secretory columnar luminal epithelium, a middle layer of squamous basal epithelium that also contains neuroendocrine cells, transit amplifying cells, and stem cells, and an outer layer of smooth muscle intermixed with other stromal cells" "0004179" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004180" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004180" "mammary gland fat" "The mammary fat is an adipose structure in the gland that is invaded by the mammary ducts" "0004180" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004182" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004182" "mammary gland cord" "The solid cord of epithelial cells that emerges from the mammary bud and grows down from the primary mammary mesenchyme and into a second stromal compartment, the fat pad precursor, beneath the dermis." "0004182" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004183" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004183" "placental labyrinth blood vessel" "The embryonic vessels grow through the layer to come in close contact with the maternal blood supply" "0004183" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004184" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004184" "prostate gland stroma" "The prostate gland stroma is made up of the mesenchymal or fibroblast cells of the prostate gland" "0004184" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004185" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004185" "endodermal part of digestive tract" "A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm." "0004185" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004186" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004186" "olfactory bulb mitral cell layer" "The mitral cell layer is composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer" "0004186" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004187" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004187" "Harderian gland" "The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital gland usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species[GO]." "0004187" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004188" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004188" "glomerular epithelium" "The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros." "0004188" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004189" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004189" "glomerular endothelium" "The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus" "0004189" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004190" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004190" "renal glomerulus vasculature" "The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus" "0004190" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004193" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004193" "loop of Henle ascending limb thin segment" "A sub-portion of the loop of Henle in the nephron of the kidney that is permeable to ions but not to water" "0004193" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004194" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004194" "long nephron" "Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend to the inner medulla" "0004194" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004195" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004195" "short nephron" "Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical glomeruli, and have no short ascending limb, so the limb is situated in the outer medulla" "0004195" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004196" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004196" "proximal convoluted tubule segment 1" "The S1 portion is the initial portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes[GO]." "0004196" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004197" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004197" "proximal convoluted tubule segment 2" "The S2 portion of the tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride[GO]." "0004197" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004198" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004198" "comma-shaped body" "The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron" "0004198" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004199" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004199" "S-shaped body" "The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron" "0004199" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004200" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004200" "kidney pyramid" "Kidney pyramids are the conical arrangements of tubules that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts." "0004200" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004201" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004201" "kidney outer medulla inner stripe" "The inner stripe is a deep, centrally located portion of the renal outer medulla and is traversed by thick and thin portions of nephron tubules" "0004201" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004202" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004202" "kidney outer medulla outer stripe" "The outer stripe is the region of the kidney that lies distal to the line of termination of the straight renal tubules" "0004202" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004203" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004203" "cortical collecting duct" "The cortical collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex" "0004203" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004204" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004204" "outer medullary collecting duct" "The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla" "0004204" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004205" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004205" "inner medullary collecting duct" "The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla" "0004205" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004206" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004206" "long descending thin limb bend" "The long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment" "0004206" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004207" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004207" "prebend segment of loop of Henle" "The prebend segment is a part of the descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits robust sodium chloride reabsorption" "0004207" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004208" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004208" "nephrogenic mesenchyme" "Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron" "0004208" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004209" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004209" "renal vesicle" "The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells." "0004209" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004211" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004211" "nephron epithelium" "The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron" "0004211" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004212" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004212" "glomerular capillary" "the small branching blood vessels in the kidney glomerulus that receives blood from the kidney afferent arterioles; these capillaries are under high pressure for filtering within the glomerulus" "0004212" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004214" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004214" "upper leg nerve" "A nerve that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0004214" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004215" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004215" "back nerve" "A nerve that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." "0004215" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004216" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004216" "lower arm nerve" "A nerve that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0004216" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004217" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004217" "upper arm nerve" "A nerve that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0004217" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004218" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004218" "lower leg nerve" "A nerve that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." "0004218" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004219" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004219" "urethra smooth muscle layer" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]." "0004219" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004220" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004220" "large intestine smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0004220" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004221" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004221" "intestine smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0004221" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004222" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004222" "stomach smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a stomach [Automatically generated definition]." "0004222" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004223" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004223" "vagina smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition]." "0004223" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004224" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004224" "muscular coat of vas deferens" "A muscular coat that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]." "0004224" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004225" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004225" "respiratory system smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004225" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004226" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004226" "gastrointestinal system smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004226" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004227" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004227" "kidney pelvis smooth muscle" "the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the urothelium of the kidney pelvis" "0004227" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004228" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004228" "urinary bladder smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." "0004228" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004229" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004229" "urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." "0004229" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004230" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004230" "urinary bladder neck smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." "0004230" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004231" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004231" "anal region smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]." "0004231" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004232" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004232" "lymphatic vessel smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition]." "0004232" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004233" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004233" "lower respiratory tract smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]." "0004233" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004234" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004234" "iris smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]." "0004234" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004235" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004235" "mammary gland smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a mammary gland [Automatically generated definition]." "0004235" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004236" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004236" "arteriole smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]." "0004236" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004237" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004237" "blood vessel smooth muscle" "smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels." "0004237" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004238" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004238" "spleen smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Automatically generated definition]." "0004238" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004239" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004239" "small intestine smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]." "0004239" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004240" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004240" "gall bladder smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]." "0004240" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004241" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004241" "main bronchus smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004241" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004242" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004242" "bronchus smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004242" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004243" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004243" "prostate gland smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Automatically generated definition]." "0004243" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004245" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004245" "oviduct smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition]." "0004245" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004246" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004246" "outflow tract smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]." "0004246" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004247" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004247" "bone of dorsum" "A bone that is part of the dorsal region of an animal." "0004247" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004248" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004248" "pedal digit bone" "A bone that is part of a hindlimb digit. Typically phalanges but may include sesamoids." "0004248" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004249" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004249" "manual digit bone" "A bone that is part of a forelimb digit. Typically phalanges but may include sesamoids." "0004249" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004250" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004250" "upper arm bone" "A bone that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0004250" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004251" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004251" "hindlimb zeugopod bone" "A bone that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." "0004251" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004252" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004252" "hindlimb stylopod muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg)[Automatically generated definition]." "0004252" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004253" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004253" "skin muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]." "0004253" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004254" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004254" "forelimb zeugopod muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb zeugopod (lower arm)[Automatically generated definition]." "0004254" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004255" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004255" "forelimb stylopod muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb stylopod (upper arm)[Automatically generated definition]." "0004255" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004256" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004256" "hindlimb zeugopod muscle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod (lower leg) [Automatically generated definition]." "0004256" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004257" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004257" "upper leg blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0004257" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004258" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004258" "back blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." "0004258" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004259" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004259" "lower arm blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0004259" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004260" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004260" "upper arm blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0004260" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004261" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004261" "lower leg blood vessel" "A blood vessel that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." "0004261" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004262" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004262" "upper leg skin" "A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0004262" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004263" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004263" "upper arm skin" "A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0004263" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004264" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004264" "lower leg skin" "A zone of skin that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." "0004264" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004265" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004265" "outflow tract myocardium" "A myocardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]." "0004265" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004266" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004266" "upper leg connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0004266" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004267" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004267" "back connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." "0004267" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004268" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004268" "lower arm connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0004268" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004269" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004269" "upper arm connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0004269" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004270" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004270" "lower leg connective tissue" "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." "0004270" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004271" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004271" "outflow tract pericardium" "A pericardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]." "0004271" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004273" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004273" "cartilaginous joint suture" "A cranial suture that is part of a cartilaginous joint [Automatically generated definition]." "0004273" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004274" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004274" "lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium" "A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a lateral ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004274" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004275" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004275" "third ventricle choroid plexus epithelium" "A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a third ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004275" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004276" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004276" "fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelium" "A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a fourth ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004276" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004277" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004277" "eye muscle" "A muscle that is part of the eye region." "0004277" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004288" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004288" "skeleton" "Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body." "0004288" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004289" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004289" "radula" "An anatomical structure found in mollusks and used for feeding. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon. It is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus. The radula is unique to the molluscs, and is found in all classes of mollusks except for the bivalves." "0004289" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004290" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004290" "dermomyotome" "The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome." "0004290" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004291" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004291" "heart rudiment" "A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube." "0004291" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004292" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004292" "cardiac skeleton" "Dense connective tissue that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart." "0004292" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004293" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004293" "parasympathetic nerve" "A nerve that is part of a parasympathetic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004293" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004294" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004294" "glomerular capillary endothelium" "An endothelium that is part of a glomerular capillary." "0004294" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004295" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004295" "sympathetic nerve trunk" "A nerve trunk that is part of a sympathetic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004295" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004296" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004296" "respiratory system lymphatic vessel smooth muscle" "A lymphatic vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004296" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004297" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004297" "respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle" "A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004297" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004300" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004300" "distal phalanx" "Distal-most phalanx within a digit." "0004300" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004301" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004301" "middle phalanx" "A phalanx located between proximal and distal phalanges." "0004301" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004302" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004302" "proximal phalanx" "Proximal-most phalanx within a digit." "0004302" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004311" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004311" "distal phalanx of manual digit 2" "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004311" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004312" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004312" "distal phalanx of manual digit 3" "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004312" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004313" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004313" "distal phalanx of manual digit 4" "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004313" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004314" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004314" "distal phalanx of manual digit 5" "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004314" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004315" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004315" "distal phalanx of pedal digit 1" "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004315" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004316" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004316" "distal phalanx of pedal digit 2" "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004316" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004317" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004317" "distal phalanx of pedal digit 3" "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004317" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004318" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004318" "distal phalanx of pedal digit 4" "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004318" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004319" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004319" "distal phalanx of pedal digit 5" "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004319" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004320" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004320" "middle phalanx of manual digit 2" "A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004320" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004321" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004321" "middle phalanx of manual digit 3" "A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004321" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004322" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004322" "middle phalanx of manual digit 4" "A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004322" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004323" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004323" "middle phalanx of manual digit 5" "A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004323" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004324" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004324" "middle phalanx of pedal digit 2" "A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004324" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004325" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004325" "middle phalanx of pedal digit 3" "A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004325" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004326" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004326" "middle phalanx of pedal digit 4" "A middle phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004326" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004327" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004327" "middle phalanx of pedal digit 5" "A middle phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004327" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004328" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004328" "proximal phalanx of manual digit 2" "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004328" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004329" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004329" "proximal phalanx of manual digit 3" "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004329" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004330" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004330" "proximal phalanx of manual digit 4" "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004330" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004331" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004331" "proximal phalanx of manual digit 5" "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004331" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004332" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004332" "proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1" "A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004332" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004333" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004333" "proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2" "A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004333" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004334" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004334" "proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3" "A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004334" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004335" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004335" "proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4" "A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004335" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004336" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004336" "proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5" "A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004336" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004337" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004337" "distal phalanx of manual digit 1" "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004337" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004338" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004338" "proximal phalanx of manual digit 1" "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004338" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004339" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004339" "vault of skull" "Upper part of skull, consisting of parietals, frontals, post-parietals, and in some species the squamosal and a portion of the alisphenoid" "0004339" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004340" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004340" "allantois" "A membranous sac that develops from the posterior part of the alimentary canal in the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, and it is important in the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta in mammals[VHOG]." "0004340" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004341" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004341" "primitive streak" "The primitive streak is a structure that forms during the early stages of avian, reptilian and mammalian embryonic development[WP]. the midline ridge of the embryonic epiblast that later develops into mesoderm and endoderm[MP]" "0004341" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004344" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004344" "cardinal vein" "Any of the four veins in the developing vertebrate embryo which run along each side of the vertebral column" "0004344" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004345" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004345" "trophectoderm" "outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition" "0004345" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004346" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004346" "gubernaculum (male or female)" "embryonic structures which begin as undifferentiated mesenchyme attaching to the caudal end of the gonads. The gubernaculum is present only during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs, being replaced by distinct vestiges in males and females[WP]. Enitoinguinal ligaments that, in the male, connect the fetal testis to the developing scrotum, and, in the female, connect the ovaries to the uterus[MP]" "0004346" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004347" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004347" "limb bud" "An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb. The limb bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]." "0004347" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004348" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004348" "optic eminence" "The embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm" "0004348" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004353" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004353" "female inguinal canal" "An inguinal canal that is part of a female organism. Conveys the round ligament + the ilioinguinal nerve.[WP,unvetted]." "0004353" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004354" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004354" "male inguinal canal" "An inguinal canal that is part of a male organism. Conveys the spermatic cord and its coverings + the ilioinguinal nerve.[WP,unvetted]." "0004354" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004355" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004355" "obsolete podocyte foot process" "0004355" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004356" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004356" "apical ectodermal ridge" "multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb or fin bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP,modified]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]." "0004356" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004357" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004357" "paired limb/fin bud" "An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb or paired fin. The limb/fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]." "0004357" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004358" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004358" "caput epididymis" "The head of the epididymis" "0004358" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004359" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004359" "corpus epididymis" "The body of the epididymis" "0004359" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004360" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004360" "cauda epididymis" "The tail of the epididymis" "0004360" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004361" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004361" "stylohyoid ligament" "The fibrous cord that connects the tip of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone" "0004361" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004362" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004362" "pharyngeal arch 1" "The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries" "0004362" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004363" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004363" "pharyngeal arch artery" "One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures formed within a pharyngeal arch; in the adult, some of these vessels give rise to the great vessels[MP]" "0004363" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004364" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004364" "ectoplacental cone" "thickened trophoblast of the blastocyst in rodents that becomes the fetal portion of the placenta" "0004364" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004365" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004365" "vitelline blood vessel" "blood vessel that is connected to the yolk sac." "0004365" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004366" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004366" "extraembryonic ectoderm" "layer of the endoderm of the extraembryonic tissue." "0004366" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004367" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004367" "Descemet's membrane" "A transparent homogeneous acellular layer found between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea[MP]." "0004367" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004368" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004368" "Reichert's cartilage" "A continuous cartilaginous formation in mesenchyme of the second pharyngeal arch in the embryo. The longer cranial or styloid segment is continuous with the otic capsule; its inferior end is angulated and is situated very close to the oropharynx. The smaller caudal segment is in contact with the body and greater horn of the hyoid cartilaginous structure" "0004368" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004369" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004369" "Reichert's membrane" "An nonvascular extraembryonic basement membrane that forms on the inner surface of the trophectoderm during placenta morphogenesis and is secreted by the distal parietal endoderm; required for the maternofetal exchange of nutrients and is important for the postgastrulation development[MP]. a thick multilayered basement membrane between the parietal endoderm cells and the trophoblast cells" "0004369" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004370" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004370" "anterior limiting lamina of cornea" "A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; it is considered to be a basement membrane." "0004370" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004374" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004374" "vitelline vasculature" "vascular network that is connected to the yolk sac." "0004374" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004375" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004375" "bone of free limb or fin" "A bone that is part of an appendage [Automatically generated definition]." "0004375" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004376" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004376" "fin bone" "A bone that is part of a fin [Automatically generated definition]." "0004376" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004377" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004377" "distal metaphysis" "A metaphysis that is in the distal side of a diaphysis." "0004377" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004378" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004378" "proximal metaphysis" "A metaphysis that is in the proximal side of a diaphysis." "0004378" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004379" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004379" "distal epiphysis" "An epiphysis that is on the distal side of the bone." "0004379" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004380" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004380" "proximal epiphysis" "An epiphysis that is on the proximal side of the bone." "0004380" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004381" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004381" "skeleton of limb" "The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb." "0004381" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004382" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004382" "epiphysis of humerus" "An epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004382" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004383" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004383" "epiphysis of tibia" "An epiphysis that is part of a tibia [Automatically generated definition]." "0004383" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004384" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004384" "epiphysis of femur" "An epiphysis that is part of a femur [Automatically generated definition]." "0004384" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004385" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004385" "epiphysis of radius" "An epiphysis that is part of a radius [Automatically generated definition]." "0004385" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004386" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004386" "epiphysis of ulna" "An epiphysis that is part of an ulna [Automatically generated definition]." "0004386" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004387" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004387" "epiphysis of phalanx of manus" "An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of a manus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004387" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004388" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004388" "epiphysis of fibula" "An epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Automatically generated definition]." "0004388" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004389" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004389" "epiphysis of metatarsal bone" "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Automatically generated definition]." "0004389" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004390" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004390" "epiphysis of metacarpal bone" "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Automatically generated definition]." "0004390" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004391" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004391" "epiphysis of first metacarpal bone" "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004391" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004392" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004392" "epiphysis of second metacarpal bone" "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004392" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004393" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004393" "epiphysis of third metacarpal bone" "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004393" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004394" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004394" "epiphysis of fourth metacarpal bone" "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004394" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004395" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004395" "epiphysis of first metatarsal bone" "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004395" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004396" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004396" "epiphysis of second metatarsal bone" "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004396" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004397" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004397" "epiphysis of third metatarsal bone" "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004397" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004398" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004398" "epiphysis of fourth metatarsal bone" "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004398" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004399" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004399" "epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone" "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004399" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004400" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004400" "bone tissue of epiphysis" "A portion of bone tissue that is part of a epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]." "0004400" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004401" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004401" "bone tissue of distal epiphysis" "A portion of bone tissue that is part of a distal epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]." "0004401" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004402" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004402" "bone tissue of proximal epiphysis" "A portion of bone tissue that is part of a proximal epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]." "0004402" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004403" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004403" "periosteum of epiphysis" "A periosteum that is part of a epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]." "0004403" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004404" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004404" "distal epiphysis of humerus" "A distal epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004404" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004405" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004405" "distal epiphysis of tibia" "A distal epiphysis that is part of a tibia [Automatically generated definition]." "0004405" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004406" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004406" "distal epiphysis of femur" "A distal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Automatically generated definition]." "0004406" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004407" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004407" "distal epiphysis of radius" "A distal epiphysis that is part of a radius [Automatically generated definition]." "0004407" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004408" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004408" "distal epiphysis of ulna" "A distal epiphysis that is part of a ulna [Automatically generated definition]." "0004408" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004409" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004409" "distal epiphysis of phalanx of manus" "A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of manus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004409" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004410" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004410" "distal epiphysis of fibula" "A distal epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Automatically generated definition]." "0004410" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004411" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004411" "proximal epiphysis of humerus" "The upper extremity of the humerus (proximal humerus) consists of a large rounded head joined to the body by a constricted portion called the neck, and two eminences, the greater and lesser tubercles." "0004411" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004412" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004412" "proximal epiphysis of femur" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Automatically generated definition]." "0004412" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004413" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004413" "proximal epiphysis of radius" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a radius [Automatically generated definition]." "0004413" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004414" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004414" "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manus" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of manus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004414" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004415" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004415" "proximal epiphysis of metatarsal bone" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Automatically generated definition]." "0004415" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004416" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004416" "proximal epiphysis of metacarpal bone" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Automatically generated definition]." "0004416" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004417" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004417" "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 1" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 1 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." "0004417" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004418" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004418" "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 2" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 2 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." "0004418" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004419" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004419" "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 3" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 3 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." "0004419" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004420" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004420" "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 4" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 4 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." "0004420" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004421" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004421" "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 5" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 5 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." "0004421" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004422" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004422" "proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004422" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004423" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004423" "proximal epiphysis of second metacarpal bone" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004423" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004424" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004424" "proximal epiphysis of third metacarpal bone" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004424" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004425" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004425" "proximal epiphysis of fourth metacarpal bone" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004425" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004426" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004426" "proximal epiphysis of fifth metacarpal bone" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004426" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004427" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004427" "proximal epiphysis of first metatarsal bone" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004427" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004428" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004428" "proximal epiphysis of second metatarsal bone" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004428" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004429" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004429" "proximal epiphysis of third metatarsal bone" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004429" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004430" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004430" "proximal epiphysis of fourth metatarsal bone" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004430" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004431" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004431" "proximal epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004431" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004432" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004432" "proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 2" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004432" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004433" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004433" "proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 3" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004433" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004434" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004434" "proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 4" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004434" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004435" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004435" "proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 5" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004435" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004436" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004436" "proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 2" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manual digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004436" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004437" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004437" "proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 3" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004437" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004438" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004438" "proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 4" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manual digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004438" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004439" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004439" "proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 5" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004439" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004440" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004440" "proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 2" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004440" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004441" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004441" "proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 3" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004441" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004442" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004442" "proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 4" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004442" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004443" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004443" "proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 5" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004443" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004444" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004444" "proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 1" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004444" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004445" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004445" "proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 1" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." "0004445" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004446" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004446" "epiphysis of phalanx" "An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." "0004446" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004447" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004447" "proximal epiphysis of phalanx" "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." "0004447" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004448" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004448" "distal epiphysis of phalanx" "A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." "0004448" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004449" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004449" "cerebral artery" "One of three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which irrigate the cerebrum of the brain." "0004449" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004450" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004450" "gastric vein" "A laterally paired vein that drains blood away from the lesser curvature of the stomach." "0004450" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004451" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004451" "trunk or cervical vertebra" "A vertebra in the trunk or cervical region. Includes all cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, but excludes caudal vertebra." "0004451" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004452" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004452" "carpal region" "A mesopodium that is part of a manus. Includes as parts the carpal skeleton and associated tissues[cjm]. The anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints. This region also includes the carpal tunnel, the anatomical snuff box, the flexor retinaculum, and the extensor retinaculum[WP,unvetted]" "0004452" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004453" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004453" "metacarpus region" "A metapodium region that is part of a manus." "0004453" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004454" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004454" "tarsal region" "mesopodial segment of the pes, including the tarsal skeleton and associated tissues." "0004454" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004455" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004455" "neurula embryo" "An embryo at the neurula stage." "0004455" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004456" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004456" "entire sense organ system" "Sum of all sensory systems in an organism." "0004456" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004457" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004457" "obsolete cavity lining" "0004457" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004458" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004458" "obsolete body cavity or lining" "Either a cavity lining or the space it encloses." "0004458" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004461" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004461" "skeletal musculature of head" "Any collection of skeletal muscles that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]." "0004461" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004462" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004462" "musculature of body wall" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a body wall [Automatically generated definition]." "0004462" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004463" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004463" "musculature of hindlimb stylopod" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg / thigh)[Automatically generated definition]." "0004463" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004464" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004464" "musculature of thorax" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." "0004464" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004465" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004465" "musculature of neck" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." "0004465" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004466" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004466" "musculature of leg" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a lower leg or upper leg [Automatically generated definition]." "0004466" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004467" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004467" "musculature of pharynx" "the collection of muscles that acts on the pharynx." "0004467" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004468" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004468" "set of muscles of vertebral column" "0004468" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004469" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004469" "musculature of back" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." "0004469" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004470" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004470" "musculature of pelvic girdle" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004470" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004471" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004471" "musculature of pectoral girdle" "A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles." "0004471" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004472" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004472" "obsolete musculature of thorax" "0004472" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004473" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004473" "musculature of face" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a face." "0004473" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004474" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004474" "musculature of arm" "Any collection of muscles that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0004474" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004475" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004475" "musculature of hip" "The collection of muscles that form attachments to the hip skeleton." "0004475" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004476" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004476" "musculature of shoulder" "The collection of muscles that form attachments to the shoulder skeleton." "0004476" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004477" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004477" "obsolete tongue musculature" "0004477" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004478" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004478" "musculature of larynx" "The collection of muscles that are part of the larynx." "0004478" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004479" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004479" "musculature of trunk" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." "0004479" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004480" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004480" "musculature of limb" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." "0004480" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004481" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004481" "musculature of upper limb" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0004481" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004482" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004482" "musculature of lower limb" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0004482" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004483" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004483" "obsolete iliocostalis musculature" "0004483" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004484" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004484" "obsolete splenius musculature" "0004484" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004486" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004486" "musculature of perineum" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a perineum [Automatically generated definition]." "0004486" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004487" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004487" "musculature of forelimb zeugopod" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." "0004487" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004488" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004488" "musculature of pes" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]." "0004488" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004489" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004489" "musculature of manus" "Any collection of muscles that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004489" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004490" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004490" "cardiac muscle tissue of atrium" "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an atrium [Automatically generated definition]." "0004490" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004491" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004491" "cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum" "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Automatically generated definition]." "0004491" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004492" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004492" "cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac septum" "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Automatically generated definition]." "0004492" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004493" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004493" "cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium" "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition]." "0004493" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004494" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004494" "cardiac muscle tissue of papillary muscle" "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a papillary muscle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004494" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004495" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004495" "skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]." "0004495" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004496" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004496" "skeletal muscle tissue of iliacus" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a iliacus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004496" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004497" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004497" "skeletal muscle tissue of gluteus maximus" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a gluteus maximus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004497" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004498" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004498" "skeletal muscle tissue of quadriceps femoris" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a quadriceps femoris [Automatically generated definition]." "0004498" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004499" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004499" "skeletal muscle tissue of tibialis anterior" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tibialis anterior [Automatically generated definition]." "0004499" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004500" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004500" "skeletal muscle tissue of deltoid" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a deltoid [Automatically generated definition]." "0004500" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004501" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004501" "skeletal muscle tissue of teres major" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a teres major [Automatically generated definition]." "0004501" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004502" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004502" "skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a biceps brachii [Automatically generated definition]." "0004502" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004503" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004503" "skeletal muscle tissue of digastric" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a digastric [Automatically generated definition]." "0004503" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004504" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004504" "skeletal muscle tissue of mylohyoid" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a mylohyoid [Automatically generated definition]." "0004504" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004505" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004505" "skeletal muscle tissue of orbicularis oculi" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a orbicularis oculi [Automatically generated definition]." "0004505" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004506" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004506" "skeletal muscle tissue of masseter" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a masseter [Automatically generated definition]." "0004506" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004507" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004507" "skeletal muscle tissue of temporalis" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a temporalis [Automatically generated definition]." "0004507" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004508" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004508" "skeletal muscle tissue of levator palpebrae superioris" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a levator palpebrae superioris [Automatically generated definition]." "0004508" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004509" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004509" "skeletal muscle tissue of trapezius" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a trapezius [Automatically generated definition]." "0004509" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004510" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004510" "skeletal muscle tissue of pectoralis major" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pectoralis major [Automatically generated definition]." "0004510" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004511" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004511" "skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a rectus abdominis [Automatically generated definition]." "0004511" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004512" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004512" "skeletal muscle tissue of supraspinatus" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a supraspinatus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004512" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004513" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004513" "skeletal muscle tissue of internal intercostal muscle" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a internal intercostal muscle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004513" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004514" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004514" "skeletal muscle tissue of transversus thoracis" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a transversus thoracis [Automatically generated definition]." "0004514" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004515" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004515" "smooth muscle tissue of bronchiole" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." "0004515" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004516" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004516" "smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchiole" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." "0004516" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004517" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004517" "smooth muscle tissue of respiratory bronchiole" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." "0004517" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004518" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004518" "muscle of vertebral column" "A muscle that is attached to a vertebra of the vertebral column." "0004518" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004519" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004519" "muscle of anal triangle" "Any muscle organ that is part of a anal part of perineum." "0004519" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004520" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004520" "striated muscle tissue of prostate" "A portion of striated muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Automatically generated definition]." "0004520" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004521" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004521" "vasculature of muscle organ" "A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Automatically generated definition]." "0004521" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004522" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004522" "vasculature of musculoskeletal system" "A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004522" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004523" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004523" "papillary muscle of right ventricle" "A papillary muscle that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004523" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004524" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004524" "papillary muscle of left ventricle" "A papillary muscle that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004524" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004525" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004525" "cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of right ventricle" "A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004525" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004526" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004526" "cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of left ventricle" "A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004526" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004527" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004527" "alveolar process of maxilla" "The thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on the maxilla." "0004527" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004528" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004528" "alveolar ridge of mandible" "The thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on the mandible." "0004528" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004529" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004529" "anatomical projection" "A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ." "0004529" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004530" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004530" "bony projection" "Anatomical projection that is composed of bone tissue." "0004530" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004531" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004531" "obsolete left side of organism" "0004531" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004532" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004532" "obsolete right side of organism" "0004532" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004533" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004533" "left testis" "A testis that is in the left side of the genitalia [Automatically generated definition]." "0004533" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004534" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004534" "right testis" "A testis that is in the right side of the genitalia [Automatically generated definition]." "0004534" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004535" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004535" "cardiovascular system" "Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels." "0004535" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004536" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004536" "lymph vasculature" "A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep." "0004536" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004537" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004537" "blood vasculature" "A vascular network consisting of blood vessels." "0004537" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004538" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004538" "left kidney" "A kidney that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." "0004538" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004539" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004539" "right kidney" "A kidney that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." "0004539" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004540" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004540" "proper plantar digital artery" "." "0004540" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004544" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004544" "epididymis epithelium" "the layer of secretory cells which lines the epididymis" "0004544" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004545" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004545" "external capsule of telencephalon" "Any of the series of white matter fiber tracts in the brain that run between the most lateral segment of the lentiform nucleus and the claustrum; the white matter of the external capsule contains fibers known as corticocortical association fibers which are responsible for connecting the cerebral cortex to another cortical area; the capsule appears as a thin white sheet of white matter and provides a route for cholinergic fibers from the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex; it eventually joins the internal capsule around the lentiform nucleus." "0004545" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004546" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004546" "cribriform plate" "A zone of the ethmoid that is received into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and roofs in the nasal cavities. [WP,modified]." "0004546" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004547" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004547" "decidua capsularis" "The layer of uterine endometrium overlying the implanted chorionic vesicle and facing the uterine cavity" "0004547" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004548" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004548" "left eye" "An eye that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." "0004548" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004549" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004549" "right eye" "An eye that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." "0004549" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004550" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004550" "gastroesophageal sphincter" "the thick circular layer of smooth gastric musculature encircling the gastroesophageal junction that functions to reduce backflow into the esophagus from the stomach" "0004550" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004551" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004551" "obsolete set of proper plantar digital arteries" "0004551" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004552" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004552" "digital artery" "An artery that is part of a digit [Automatically generated definition]." "0004552" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004553" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004553" "forelimb digital artery" "A digital artery that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0004553" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004554" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004554" "hindlimb digital artery" "A digital artery that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0004554" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004561" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004561" "proper palmar digital vein" "0004561" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004562" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004562" "digital vein" "Any vein containing deoxygenated blood that is located in a finger or toe." "0004562" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004563" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004563" "forelimb digital vein" "A digital vein that is part of a forelimb." "0004563" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004564" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004564" "hindlimb digital vein" "A digital vein that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." "0004564" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004571" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004571" "systemic arterial system" "The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart." "0004571" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004572" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004572" "arterial system" "The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries." "0004572" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004573" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004573" "systemic artery" "An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart." "0004573" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004581" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004581" "systemic venous system" "The part of the venous system that drains the general body tissues[Kardong]" "0004581" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004582" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004582" "venous system" "The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions." "0004582" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004590" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004590" "sphincter muscle" "A structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning." "0004590" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004601" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004601" "rib 1" "The first rib of the rib cage" "0004601" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004602" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004602" "rib 2" "The second rib of the rib cage" "0004602" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004603" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004603" "rib 3" "The third rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004603" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004604" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004604" "rib 4" "The fourth rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004604" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004605" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004605" "rib 5" "The fifth rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004605" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004606" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004606" "rib 6" "The sixth rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004606" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004607" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004607" "rib 7" "The seventh rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004607" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004608" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004608" "rib 9" "The ninth rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004608" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004609" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004609" "rib 10" "The tenth rib has only a single articular facet on its head. [WP,unvetted]." "0004609" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004610" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004610" "rib 11" "The eleventh rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. It has no necks or tubercles, and is pointed at its anterior ends. The eleventh has a slight angle and a shallow costal groove. [WP,unvetted]." "0004610" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004611" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004611" "rib 12" "In humans: The twelfth rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. It has no necks or tubercles, and is pointed at its anterior ends. The twelfth has angle nor costal groove; it is much shorter than the eleventh rib, and its head is inclined slightly downward. Sometimes the twelfth rib is even shorter than the first rib. [WP,unvetted]." "0004611" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004612" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004612" "mammalian cervical vertebra 3" "The third of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]." "0004612" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004613" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004613" "mammalian cervical vertebra 4" "The fourth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]." "0004613" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004614" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004614" "mammalian cervical vertebra 5" "The fifth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]." "0004614" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004615" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004615" "mammalian cervical vertebra 6" "The sixth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified]." "0004615" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004616" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004616" "mammalian cervical vertebra 7" "Vertebra prominens is the proper name for the seventh cervical vertebra. The most distinctive characteristic of this vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process which is palpable from the skin surface, hence the name. This spinous process is thick, nearly horizontal in direction, not bifurcated, but terminating in a tubercle to which the lower end of the ligamentum nuchae is attached. The seventh cervical vertebra (C7) has the most prominent spinous process only in about 70% of people; in the remainder, either C6 or T1 (the first thoracic vertebra) will be the most prominent. The transverse processes are of considerable size, their posterior roots are large and prominent, while the anterior are small and faintly marked; the upper surface of each has usually a shallow sulcus for the eighth spinal nerve, and its extremity seldom presents more than a trace of bifurcation. The foramen transversarium may be as large as that in the other cervical vertebrae, but is generally smaller on one or both sides; occasionally it is double, sometimes it is absent. On the left side it occasionally gives passage to the vertebral artery; more frequently the vertebral vein traverses it on both sides; but the usual arrangement is for both artery and vein to pass in front of the transverse process, and not through the foramen. Sometimes the anterior root of the transverse process attains a large size and exists as a separate bone, which is known as a cervical rib." "0004616" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004617" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004617" "lumbar vertebra 1" "The first lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004617" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004618" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004618" "lumbar vertebra 2" "The second lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004618" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004619" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004619" "lumbar vertebra 3" "The third lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004619" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004620" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004620" "lumbar vertebra 4" "The fourth lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004620" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004621" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004621" "lumbar vertebra 5" "The fifth lumbar vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004621" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004622" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004622" "sacral vertebra 1" "0004622" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004623" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004623" "sacral vertebra 2" "0004623" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004624" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004624" "sacral vertebra 3" "0004624" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004625" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004625" "sacral vertebra 4" "0004625" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004626" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004626" "thoracic vertebra 1" "The first thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004626" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004627" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004627" "thoracic vertebra 2" "The second thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004627" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004628" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004628" "thoracic vertebra 3" "The third thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004628" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004629" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004629" "thoracic vertebra 4" "The fourth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004629" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004630" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004630" "thoracic vertebra 5" "The fifth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004630" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004631" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004631" "thoracic vertebra 6" "The sixth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004631" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004632" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004632" "thoracic vertebra 7" "The seventh thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004632" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004633" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004633" "thoracic vertebra 9" "The ninth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004633" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004634" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004634" "thoracic vertebra 10" "The tenth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004634" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004635" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004635" "thoracic vertebra 11" "The eleventh thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004635" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004636" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004636" "thoracic vertebra 12" "The twelfth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]." "0004636" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004637" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004637" "otic capsule" "The capsule surrounding the inner ear mechanism." "0004637" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004638" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004638" "blood vessel endothelium" "An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart" "0004638" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004639" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004639" "renal afferent arteriole" "the blood vessels that branch from the kidney interlobular artery, convey blood to the glomerular capillaries, and play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism" "0004639" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004640" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004640" "renal efferent arteriole" "the blood vessels that convey blood from the glomerulocapillary network to the capillary bed of the proximal convoluted tubule" "0004640" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004641" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004641" "spleen capsule" "the connective tissue that surrounds the spleen" "0004641" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004642" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004642" "third ventricle ependyma" "An ependyma that is part of a third ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004642" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004643" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004643" "lateral ventricle ependyma" "An ependyma that is part of a lateral ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004643" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004644" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004644" "fourth ventricle ependyma" "An ependyma that is part of a fourth ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004644" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004645" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004645" "urinary bladder urothelium" "The epithelial lining of the luminal space of the urinary bladder." "0004645" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004646" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004646" "infraorbital artery" "The infraorbital artery is an artery in the head that runs in the maxilla, emerging through the infraorbital foramen, just under the orbit of the eye. [WP,unvetted]." "0004646" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004647" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004647" "liver lobule" "the polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein" "0004647" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004648" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004648" "esophagus muscularis mucosa" "A muscularis mucosa that is part of a esophagus." "0004648" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004649" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004649" "sphenoid bone pterygoid process" "the process projecting downward from either side of the sphenoid bone, in vertebrates divided into two plates, an inner and an outer (sometimes called the lateral and medial); the posterior nares pass through the space, called the pterygoid fossa, between the processes" "0004649" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004650" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004650" "tongue keratinized epithelium" "A keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue." "0004650" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004651" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004651" "scapula spine" "the triangular ridge on the dorsal aspect of the scapula which separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa and where the trapezius and deltoid muscles are attached" "0004651" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004652" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004652" "humerus diaphysis" "The body or shaft of the humerus is almost cylindrical in the upper half of its extent, prismatic and flattened below, and has three borders and three surfaces." "0004652" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004654" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004654" "temporal process of zygomatic bone" "The temporal process of the zygomatic bone, directed backward and medialward, is concave, presenting medially a rough, triangular area, for articulation with the maxilla, and laterally a smooth, concave surface, the upper part of which forms the anterior boundary of the temporal fossa, the lower a part of the infratemporal fossa. Near the center of this surface is the zygomaticotemporal foramen for the transmission of the zygomaticotemporal nerve." "0004654" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004655" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004655" "zygomatic process of temporal bone" "The zygomatic process of the temporal bone is a long, arched process projecting from the lower part of the squamous portion of the temporal bone. It articulates with the zygomatic bone. This process is at first directed lateralward, its two surfaces looking upward and downward; it then appears as if twisted inward upon itself, and runs forward, its surfaces now looking medialward and lateralward." "0004655" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004657" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004657" "mandible condylar process" "articular part of the mandible bone" "0004657" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004658" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004658" "mandible head" "0004658" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004659" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004659" "mandible neck" "0004659" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004660" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004660" "mandible coronoid process" "A dorsal process on the lower jaw associated with muscle attachment. It may be formed by a separate coronoid bone or as a process of the dentary. In most living (and many extinct) mammals, the most dorsal of the three proximal processes of the jaw." "0004660" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004661" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004661" "mandible temporal crest" "0004661" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004662" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004662" "vertebra lamina" "two broad plates directed dorsomedially from the pedicles; these fuse at the dorsal midline, and complete the dorsal wall of the vertebral foramen" "0004662" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004663" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004663" "aorta wall" "An anatomical wall that is part of an aorta, enclosing the luminal space." "0004663" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004664" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004664" "aorta tunica adventitia" "the outermost layer of the aorta wall, containing connective tissue and collagen and elastic fibers" "0004664" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004665" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004665" "muscular coat of seminal vesicle" "A muscular coat that is part of a seminal vesicle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004665" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004666" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004666" "interventricular septum membranous part" "The membranous portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart" "0004666" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004667" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004667" "interventricular septum muscular part" "The muscular portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart" "0004667" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004668" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004668" "fourth ventricle aperture" "One of: the 4th ventricle median or lateral apertures." "0004668" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004670" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004670" "ependyma" "The thin epithelium-like membrane composed of ependymal cells that lines the ventricular system of the brain and the spinal cord." "0004670" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004671" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004671" "gyrus rectus" "The portion of the frontal lobe medial to the medial orbital gyrus is named the gyrus rectus (or straight gyrus), and is continuous with the superior frontal gyrus on the medial surface. A specific function for the gyrus rectus has not yet been elucidated." "0004671" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004672" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004672" "posterior horn lateral ventricle" "Part of the lateral ventricle that extends posteriorly into the occipital lobe." "0004672" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004673" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004673" "trigeminal nerve root" "A nerve root that extends_fibers_into a trigeminal nerve." "0004673" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004674" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004674" "facial nerve root" "A nerve root that extends_fibers_into a facial nerve." "0004674" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004675" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004675" "hypoglossal nerve root" "A nerve root that extends_fibers_into a hypoglossal nerve." "0004675" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004676" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004676" "spinal cord lateral horn" "A triangular field that is a lateralward projection of the postero-lateral part of the anterior column[WP, modified by cjm]." "0004676" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004677" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004677" "spinal cord gray commissure" "the band of grey substance spanning the midline of the spinal cord that surrounds the central canal" "0004677" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004678" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004678" "apex of spinal cord dorsal horn" "0004678" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004679" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004679" "dentate gyrus molecular layer" "The molecular layer of the dentate gyrus that is bounded by the pial surface superficially and the dentate gyrus granule cell layer deep. It is divided into 2 or more sublayers." "0004679" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004680" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004680" "body of fornix" "Part of fornix adjacent to the crura where they join together at the midline underneath the corpus callosum" "0004680" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004681" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004681" "vestibular system" "The sensory system for the sense of balance." "0004681" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004682" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004682" "corona radiata of neuraxis" "Fan shaped white matter mass comprised of afferent and efferent fibers from the cerebral cortex arranged in radially arrayed bundles, converging towards the internal capsule (Carpenter, Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg. 30; Heimer, The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed., 1995, pg 84)." "0004682" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004683" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004683" "parasubiculum" "A transitional zone between the presubiculum and the entorhinal area in the mouse (Paxinos-2001), the rat (Swanson-1998) and the primate (Zilles-1990). Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, it is more similar to the presubiculum than to the entorhinal area (Zilles-1990). (from Brain Info)" "0004683" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004684" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004684" "raphe nuclei" "The raphe nuclei are thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane." "0004684" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004685" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004685" "obsolete middle temporal area" "The term ""middle temporal visual area"" was first used by Allman and Kaas (1971) for a region of the owl monkey brain located on the ""caudal third of the middle temporal gyrus."" Functionally, it contains ""a complete representation of the contralateral half of the visual field... This representation of the visual field (MT) corresponds to a histologically distinct area adjacent and rostral to area 19... The horizontal meridian divides MT into a lateral portion representing the upper visual quadrant and a medial portion representing the lower quadrant. The center of gaze is represented in the caudal portion of MT bordering area 19.""" "0004685" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004686" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004686" "gastro-splenic ligament" "peritoneum connecting the greater curvature of stomach with the hilum of the spleen[umich]. part of the greater omentum; derived from the dorsal mesogastrium in the embryo." "0004686" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004687" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004687" "lieno-renal ligament" "peritoneum that attaches the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall over the left kidney. develops from the dorsal mesogastrium of the embryo[umich]" "0004687" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004688" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004688" "costo-cervical trunk" "The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]." "0004688" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004689" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004689" "naso-frontal vein" "The nasofrontal vein is a vein in the eye which drains to the superior ophthalmic vein." "0004689" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004690" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004690" "pancreaticoduodenal vein" "A vein running parallel to the superior and inferior pancreatico-duodenal arteries that drains blood from the pancreas and duodenum into the superior mesenteric or portal veins." "0004690" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004691" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004691" "bulbourethral gland secretion" "A bodily secretion that is produced by a bulbourethral gland." "0004691" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004692" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004692" "external naris epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of an external naris [Automatically generated definition]." "0004692" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004693" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004693" "Peyer's patch epithelium" "the specialized epithelium of the Peyer's patch" "0004693" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004694" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004694" "Harderian gland epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a Harderian gland [Automatically generated definition]." "0004694" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004695" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004695" "arterial system smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004695" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004696" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004696" "venous system smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004696" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004697" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004697" "Peyer's patch germinal center" "Area of the Peyer's patch where B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells" "0004697" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004698" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004698" "vena cava endothelium" "An endothelium that is part of a vena cava [Automatically generated definition]." "0004698" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004699" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004699" "outflow tract endothelium" "An endothelium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]." "0004699" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004700" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004700" "arterial system endothelium" "An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004700" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004701" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004701" "venous system endothelium" "An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004701" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004702" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004702" "respiratory system blood vessel endothelium" "A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004702" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004703" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004703" "dorsal thalamus" "0004703" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004704" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004704" "bone fossa" "A depression or hollow in a bone[WP]." "0004704" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004705" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004705" "fenestra" "An opening in the skull or other bones[WP]." "0004705" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004706" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004706" "bulbus cordis" "a transient fetal dilation of the distal (or cranial) heart tube located where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches" "0004706" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004707" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004707" "pharyngula stage" "A stage that follows the blastula, gastrula and neurula stages. At the pharyngula stage, all vertebrate embryos show remarkable similarities." "0004707" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004708" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004708" "paired limb/fin" "An appendage that is part of an appendage girdle complex." "0004708" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004709" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004709" "pelvic appendage" "Paired appendage that consists of the posterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues." "0004709" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004710" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004710" "pectoral appendage" "Paired appendage that consists of the anterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues." "0004710" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004711" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004711" "jugular vein" "The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava." "0004711" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004713" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004713" "corpus cavernosum penis" "One of the columns of erectile tissue forming the dorsum and sides of the penis." "0004713" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004714" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004714" "septum pellucidum" "A triangular double membrane, consisting of glial cells and fibers (Heimer, 1996) separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles of the brain. It is situated in the median plane and bounded by the corpus callosum and the body and columns of the fornix." "0004714" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004715" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004715" "annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis" "The ring of fibrocartilage and fibrous tissue forming the circumference of the intervertebral disc; surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which is prone to herniation when the annulus fibrosus is compromised." "0004715" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004716" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004716" "conceptus" "The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]." "0004716" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004717" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004717" "Brodmann (1909) area 29" "Brodmann area 29, also known as granular retrolimbic area 29 or granular retrosplenial cortex, is a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial region of the cerebral cortex. In the human it is a narrow band located in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the ectosplenial area 26 and externally by the agranular retrolimbic area 30 (Brodmann-1909)." "0004717" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004718" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004718" "Brodmann (1909) area 26" "." "0004718" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004719" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004719" "kidney arcuate vein" "Any of the veins that parallel the arcuate arteries, receive blood from the interlobular veins and straight venules, and terminate in the interlobar veins." "0004719" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004720" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004720" "cerebellar vermis" "A subregion of the cerebellar cortex, consisting of the most medial zone of the cerebellar cortex, stradding the midline. May be continuous with the lateral cerebellar hemispheres in some areas of the cerebellum, e.g., dorsally, or separated by deeper fissures in others (e.g., ventrally)" "0004720" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004721" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004721" "crista ampullaris" "The crista ampullaris is the sensory organ of rotation located in the semicircular canal of the inner ear. The function of the crista ampullaris is to sense angular acceleration and deceleration." "0004721" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004722" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004722" "deep cervical lymph node" "The deep cervical lymph nodes are a group of cervical lymph nodes found near the internal jugular vein. They can be divided into upper and lower groups, or superior and inferior groups. Alternatively, they can be divided into deep anterior cervical lymph nodes and deep lateral cervical lymph nodes. They can also be divided into three groups: superior deep jugular, middle deep jugular, and 'inferior deep jugular'." "0004722" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004723" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004723" "interlobular artery" "The branches of the arcuate arteries of the kidney that radiate outward throught the renal columns and supply the glomeruli[MP]. The first set of renal bloodvessels, the interlobular arteries (or cortical radiate arteries, or cortical radial arteries), are given off at right angles from the side of the arcuate arteries looking toward the cortical substance, and pass directly outward between the medullary rays to reach the fibrous tunic, where they end in the capillary network of this part. These vessels do not anastomose with each other, but form what are called end-arteries. In their outward course they give off lateral branches; these are the afferent vessels for the renal corpuscles; they enter the capsule, and end in the glomerulus. From each tuft the corresponding efferent vessel arises, and, having made its egress from the capsule near to the point where the afferent vessel enters, breaks up into a number of branches, which form a dense plexus within Bowman's capsule." "0004723" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004724" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004724" "medial palpebral ligament" "The medial palpebral ligament (tendo oculi), about 4 mm. in length and 2 mm. in breadth, is attached to the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove. Crossing the lacrimal sac, it divides into two parts, upper and lower, each attached to the medial end of the corresponding tarsus. As the ligament crosses the lacrimal sac, a strong aponeurotic is given off from its posterior surface; this expands over the sac, and is attached to the posterior lacrimal crest." "0004724" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004725" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004725" "piriform cortex" "the subdivision of the laminated olfactory cortex with only three main layers that receive monosynaptic input from the olfactory bulb via the lateral olfactory tract; it is located bilaterally in the ventrolateral forebrain and is commonly divided into anterior and posterior regions" "0004725" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004726" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004726" "vasa recta" "In the blood supply of the kidney, the vasa recta renis (or straight arteries of kidney, or straight arterioles of kidney) form a series of straight capillaries in the medulla. They lie parallel to the loop of Henle. These vessels branch off the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons (those nephrons closest to the medulla), enter the medulla, and surround the loop of Henle." "0004726" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004727" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004727" "cochlear nerve" "A nerve in the head that carries signals from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain. It is part of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the 8th cranial nerve which is found in higher vertebrates; the other portion of the 8th cranial nerve is the vestibular nerve which carries spatial orientation information from the semicircular canals. The cochlear nerve is a sensory nerve, one which conducts to the brain information about the environment, in this case acoustic energy impinging on the tympanic membrane. The cochlear nerve arises from within the cochlea and extends to the brainstem, where its fibers make contact with the cochlear nucleus, the next stage of neural processing in the auditory system[WP]." "0004727" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004728" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004728" "amphibian larval stage" "Amphibian larvae, sometimes called pollywogs or tadpoles, hatch from eggs and begin to grow limbs and other adult physical features at various times, depending on the species, before they metamorphose into the adult form." "0004728" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004729" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004729" "nematode larval stage" "Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew." "0004729" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004730" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004730" "instar larval stage" "This begins with the newly hatched first-instar larva, through its maturation to the end of the last larval stage. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." "0004730" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004731" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004731" "neuromere" "A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres)." "0004731" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004732" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004732" "segmental subdivision of nervous system" "Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres." "0004732" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004733" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004733" "segmental subdivision of hindbrain" "An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0004733" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004734" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004734" "gastrula" "Organism at the gastrula stage." "0004734" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004735" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004735" "archenteron" "The cavity of a gastrula forming a primitive gut." "0004735" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004736" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004736" "metanephric glomerulus" "glomerulus of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros." "0004736" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004737" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004737" "metanephric collecting duct" "A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a metanephros [Automatically generated definition]." "0004737" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004738" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004738" "metanephric juxtaglomerular apparatus" "juxtaglomerular apparatus of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros." "0004738" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004739" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004739" "pronephric glomerulus" "The glomus forms from the splanchnic intermediate mesoderm and is the vascularized filtration unit, filtering the blood before it enters the tubules. The glomus is external to the nephron and extends over more than one body segment." "0004739" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004740" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004740" "basibranchial bone" "A basibranchial element that is bone. Basibranchial elements are ventral, median, and associated with a single pharyngeal arch in the pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton" "0004740" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004741" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004741" "cleithrum" "Dermal bone on the margin of the scapula. The cleithrum is attached to the skull in fishes, but free from the latter in amphibians and disappears early in the evolution of reptiles." "0004741" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004742" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004742" "dentary" "The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians, extending to the whole lower jaw in mammals[VHOG,modified]." "0004742" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004743" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004743" "coracoid bone" "Endochondral bone that is paired and forms part of the socket for the humerus in tetrapods and acts as base of the pectoral fin in fish." "0004743" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004744" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004744" "articular/anguloarticular" "." "0004744" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004745" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004745" "parasphenoid" "A tooth- or denticle-covered plate which is attached to the sphenoid stem[Palaeos]." "0004745" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004746" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004746" "prootic bone" "Paired, endochondral bones forming the anterior, and lateral walls of the otic capsules." "0004746" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004747" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004747" "supraoccipital bone" "Endochondral bone that is located at the dorsal part of the occipital region of the cranium or the dorso-posterior part of the skull[TAP,modified]." "0004747" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004748" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004748" "obsolete autopalatine" "0004748" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004749" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004749" "blastodisc" "A small, circular, white spot (approximately 2-3 mm across) on the surface of the yellow yolk of an egg that has been laid. The nucleus of the egg is in the germinal disc." "0004749" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004750" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004750" "blastoderm" "A layer of cells formed at one pole of macrolecithal eggs such as the yolky egg of birds. The yolk prevents the division from taking place through the egg, resulting in meroblastic cleavage during the many cleavage divisions. At the animal pole (containing less yolk than the vegetal pole), the zygote divides and subdivides, forming the blastoderm, which gradually spreads around the yolk and forms the embryo. The blastoderm is composed of two layers, the epiblast and the hypoblast, which enclose the fluid-filled blastocoel cavity." "0004750" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004751" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004751" "hypohyal bone" "0004751" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004752" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004752" "palatoquadrate cartilage" "The dorsal component of the mandibular arch" "0004752" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004753" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004753" "scapulocoracoid" "Skeletal element that consists of the scapula and the coracoid[VSAO, modified]." "0004753" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004754" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004754" "foramen ovale of heart" "An anatomical space in the fetal heart that allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium." "0004754" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004755" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004755" "skeletal tissue" "A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]" "0004755" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004756" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004756" "dermal skeletal element" "dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue." "0004756" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004757" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004757" "rectal salt gland" "An evagination of the terminal portion of the intestine that is capable of secreting high concentrations of excess sodium chloride." "0004757" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004758" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004758" "salt gland" "An organ for excreting excess salts. It is found in elasmobranchs, seabirds, and some reptiles.[WP]." "0004758" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004759" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004759" "cranial salt gland" "A salt gland located in the cranium or head region." "0004759" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004760" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004760" "gland of anal canal" "A gland that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]." "0004760" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004761" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004761" "cartilaginous neurocranium" "The primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP]." "0004761" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004763" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004763" "endochondral bone tissue" "Replacement bone tissue that forms within cartilage[VSAO, modified]." "0004763" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004764" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004764" "intramembranous bone tissue" "Bone tissue that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]." "0004764" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004765" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004765" "skeletal element" "Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles." "0004765" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004766" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004766" "cranial bone" "A bone that is part of a cranium." "0004766" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004767" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004767" "vomerine tooth" "A tooth that is on the vomer." "0004767" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004768" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004768" "bone of lower jaw" "Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular" "0004768" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004769" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004769" "diaphysis" "Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between the two epiphyses, excluding the metaphyses[FMA,modified]." "0004769" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004770" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004770" "articular system" "Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body." "0004770" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004771" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004771" "posterior nasal aperture" "Opening/conduit between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx[AAO] The choanae are separated by the vomer[WP]." "0004771" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004772" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004772" "eyelid tarsus" "The tarsi (tarsal plates) are two comparatively thick, elongated plates of dense connective tissue, about 2.5 cm. in length; one is found in each eyelid, and contributes to its form and support. They directly abut the lid margins." "0004772" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004773" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004773" "superior eyelid tarsus" "An eyelid tarsus that is part of a upper eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." "0004773" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004774" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004774" "inferior eyelid tarsus" "An eyelid tarsus that is part of a lower eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." "0004774" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004775" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004775" "outer renal medulla vasa recta" "A vasa recta that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." "0004775" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004776" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004776" "inner renal medulla vasa recta" "A vasa recta that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." "0004776" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004777" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004777" "respiratory system submucosa" "A submucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004777" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004778" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004778" "larynx submucosa" "A submucosa that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0004778" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004779" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004779" "respiratory system lamina propria" "A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004779" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004780" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004780" "gastrointestinal system lamina propria" "A lamina propria that is part of a gastrointestinal system." "0004780" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004781" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004781" "gall bladder lamina propria" "A lamina propria that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]." "0004781" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004782" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004782" "gastrointestinal system serosa" "A serous membrane that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004782" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004783" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004783" "gall bladder serosa" "A serous membrane that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]." "0004783" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004784" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004784" "heart ventricle wall" "An anatomical wall that is part of a cardiac ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004784" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004785" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004785" "respiratory system mucosa" "the mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract" "0004785" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004786" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004786" "gastrointestinal system mucosa" "A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system." "0004786" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004787" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004787" "urethra urothelium" "An urothelium that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]." "0004787" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004788" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004788" "kidney pelvis urothelium" "the epithelial lining of the luminal space of the kidney pelvis" "0004788" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004789" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004789" "larynx mucous gland" "A mucous gland that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0004789" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004790" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004790" "skin mucous gland" "A mucous gland that is part of the skin." "0004790" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004791" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004791" "thymus trabecula" "the thymic connective tissue which extends into the parenchyma" "0004791" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004792" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004792" "secretion of endocrine pancreas" "A secretion that is part of a endocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." "0004792" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004793" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004793" "secretion of exocrine pancreas" "A secretion that is part of a exocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." "0004793" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004794" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004794" "esophagus secretion" "A secretion that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004794" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004795" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004795" "pancreas secretion" "A secretion that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." "0004795" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004796" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004796" "prostate gland secretion" "A bodily secretion that is produced by the prostate gland." "0004796" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004797" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004797" "blood vessel layer" "Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia." "0004797" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004798" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004798" "respiratory system basal lamina" "A basal lamina that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004798" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004799" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004799" "trachea basal lamina" "A basal lamina that is part of a respiratory airway [Automatically generated definition]." "0004799" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004800" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004800" "bronchus basal lamina" "A basal lamina that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004800" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004801" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004801" "cervix epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix [Automatically generated definition]." "0004801" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004802" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004802" "respiratory tract epithelium" "the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi" "0004802" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004803" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004803" "penis epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a penis [Automatically generated definition]." "0004803" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004804" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004804" "oviduct epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a oviduct [Automatically generated definition]." "0004804" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004805" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004805" "seminal vesicle epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a seminal vesicle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004805" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004806" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004806" "vas deferens epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]." "0004806" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004807" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004807" "respiratory system epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004807" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004808" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004808" "gastrointestinal system epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004808" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004809" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004809" "salivary gland epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a salivary gland [Automatically generated definition]." "0004809" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004810" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004810" "nephron tubule epithelium" "the cellular avascular layer of the renal tubule luminar surfaces" "0004810" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004811" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004811" "endometrium epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of an endometrium [Automatically generated definition]." "0004811" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004812" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004812" "male prepuce epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a prepuce of penis [Automatically generated definition]." "0004812" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004813" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004813" "seminiferous tubule epithelium" "the stratified epithelial lining of the seminiferous tubules, consisting of the developing spermatozoa and the supporting Sertoli cells, which are tall, columnar type cells that line the tubule" "0004813" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004814" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004814" "upper respiratory tract epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a upper respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]." "0004814" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004815" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004815" "lower respiratory tract epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]." "0004815" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004816" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004816" "larynx epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0004816" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004817" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004817" "lacrimal gland epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a lacrimal gland [Automatically generated definition]." "0004817" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004818" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004818" "terminal bronchus epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a terminal bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004818" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004819" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004819" "kidney epithelium" "the cellular avascular layer of the kidney luminar surfaces" "0004819" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004820" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004820" "bile duct epithelium" "Any epithelium that lines one of the bile ducts." "0004820" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004821" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004821" "pulmonary alveolus epithelium" "The epithelial layer of the alveoli[MP]. The layer of cells covering the lining of the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles[BTO]." "0004821" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004822" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004822" "extrahepatic bile duct epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a extrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0004822" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004823" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004823" "intrahepatic bile duct epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a intrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0004823" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004825" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004825" "dental lamina" "A band of ectodermal cells growing from the epithelium of the embryonic jaws into the underlying mesenchyme and giving rise to the primordia of the enamel organs of the teeth." "0004825" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004827" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004827" "thyroid gland medulla" "A medulla that is part of a thyroid [Automatically generated definition]." "0004827" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004829" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004829" "urethra skeletal muscle tissue" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]." "0004829" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004830" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004830" "respiratory system skeletal muscle" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004830" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004831" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004831" "esophagus skeletal muscle" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004831" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004832" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004832" "anal region skeletal muscle" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]." "0004832" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004833" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004833" "lip skeletal muscle" "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]." "0004833" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004834" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004834" "hepatic duct smooth muscle" "Smooth muscle tissue in all or part of a hepatic duct." "0004834" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004835" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004835" "epididymis smooth muscle" "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a epididymis [Automatically generated definition]." "0004835" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004848" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004848" "respiratory system arterial endothelium" "An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004848" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004849" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004849" "respiratory system venous endothelium" "An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004849" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004850" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004850" "lymph node endothelium" "An endothelium that is part of a lymph node [Automatically generated definition]." "0004850" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004851" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004851" "aorta endothelium" "the thin layer of flat cells that line the aorta and form a barrier between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall" "0004851" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004852" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004852" "cardiovascular system endothelium" "An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system." "0004852" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004854" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004854" "gastrointestinal system mesentery" "A mesentery that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]." "0004854" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004857" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004857" "skeletal muscle connective tissue" "A connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle tissue." "0004857" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004858" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004858" "cellular cartilage" "0004858" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004859" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004859" "eye gland" "A gland that is part of a eye. The eye is a compound unit which depending on the species may consist of an eyeballs plus associated ducts and integumentary structures. Eye glands therefore include the various types of lacrimal gland, the various types of apocrine and sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid." "0004859" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004860" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004860" "obsolete brain ventricular zone" "0004860" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004861" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004861" "right lung alveolus" "An alveolus that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0004861" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004862" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004862" "left lung alveolus" "An alveolus that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0004862" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004863" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004863" "thoracic sympathetic nerve trunk" "A sympathetic nerve trunk that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." "0004863" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004864" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004864" "vasculature of retina" "A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]." "0004864" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004865" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004865" "actinopterygian parietal bone" "Dermal bone that covers the otic region and may articulate with its antimere medially, with the frontal bone anteriorly, the pterotic laterally, the supraoccipital medio-posteriorly, and the epiotic and extrascapula latero-posteriorly. The parietal is a paired bone.[TAO]" "0004865" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004866" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004866" "actinopterygian frontal bone" "Dermal bone that bears part of the supraorbital canal and usually covers a large area of the neurocranium occupying part of the ethmoidal, orbitosphenoid, and otic regions. Commonly, the frontal bone articulates with its antimere medially, with lateral ethmoid, orbitosphenoid and pterosphenoid ventrolaterally, with supraorbital bone(s), autosphenotic and pterotic laterally, and with parietal posteriorly.[TAO]." "0004866" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004867" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004867" "orbital cavity" "Anatomical cavity bounded by the orbital region of the cranium and forming the location of some or all of the eye." "0004867" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004868" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004868" "tapetum lucidum of camera-type eye" "A layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrate animals, that lies immediately behind or sometimes within the retina. It reflects visible light back through the retina, increasing the light available to the photoreceptors" "0004868" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004869" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004869" "parietal organ" "A part of the epithalamus present in some animal species. The eye may be photoreceptive and is usually associated with the pineal gland, regulating circadian rhythmicity and hormone production for thermoregulation. The parietal eye is a part of the epithalamus, which can be divided into two major parts; the epiphysis (the pineal organ, or pineal gland if mostly endocrine) and the parietal organ (often called the parietal eye, or third eye if it is photoreceptive). It arises as an anterior evagination of the pineal organ or as a separate outgrowth of the roof of the diencephalon. In some species, it protrudes through the skull.[4] The parietal eye uses a different biochemical method of detecting light than rod cells or cone cells in a normal vertebrate eye[WP]." "0004869" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004870" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004870" "superficial cervical lymph node" "A group of nodes lying along the external jugular vein; they drain the skin and superficial structures over the region of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and anterior cervical regions. Efferent vessels drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes. Lymph nodes can be further subdivided into anterior and lateral groupings." "0004870" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004871" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004871" "somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm" "Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall - underlies the ectoderm[WP]." "0004871" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004872" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004872" "splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm" "Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]." "0004872" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004873" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004873" "splanchnopleure" "A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the inner (or splanchnic) layer adheres to the endoderm, and with it forms the splanchnopleure[WP]." "0004873" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004874" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004874" "somatopleure" "A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]." "0004874" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004875" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004875" "nephrogenic cord" "A portion of the urogenital ridge which is the source of much of the urinary system[WP]." "0004875" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004876" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004876" "urogenital fold" "One of of the pair of folds derived from the cloacal folds which give rise to a portion of the external genitalia; in male embryos they close over the urethral plate and fuse to form the spongy (penile) urethra and ventral aspect of the penis, not including the glans; failure of fusion of the urethral folds leads to hypospadias; in female embryos they fuse only anterior to the anus and form the labia minora[MP]." "0004876" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004877" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004877" "visceral endoderm" "Visceral endoderm, a population of extraembyonic endoderm, is an extraembryonic tissue that functions in a regulatory capacity but does not contribute directly to the formation of any adult organs[PMID:15905405]. primitive endoderm-derived tissue which remains in contact with and surrounds the extra-embryonic ectoderm and the epiblast and provides signals for the differentiation and patterning of the epiblast; a small number of visceral endoderm cells also contribute to the endoderm of the embryonic gut[MP]." "0004877" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004878" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004878" "distal visceral endoderm" "precursors of the anterior visceral endoderm that arises at the distal tip of the embryo[MP]" "0004878" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004879" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004879" "marginal zone of embryo" "Belt-like region of presumptive mesoderm at the equator of the late blastula." "0004879" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004880" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004880" "chordamesoderm" "The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord" "0004880" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004882" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004882" "eponychium" "Thickened layer of skin surrounding fingernails and toenails. Beneath the cuticle is a thin layer of a membrane known as the pterygium. The function is to protect the area between the nail and epidermis from exposure to harmful bacteria. The vascularization pattern is similar to that of perionychium. The eponychium is the end of the proximal fold that folds back upon itself to shed an epidermal layer of skin onto the newly formed nail plate. This layer of non-living, almost invisible skin is the cuticle that 'rides out' on the surface of the nail plate. Together, the eponychium and the cuticle form a protective seal. The cuticle on the nail plate is dead cells and is often removed during manicure, but the eponychium is living cells and should not be touched.[6] The perionyx is the projecting edge of the eponychium covering the proximal strip of the lunula[WP]." "0004882" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004883" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004883" "lung mesenchyme" "The mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung." "0004883" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004884" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004884" "lobar bronchus mesenchyme" "The mass of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in the lobar bronchus.." "0004884" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004885" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004885" "hilum" "An anatomical cavity, depression or pit where structures are attached." "0004885" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004886" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004886" "lung hilus" "A depression on the surface of the lung where the bronchus, blood vessels and nerves enter." "0004886" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004887" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004887" "left lung hilus" "A lung hilus that is part of the left lung." "0004887" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004888" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004888" "right lung hilus" "A lung hilus that is part of the right lung." "0004888" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004889" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004889" "lobar bronchus vasculature" "Vasculature that is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs" "0004889" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004890" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004890" "right lung accessory lobe" "A specialized lobe of the right lung that extends to the left side of the organism" "0004890" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004891" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004891" "obsolete lobar bronchus bronchiole" "0004891" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004892" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004892" "lobar bronchus alveolar system" "The lobar bronchus alveolar system is where molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous environment and the blood in the lobar bronchus" "0004892" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004893" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004893" "interalveolar septum" "A the thin septum that separates adjacent pulmonary alveoli, containing connective tissue constituents of the respiratory tissue and the capillary network of the blood supply of the lung." "0004893" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004894" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004894" "alveolar wall" "A wall that contains the alveoli" "0004894" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004895" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004895" "alveolar smooth muscle" "Alveolar smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the walls of the alveolus" "0004895" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004896" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004896" "right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus" "The right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus is the major airway within the right lung accessory lobe that starts at the division of the bronchus on the right side and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi" "0004896" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004897" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004897" "right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme" "The right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus" "0004897" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004898" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004898" "obsolete right lung caudal lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme" "0004898" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004899" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004899" "right lung cranial lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme" "The right lung cranial lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung cranial lobe lobar bronchus" "0004899" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004900" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004900" "right lung middle lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme" "The right lung middle lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung middle lobe lobar bronchus" "0004900" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004901" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004901" "right lung lobar bronchus mesenchyme" "The right lung lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung lobar bronchus" "0004901" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004902" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004902" "urogenital sinus epithelium" "The fetal urogenital sinus (from which the prostate derives) is a simple cylinder of stratified basal epithelium, surrounded by mesenchyme and positioned between the embryonic bladder and pelvic urethra" "0004902" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004903" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004903" "bronchoalveolar duct junction" "A branch point connecting the respiratory bronchioles to the alveolar ducts[MP]." "0004903" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004904" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004904" "neuron projection bundle connecting eye with brain" "A neuron projection bundle that connects the retina or its analog in the eye with the brain. This includes the vertebrate optic nerve (not truly a nerve) as well as analogous structures such as the Bolwig nerve in Drosophila" "0004904" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004905" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004905" "articulation" "Anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts." "0004905" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004906" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004906" "ectodermal part of digestive tract" "A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm." "0004906" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004907" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004907" "lower digestive tract" "The region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]." "0004907" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004908" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004908" "upper digestive tract" "The region of the digestive tract extending from the mouth cavity through pharynx esophagus stomach and duodenum." "0004908" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004909" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004909" "epithelium of gonad" "An epithelium surrounding a gonad." "0004909" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004910" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004910" "epithelium of male gonad" "An epithelium surrounding a testis." "0004910" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004911" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004911" "epithelium of female gonad" "An epithelium surrounding an ovary." "0004911" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004912" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004912" "biliary bud" "0004912" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004913" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004913" "hepatopancreatic ampulla" "A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct." "0004913" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004914" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004914" "duodenal papilla" "One of the two small elevations on the mucosa of the duodenum, the major at the entrance of the conjoined pancreatic and common bile ducts and the minor at the entrance of the accessory pancreatic duct." "0004914" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004915" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004915" "sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla" "muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP]." "0004915" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004916" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004916" "anal sphincter" "A sphincter muscle that is part of a anal region." "0004916" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004917" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004917" "urethral sphincter" "A sphincter muscle surrounding the urethra." "0004917" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004918" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004918" "internal urethral sphincter" "A urethral sphincter muscle which constricts the internal urethral orifice. It is the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder. The muscle is made of smooth muscle, so therefore it is under involuntary control. It is kept tonically contracted by the sympathetic nervous system and during micturition, is relaxed via the parasympathetic nervous system. This is the primary muscle for preventing the release of urine[WP]." "0004918" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004919" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004919" "external urethral sphincter" "." "0004919" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004920" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004920" "obsolete mesoderm of gonad" "A mesoderm that is part of a gonad [Automatically generated definition]." "0004920" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004921" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004921" "subdivision of digestive tract" "A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract." "0004921" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004922" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004922" "postnatal subventricular zone" "A mitotically active layer of cells surrounding the brain ventricles in the adult that consists of migrating neuroblasts, astrocytes and transitory amplifying progenitor cells[MP]." "0004922" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004923" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004923" "organ component layer" "A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer." "0004923" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004924" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004924" "submucosa of pharynx" "The tissue underlying the tunica mucosa of the pharynx." "0004924" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004925" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004925" "submucosa of laryngopharynx" "A submucosa that is part of a hypopharynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0004925" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004926" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004926" "submucosa of cystic duct" "A submucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0004926" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004927" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004927" "submucosa of cecum" "A submucosa that is part of a cecum [Automatically generated definition]." "0004927" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004928" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004928" "submucosa of appendix" "A submucosa that is part of an appendix [Automatically generated definition]." "0004928" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004929" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004929" "submucosa of ascending colon" "A submucosa that is part of an ascending colon [Automatically generated definition]." "0004929" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004930" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004930" "submucosa of transverse colon" "A submucosa that is part of a transverse colon [Automatically generated definition]." "0004930" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004931" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004931" "submucosa of descending colon" "A submucosa that is part of a descending colon [Automatically generated definition]." "0004931" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004932" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004932" "submucosa of sigmoid colon" "A submucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]." "0004932" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004933" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004933" "submucosa of fundus of stomach" "A submucosa that is part of a fundus of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." "0004933" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004934" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004934" "submucosa of body of stomach" "A submucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." "0004934" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004935" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004935" "submucosa of cardia of stomach" "A submucosa that is part of a cardia of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." "0004935" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004936" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004936" "submucosa of pyloric antrum" "A submucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]." "0004936" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004937" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004937" "submucosa of pylorus" "A submucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004937" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004938" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004938" "submucosa of biliary tree" "A submucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]." "0004938" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004939" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004939" "submucosa of common bile duct" "A submucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0004939" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004940" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004940" "submucosa of common hepatic duct" "A submucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0004940" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004941" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004941" "submucosa of right hepatic duct" "A submucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0004941" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004942" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004942" "submucosa of left hepatic duct" "A submucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0004942" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004943" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004943" "submucosa of urinary bladder" "The submucous layer of the wall of the urinary bladder." "0004943" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004944" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004944" "submucosa of trigone of urinary bladder" "A submucosa that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." "0004944" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004945" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004945" "submucosa of neck of urinary bladder" "A submucosa that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." "0004945" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004946" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004946" "submucosa of ileum" "A submucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]." "0004946" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004947" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004947" "submucosa of right main bronchus" "A submucosa that is part of a right main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004947" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004948" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004948" "submucosa of left main bronchus" "A submucosa that is part of a left main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004948" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004949" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004949" "submucosa of main bronchus" "A submucosa that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004949" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004950" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004950" "submucosa of lobar bronchus" "A submucosa that is part of a lobar bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004950" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004951" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004951" "submucosa of segmental bronchus" "A submucosa that is part of a segmental bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004951" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004952" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004952" "submucosa of bronchiole" "A submucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." "0004952" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004980" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004980" "mucosa of ureter" "A mucosa that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]." "0004980" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004982" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004982" "mucosa of epiglottis" "A mucosa that is part of a epiglottis [Automatically generated definition]." "0004982" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004983" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004983" "mucosa of vagina" "A mucosa that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition]." "0004983" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004984" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004984" "mucosa of seminal vesicle" "A mucosa that is part of a seminal vesicle [Automatically generated definition]." "0004984" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004985" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004985" "mucosa of ejaculatory duct" "A mucosa that is part of a ejaculatory duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0004985" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004986" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004986" "mucosa of deferent duct" "A mucosa that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]." "0004986" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004987" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004987" "mucosa of laryngopharynx" "A mucosa that is part of a hypopharynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0004987" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004988" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004988" "mucosa of cystic duct" "A mucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0004988" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004989" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004989" "mucosa of appendix" "A mucosa that is part of an appendix [Automatically generated definition]." "0004989" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004990" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004990" "mucosa of ascending colon" "A mucosa that is part of an ascending colon [Automatically generated definition]." "0004990" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004991" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004991" "mucosa of transverse colon" "A mucosa that is part of a transverse colon [Automatically generated definition]." "0004991" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004992" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004992" "mucosa of descending colon" "A mucosa that is part of a descending colon [Automatically generated definition]." "0004992" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004993" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004993" "mucosa of sigmoid colon" "A mucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]." "0004993" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004994" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004994" "mucosa of fundus of stomach" "A mucosa that is part of a fundus of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." "0004994" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004995" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004995" "mucosa of body of stomach" "A mucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." "0004995" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004996" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004996" "mucosa of cardia of stomach" "A mucosa that is part of a cardia of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." "0004996" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004997" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004997" "mucosa of pyloric antrum" "A mucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]." "0004997" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004998" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004998" "mucosa of pylorus" "A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]." "0004998" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0004999" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004999" "mucosa of biliary tree" "A mucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]." "0004999" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005000" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005000" "mucosa of common bile duct" "A mucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0005000" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005001" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005001" "mucosa of common hepatic duct" "A mucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0005001" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005002" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005002" "mucosa of right hepatic duct" "A mucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0005002" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005003" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005003" "mucosa of left hepatic duct" "A mucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0005003" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005004" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005004" "mucosa of right ureter" "A mucosa that is part of a right ureter [Automatically generated definition]." "0005004" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005005" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005005" "mucosa of left ureter" "A mucosa that is part of a left ureter [Automatically generated definition]." "0005005" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005006" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005006" "mucosa of renal pelvis" "A mucosa that is part of a renal pelvis [Automatically generated definition]." "0005006" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005007" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005007" "mucosa of major calyx" "A mucosa that is part of a major calyx [Automatically generated definition]." "0005007" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005008" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005008" "mucosa of minor calyx" "A mucosa that is part of a minor calyx [Automatically generated definition]." "0005008" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005009" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005009" "mucosa of trigone of urinary bladder" "A mucosa that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." "0005009" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005010" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005010" "mucosa of neck of urinary bladder" "A mucosa that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." "0005010" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005011" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005011" "mucosa of right uterine tube" "A mucosa that is part of a right uterine tube [Automatically generated definition]." "0005011" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005012" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005012" "mucosa of left uterine tube" "A mucosa that is part of a left uterine tube [Automatically generated definition]." "0005012" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005013" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005013" "mucosa of male urethra" "A mucosa that is part of a male urethra [Automatically generated definition]." "0005013" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005014" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005014" "mucosa of female urethra" "A mucosa that is part of a female urethra [Automatically generated definition]." "0005014" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005015" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005015" "mucosa of prostatic urethra" "A mucosa that is part of a prostatic urethra [Automatically generated definition]." "0005015" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005016" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005016" "mucosa of intermediate urethra" "A mucosa that is part of a membranous urethra [Automatically generated definition]." "0005016" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005017" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005017" "mucosa of lacrimal sac" "A mucosa that is part of a lacrimal sac [Automatically generated definition]." "0005017" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005018" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005018" "mucosa of nasal septum" "A mucosa that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]." "0005018" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005019" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005019" "mucosa of palate" "A mucosa that is part of a palate [Automatically generated definition]." "0005019" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005020" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005020" "mucosa of tongue" "A mucosa that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]." "0005020" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005021" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005021" "mucosa of sphenoidal sinus" "A mucosa that is part of a sphenoidal sinus [Automatically generated definition]." "0005021" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005022" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005022" "mucosa of nasopharynx" "A mucosa that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0005022" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005023" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005023" "mucosa of oropharynx" "A mucosa that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition]." "0005023" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005024" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005024" "mucosa of soft palate" "A mucosa that is part of a soft palate [Automatically generated definition]." "0005024" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005025" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005025" "mucosa of uvula" "A mucosa that is part of a uvula [Automatically generated definition]." "0005025" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005026" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005026" "mucosa of middle ear" "A mucosa that is part of a middle ear [Automatically generated definition]." "0005026" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005027" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005027" "mucosa of frontal sinus" "A mucosa that is part of a frontal sinus [Automatically generated definition]." "0005027" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005028" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005028" "mucosa of maxillary sinus" "A mucosa that is part of a maxillary sinus [Automatically generated definition]." "0005028" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005029" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005029" "mucosa of lacrimal canaliculus" "A mucosa that is part of a lacrimal canaliculus [Automatically generated definition]." "0005029" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005030" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005030" "mucosa of paranasal sinus" "A mucosa that adjacent_to a paranasal sinus." "0005030" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005031" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005031" "mucosa of upper lip" "A mucosa that is part of a upper lip [Automatically generated definition]." "0005031" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005032" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005032" "mucosa of lower lip" "A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Automatically generated definition]." "0005032" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005033" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005033" "mucosa of gallbladder" "A mucosa that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]." "0005033" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005034" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005034" "mucosa of right main bronchus" "A mucosa that is part of a right main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0005034" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005035" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005035" "mucosa of left main bronchus" "A mucosa that is part of a left main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0005035" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005036" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005036" "mucosa of main bronchus" "A mucosa that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0005036" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005037" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005037" "mucosa of lobar bronchus" "A mucosa that is part of a lobar bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0005037" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005038" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005038" "mucosa of segmental bronchus" "A mucosa that is part of a segmental bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." "0005038" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005039" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005039" "mucosa of bronchiole" "A mucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." "0005039" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005040" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005040" "mucosa of terminal bronchiole" "A mucosa that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." "0005040" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005041" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005041" "mucosa of respiratory bronchiole" "A mucosa that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." "0005041" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005042" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005042" "inner epithelial layer of tympanic membrane" "A portion of the tympanic cavity epithelium which makes up the outer (cuticular) layer of the tympanic membrane" "0005042" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005043" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005043" "mucosa of nasolacrimal duct" "A mucosa that is part of a nasolacrimal duct [Automatically generated definition]." "0005043" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005044" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005044" "mucosa of pharyngotympanic tube" "A mucosa that is part of a pharyngotympanic tube [Automatically generated definition]." "0005044" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005045" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005045" "mucosa of ethmoidal sinus" "A mucosa that is part of a ethmoid sinus [Automatically generated definition]." "0005045" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005046" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005046" "mucosa of hard palate" "A mucosa that is part of a hard palate [Automatically generated definition]." "0005046" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005047" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005047" "mucosa of vocal fold" "A mucosa that is part of a vocal cord [Automatically generated definition]." "0005047" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005048" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005048" "mucosa of uterine tube" "A mucosa that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition]." "0005048" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005049" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005049" "mucosa of infundibulum of uterine tube" "A mucosa that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum [Automatically generated definition]." "0005049" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005050" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005050" "liver papillary process" "0005050" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005051" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005051" "mediastinum testis" "The mediastinum testis is a network of fibrous connective tissue that extends from the upper to near the lower extremity of the testis, and is wider above than below. From its front and sides numerous imperfect septa (trabeculæ) are given off, which radiate toward the surface of the organ, and are attached to the tunica albuginea. They divide the interior of the organ into a number of incomplete spaces, called lobules. These are somewhat cone-shaped, being broad at their bases at the surface of the gland, and becoming narrower as they converge to the mediastinum. The mediastinum supports the rete testis and blood vessels of the testis in their passage to and from the substance of the gland[WP]" "0005051" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005052" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005052" "gizzard" "The muscular enlargement of the alimentary canal that has usually thick muscular walls and a tough horny lining for grinding the food and when the crop is present follows it and the proventriculus." "0005052" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005053" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005053" "primary nerve cord" "A cluster of neurons that is the most prominent longitudinally extending condensed part of a nervous system." "0005053" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005054" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005054" "primary dorsal nerve cord" "A nerve cord in the dorsal mid-line that is the most prominent nerve cord." "0005054" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005055" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005055" "zone of long bone" "An organ part that is part of a long bone [Automatically generated definition]." "0005055" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005056" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005056" "external female genitalia" "An external genitalia that is part of a female reproductive system [Automatically generated definition]." "0005056" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005057" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005057" "immune organ" "An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition]." "0005057" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005058" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005058" "hemolymphoid system gland" "A gland that is part of a hemolymphoid system [Automatically generated definition]." "0005058" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005059" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005059" "obsolete Drosophila lymph gland" "0005059" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005061" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005061" "neural groove" "The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds." "0005061" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005062" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005062" "neural fold" "One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]." "0005062" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005063" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005063" "left ventricular compact myocardium" "." "0005063" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005064" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005064" "left ventricular trabecular myocardium" "." "0005064" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005065" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005065" "right ventricular compact myocardium" "." "0005065" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005066" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005066" "right ventricular trabecular myocardium" "." "0005066" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005067" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005067" "amphid sensory organ" "Amphid sensory organs are the sensory organs of nematodes[GO]." "0005067" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005068" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005068" "neural rod" "A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]." "0005068" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005069" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005069" "neural fold hinge point" "The median hinge point extends for the entire length of the neural tube, and the lateral hinge points do not form in the spinal cord region of the neural tube[GO]." "0005069" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005070" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005070" "anterior neuropore" "The neuropore at the anterior (rostral) end of the neural tube." "0005070" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005071" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005071" "posterior neuropore" "The neuropore at the posterior (caudal) end of the neural tube." "0005071" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005073" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005073" "obsolete preganglionic parasympathetic nervous system" "0005073" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005074" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005074" "obsolete postganglionic parasympathetic nervous system" "0005074" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005075" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005075" "forebrain-midbrain boundary" "An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a forebrain and adjacent_to a midbrain." "0005075" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005076" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005076" "hindbrain-spinal cord boundary" "An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a hindbrain and adjacent_to a spinal cord." "0005076" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005077" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005077" "neuropore" "A temporary opening leading from the central canal of the embryonic neural tube to the exterior." "0005077" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005078" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005078" "lamina terminalis of neural tube" "The anterior-most (rostral) portion of the wall of the neural tube, formed by closure of the anterior neuropore; the median strip of the anterior wall of the prosencephalon, which persists in a relatively unchanged state as the cerebral hemispheres grow out forward beyond the original anterior end of the prosencephalon." "0005078" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005079" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005079" "eggshell" "A product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration[GO]." "0005079" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005080" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005080" "metanephric ureteric bud" "The portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO]." "0005080" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005081" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005081" "ureter ureteric bud" "The portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter[GO]." "0005081" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005082" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005082" "tube lumen" "A hole in a tube[GO]." "0005082" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005083" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005083" "nipple sheath" "A circular ingrowth of the epidermis around the region of the mammary sprout[GO]." "0005083" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005085" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005085" "ectodermal placode" "An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO]" "0005085" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005086" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005086" "hair follicle placode" "A bud-like thickening in the epidermis consisting of elongated keratinocytes, which at the distal end are in touch with numerous aggregated specialized dermal fibroblasts, the dermal condensate." "0005086" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005087" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005087" "tooth placode" "An tooth placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the tooth bud[GO]." "0005087" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005088" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005088" "sebaceous gland placode" "A sebaceous gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sebaceous gland bud[GO]." "0005088" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005089" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005089" "sweat gland placode" "An sweat gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sweat gland bud[GO]." "0005089" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005090" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090" "muscle structure" "Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]." "0005090" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005091" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005091" "left horn of sinus venosus" "0005091" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005092" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005092" "right horn of sinus venosus" "0005092" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005093" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005093" "embryonic cement gland" "A simple mucus-secreting structure that is positioned at the front of the embryo, attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed, and marks the anterior-most dorsal ectoderm[XAO]." "0005093" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005094" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005094" "beak" "The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary ramaphotheca, mandibular ramaphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus[GO]. The beak, bill or rostrum is an external anatomical structure of birds which is used for eating and for grooming, manipulating objects, killing prey, probing for food, courtship and feeding young. ." "0005094" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005095" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005095" "kidney rudiment" "." "0005095" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005096" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005096" "descending thin limb" "The descending thin limb is a part of the loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the loop of Henle[GO]." "0005096" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005097" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005097" "renal connecting tubule" "The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct[GO]." "0005097" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005099" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005099" "short descending thin limb" "The short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology[GO]." "0005099" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005100" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005100" "long descending thin limb" "The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla[GO]." "0005100" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005101" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005101" "early distal convoluted tubule" "The early distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive[GO]." "0005101" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005102" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005102" "late distal convoluted tubule" "The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive[GO]." "0005102" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005103" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005103" "mesonephric epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a mesonephros [Automatically generated definition]." "0005103" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005104" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005104" "anterior mesonephric tubule" "." "0005104" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005105" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005105" "posterior mesonephric tubule" "." "0005105" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005106" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005106" "metanephric tubule" "A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros[GO]." "0005106" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005107" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005107" "metanephric cap" "The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip[GO]. Mesenchyme closely apposed to the tips of the buds is called cap mesenchyme; it will later go on to form nephrons etc[GUDMAP]." "0005107" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005108" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005108" "metanephric epithelium" "An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure[GO]." "0005108" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005109" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005109" "metanephric smooth muscle tissue" "Any smooth muscle tissue that is part of a metanephros." "0005109" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005110" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005110" "metanephric nephron" "A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros[GO]." "0005110" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005111" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005111" "metanephric pyramid" "Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts[GO]." "0005111" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005113" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005113" "metanephric cortex mesenchyme" "0005113" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005114" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005114" "metanephric ascending thin limb" "The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent[GO]." "0005114" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005115" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005115" "metanephric cortical collecting duct" "The metanephric cortical collecting duct is the portion of the metanephric collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex[GO]." "0005115" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005116" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005116" "metanephric descending thin limb" "It extends to the tip of the metanephric loop of Henle[GO]." "0005116" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005117" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005117" "metanephric distal convoluted tubule" "The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is a portion of the metanephric nephron tubule that connects the metanephric loop of Henle to the collecting duct[GO]." "0005117" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005118" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005118" "metanephric early distal convoluted tubule" "The metanephric early distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive[GO]." "0005118" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005119" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005119" "metanephric glomerular mesangium" "The metanephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the metanephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus[GO]." "0005119" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005120" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005120" "metanephric late distal convoluted tubule" "The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive[GO]." "0005120" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005121" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005121" "metanephric long descending thin limb bend" "The metanephric long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment in the metanephros[GO]." "0005121" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005122" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005122" "metanephric macula densa" "The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]." "0005122" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005123" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005123" "metanephric prebend segment" "The metanephric prebend segment is a part of the metanephric descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability[GO]." "0005123" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005124" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005124" "metanephric proximal convoluted tubule" "The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule[GO]." "0005124" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005125" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005125" "metanephric proximal straight tubule" "The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule[GO]." "0005125" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005126" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005126" "metanephric S1" "The S1 portion is the initial portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes[GO]." "0005126" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005127" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005127" "metanephric thick ascending limb" "At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule[GO]." "0005127" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005129" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005129" "metanephric distal tubule" "The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule[GO]." "0005129" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005130" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005130" "metanephric loop of Henle" "The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros[GO]." "0005130" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005132" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005132" "metanephric long nephron" "Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla in the metanephros[GO]." "0005132" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005133" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005133" "metanephric glomerulus vasculature" "The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus[GO]." "0005133" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005134" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005134" "metanephric nephron epithelium" "The metanephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]." "0005134" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005135" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005135" "metanephric glomerular epithelium" "A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros[GO]." "0005135" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005136" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005136" "metanephric glomerular endothelium" "The metanephric glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus of the metanephros[GO]." "0005136" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005137" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005137" "metanephric capsule" "The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage[GO]." "0005137" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005139" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005139" "metanephric long descending thin limb" "0005139" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005140" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005140" "metanephric short nephron" "Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb[GO]." "0005140" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005141" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005141" "metanephric short descending thin limb" "The metanephric short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology[GO]." "0005141" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005144" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005144" "metanephric glomerular capillary" "This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts[GO]." "0005144" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005145" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005145" "metanephric comma-shaped body" "The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]." "0005145" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005146" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005146" "metanephric nephron tubule" "A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros[GO]." "0005146" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005147" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005147" "metanephric renal vesicle" "The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the metanephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells[GO]." "0005147" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005148" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005148" "metanephric S-shaped body" "The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]." "0005148" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005149" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005149" "metanephric connecting tubule" "The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros[GO]." "0005149" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005151" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005151" "metanephric proximal tubule" "The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO]." "0005151" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005153" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005153" "epithelial bud" "A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding." "0005153" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005154" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005154" "epithelial cord" "A cord of epithelial cells without a lumen and usually several cells thick." "0005154" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005155" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005155" "open tracheal system" "An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." "0005155" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005156" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005156" "reproductive structure" "Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system." "0005156" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005157" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005157" "epithelial fold" "An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis." "0005157" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005158" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005158" "parenchyma of central nervous system" "The functional tissue of the central nervous system consisting of neurons and glial cells." "0005158" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005159" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005159" "pyramid of medulla oblongata" "The anterior or ventral portion of the medulla oblongata is named the pyramid and lies between the anterior median fissure and the antero-lateral sulcus. Its upper end is slightly constricted, and between it and the pons the fibers of the abducent nerve emerge; a little below the pons it becomes enlarged and prominent, and finally tapers into the anterior funiculus of the medulla spinalis, with which, at first sight, it appears to be directly continuous[WP]." "0005159" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005160" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005160" "vestigial structure" "A remnant structure from earlier development or evolution." "0005160" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005161" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005161" "pelvic spur" "Pelvic spurs are the externally visible portion of the vestigial remnants of legs found on each side of the vent in primitive snakes, such as boas and pythons. The remnants of a pelvis and femur, which have no connection with the spine, simply 'float' in the muscle mass. The femur protrudes from the snake's body and is covered by a corneal spur, which resembles a claw. Males' spurs are generally longer and more pointed than females', and are used for clasping and tickling during courtship and mating, as well as combat with other males in some species" "0005161" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005162" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005162" "multi cell part structure" "A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part." "0005162" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005164" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005164" "ascending limb of loop of Henle" "The distal part of the loop of Henle that is impermeable to water and actively pumps sodium out of the filtrate to generate the hypertonic interstitium that drives countercurrent exchange; it consists of an initial very thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium followed by a distal thick segment lined by simple cuboidal epithelium[MP]." "0005164" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005167" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005167" "papillary duct" "The terminal portions of the medullary collecting ducts are the papillary ducts, which end at the renal papilla and empty into a minor calyx." "0005167" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005168" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005168" "renal interlobular vein" "Any of the veins that parallel the interlobular arteries, receiving blood from the peritubular capillary plexus and empty into the arcuate veins" "0005168" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005169" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005169" "interstitial tissue" "connective tissue between the cellular elements of a structure." "0005169" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005170" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005170" "granulosa cell layer" "A layer of the ovarian follicle that consists of granulosa cells." "0005170" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005171" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005171" "hepatic duct" "Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion)." "0005171" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005172" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005172" "abdomen element" "An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland." "0005172" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005173" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005173" "abdominal segment element" "An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region." "0005173" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005174" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005174" "dorsal region element" "An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back." "0005174" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005175" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005175" "chest organ" "An organ that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." "0005175" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005176" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005176" "tooth enamel organ" "A circumscribed mass of ectodermal cells which bud off from the dental lamina; it becomes cup-shaped and develops on its internal face the ameloblast layer of cells that produces the enamel cap of a developing tooth." "0005176" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005177" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005177" "trunk region element" "An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions." "0005177" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005178" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005178" "thoracic cavity element" "An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli." "0005178" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005179" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005179" "pelvic region element" "An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis." "0005179" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005180" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005180" "obsolete lymph organ" "0005180" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005181" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005181" "thoracic segment organ" "An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions." "0005181" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005184" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005184" "hair medulla" "Innermost layer of the hair shaft." "0005184" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005185" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005185" "renal medulla collecting duct" "The portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal medulla" "0005185" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005188" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005188" "obsolete caput epididymis" "0005188" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005189" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005189" "obsolete corpus epididymis" "0005189" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005190" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005190" "obsolete cauda epididymis" "0005190" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005191" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005191" "obsolete cervical artery" "An artery that is part of a uterine cervix [Automatically generated definition]." "0005191" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005192" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005192" "deferent duct artery" "An artery in males that provides blood to the vas deferens. The artery usually arises from the anterior trunk of the superior vesical artery. It accompanies the vas deferens into the testis, where it anastomoses with the testicular artery. In this way it also supplies blood to the testis and epididymis. A small branch supplies the ureter[WP]." "0005192" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005193" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005193" "ethmoidal artery" "One of: anterior or posterior ethmoidal arteries." "0005193" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005194" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005194" "thoracic vein" "A vein that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." "0005194" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005195" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005195" "deferent duct vein" "A vein that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]." "0005195" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005196" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005196" "spleen germinal center" "A germinal center that is part of the spleen. The spleen germinal center is located in a secondary B follicle in the white pulp of the spleen." "0005196" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005197" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005197" "segmental spinal nerve" "0005197" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005198" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005198" "obsolete coat hair bulb" "0005198" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005199" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005199" "cervical mammary gland" "A mammary gland that is part of a cervical region." "0005199" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005200" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005200" "thoracic mammary gland" "A lactiferous gland that is located in the thoracic region/breast." "0005200" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005201" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005201" "obsolete cervical trunk" "0005201" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005202" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005202" "distal straight tubule macula densa" "A macula densa that is part of an ascending limb of loop of Henle [Automatically generated definition]." "0005202" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005203" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005203" "trachea gland" "a tubuloacinar seromucous gland that is located principally in the submucosa of the trachea. Excretory ducts from this gland pass through the lamina propria to the tracheal lumen." "0005203" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005204" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005204" "larynx submucosa gland" "A gland that is part of a larynx submucosa [Automatically generated definition]." "0005204" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005205" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005205" "lamina propria of vagina" "0005205" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005206" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005206" "choroid plexus stroma" "Stromal matrix surrounding blood vessels within the choroid plexus." "0005206" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005207" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005207" "tonsil capsule" "A capsule that is part of a tonsil [Automatically generated definition]." "0005207" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005208" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005208" "right atrium valve" "A valve that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition]." "0005208" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005211" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005211" "renal medulla interstitium" "tissue surrounding the loop of Henle in the renal medulla." "0005211" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005212" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005212" "Leydig cell region of testis" "The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.." "0005212" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005213" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005213" "outer renal medulla interstitium" "A portion of interstitial tissue that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." "0005213" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005214" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005214" "inner renal medulla interstitium" "A portion of interstitial tissue that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." "0005214" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005215" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005215" "kidney interstitium" "The interstitial compartment of the kidney, comprising the extravascular intertubular spaces of the renal parenchyma, with their attendant cellular elements and extracellular substances, bounded on all sides by epithelial and vascular basement membranes." "0005215" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005216" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005216" "optic eminence surface ectoderm" "An external ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]." "0005216" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005217" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005217" "midbrain subarachnoid space" "A subarachnoid space that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0005217" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005218" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005218" "diencephalon subarachnoid space" "A subarachnoid space that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." "0005218" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005219" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005219" "hindbrain subarachnoid space" "A subarachnoid space that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]." "0005219" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005220" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005220" "pancreas head parenchyma" "A parenchyma that is part of a head of pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." "0005220" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005221" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005221" "liver right lobe parenchyma" "A parenchyma that is part of a right lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]." "0005221" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005222" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005222" "liver left lobe parenchyma" "A parenchyma that is part of a left lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]." "0005222" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005223" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005223" "pancreas body parenchyma" "A parenchyma that is part of a body of pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." "0005223" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005224" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005224" "pancreas tail parenchyma" "A parenchyma that is part of a tail of pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." "0005224" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005225" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005225" "upper leg epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0005225" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005226" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005226" "pedal digit epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." "0005226" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005227" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005227" "manual digit epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." "0005227" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005228" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005228" "upper arm epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0005228" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005229" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005229" "lower leg epithelium" "An epithelium that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." "0005229" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005230" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005230" "obsolete fundus epithelium" "0005230" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005233" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005233" "medial-nasal process ectoderm" "An ectoderm that is part of a medial nasal prominence [Automatically generated definition]." "0005233" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005234" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005234" "optic eminence ectoderm" "An ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]." "0005234" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005236" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005236" "osseus labyrinth vestibule" "A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear." "0005236" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005239" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005239" "basal plate metencephalon" "0005239" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005240" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005240" "basal plate medulla oblongata" "0005240" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005241" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005241" "obsolete apical ectodermal ridge forelimb" "A forelimb that is part of an apical ectodermal ridge [Automatically generated definition]." "0005241" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005242" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005242" "obsolete apical ectodermal ridge hindlimb" "A hindlimb that is part of an apical ectodermal ridge [Automatically generated definition]." "0005242" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005243" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005243" "interventricular septum endocardium" "An endocardium that is part of a interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]." "0005243" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005244" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005244" "lobar bronchus of right lung cranial lobe" "." "0005244" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005245" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005245" "lobar bronchus of right lung caudal lobe" "A lobar bronchus that is part of a lower lobe of right lung [Automatically generated definition]." "0005245" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005248" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005248" "bulbus cordis myocardium" "A myocardium that is part of a bulbus cordis [Automatically generated definition]." "0005248" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005249" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005249" "metanephric renal pelvis" "A renal pelvis that is part of a metanephros." "0005249" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005250" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005250" "stomatodeum gland" "A gland that is part of a stomodeum." "0005250" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005251" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005251" "yolk sac cavity" "An anatomical cavity that is part of a yolk sac [Automatically generated definition]." "0005251" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005252" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005252" "lesser sac cavity" "An anatomical cavity that is part of a lesser sac [Automatically generated definition]." "0005252" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005253" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005253" "head mesenchyme" "Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells." "0005253" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005254" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005254" "upper leg mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0005254" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005255" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005255" "pedal digit mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing toe [Automatically generated definition]." "0005255" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005256" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005256" "trunk mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk." "0005256" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005257" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005257" "manual digit mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing finger [Automatically generated definition]." "0005257" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005258" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005258" "upper arm mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." "0005258" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005259" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005259" "lower leg mesenchyme" "Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." "0005259" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005261" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005261" "atrium cardiac jelly" "A cardiac jelly that is part of an atrium [Automatically generated definition]." "0005261" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005262" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005262" "ventricle cardiac jelly" "A cardiac jelly that is part of a ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." "0005262" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005263" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005263" "outflow tract cardiac jelly" "A cardiac jelly that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]." "0005263" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005264" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005264" "obsolete midbrain neural fold" "0005264" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005265" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005265" "obsolete hindbrain neural fold" "0005265" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005266" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005266" "obsolete spinal cord neural fold" "0005266" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005268" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005268" "renal cortex artery" "An artery that supplies the renal cortex." "0005268" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005269" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005269" "renal cortex vein" "Artery that receives blood from the renal cortex[MP, modified]" "0005269" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005270" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005270" "renal cortex interstitium" "A compartment of the renal cortex situated between basement membranes of epithelia and vessels that contains two contiguous cellular networks in mutual contact, one formed by interstitial fibroblasts, the other by dendritic cells." "0005270" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005271" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005271" "juxtamedullary cortex" "The part of the renal cortex nearest to the medulla." "0005271" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005272" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005272" "peritubular capillary" "the tiny blood vessels that receive blood from the efferent arterioles of the glomerulus, and interact with superficial cortical nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron; peritubular capillaries are situated around the tubule and are at low pressure" "0005272" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005273" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005273" "nail bed" "Region of skin beneath the nail plate[WP]." "0005273" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005274" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005274" "proximal nail bed" "0005274" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005275" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005275" "dorsal skin of digit" "0005275" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005276" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005276" "dorsal skin of finger" "A dorsal skin of digit that is part of a manual digit." "0005276" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005277" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005277" "dorsal skin of toe" "A dorsal skin of digit that is part of a pedal digit." "0005277" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005278" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005278" "nail bed of finger" "A nail bed that is part of a manual digit." "0005278" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005279" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005279" "nail bed of toe" "A nail bed that is part of a pedal digit." "0005279" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005280" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005280" "obsolete head mesoderm" "0005280" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005281" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005281" "ventricular system of central nervous system" "A set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord[WP]." "0005281" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005282" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005282" "ventricular system of brain" "0005282" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005283" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005283" "tela choroidea" "A structure found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain, consisting of part of the meninges (pia mater in mammals) plus ependyma[cjm]." "0005283" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005286" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005286" "tela choroidea of midbrain cerebral aqueduct" "Tela choroidea that lines the tectal ventricle." "0005286" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005287" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005287" "tela choroidea of fourth ventricle" "Tela chorioidea that lines the fourth ventricle[ZFA]. The tela chorioidea of the fourth ventricle is the name applied to the triangular fold of pia mater which is carried upward between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. It consists of two layers, which are continuous with each other in front, and are more or less adherent throughout: The posterior layer covers the antero-inferior surface of the cerebellum. The anterior layer is applied to the structures which form the lower part of the roof of the ventricle, and is continuous inferiorly with the pia mater on the inferior peduncles and closed part of the medulla[WP]." "0005287" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005288" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005288" "tela choroidea of third ventricle" "Tela chorioidea that lines the third ventricle[ZFA]. The part of the choroid plexus in relation to the body of the ventricle forms the vascular fringed margin of a triangular process of pia mater, named the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle, and projects from under cover of the lateral edge of the fornix. Blood is supplied by branches from the superior cerebellar artery[WP]." "0005288" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005289" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005289" "tela choroidea of telencephalic ventricle" "Tela chorioidea that lines the telencephalic ventricle." "0005289" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005290" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005290" "myelencephalon" "The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]." "0005290" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005291" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005291" "embryonic tissue" "A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo." "0005291" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005292" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005292" "extraembryonic tissue" "Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo." "0005292" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005293" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005293" "cerebellum lobe" "A major subdivision of the cerebellum: anterior, posterior and flocculonodular" "0005293" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005294" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005294" "gonadal ridge" "the elevation of thickened mesothelium and underlying mesenchyme found on the ventromedial border of the embryonic mesonephros in which the primordial germ cells become embedded, establishing it as the primordium of the testis or ovary" "0005294" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005295" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005295" "sex cord" "Cordlike masses of epithelial tissue that invaginate from germinal epithelium of the gonad and give rise to seminiferous tubules and rete testes in the male, and primary ovarian follicles and rete ovarii in the female." "0005295" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005296" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005296" "ovary sex cord" "structures that develop from sex cords in the female. After further development they become the ovarian follicles." "0005296" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005297" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005297" "testis sex cord" "The testis cords are precursors to the rete testis. They play several different roles in the development of the male genitals[WP]." "0005297" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005298" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005298" "skin of clitoris" "A zone of skin that is part of a clitoris [Automatically generated definition]." "0005298" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005299" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005299" "prepuce of clitoris" "A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the clitoral glans." "0005299" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005300" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005300" "obsolete reproductive gland" "0005300" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005301" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005301" "male preputial gland" "One of the sebaceous glands of the corona and neck of the glans penis." "0005301" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005302" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005302" "female preputial gland" "The paired, lobulated, modified sebaceous glands located on the side of the clitoris in female rodents; in contrast to the preputial glands in male rodents, clitoral glands are a minor source of olfactory stimuli contributing to sexual attractivity; unlike other sebaceous glands, they undergo progressive atrophy of the glandular portion with marked ductal ectasia as rodents age." "0005302" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005303" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005303" "hypogastric nerve" "The transition between the superior hypogastric plexus and the inferior hypogastric plexus." "0005303" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005304" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005304" "submucous nerve plexus" "the gangliated plexus of unmyelinated nerve fibers that ramify the stomach and intestinal submucosa" "0005304" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005305" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005305" "thyroid follicle" "Discrete, cystlike units of the thyroid gland that are lined with cuboidal epithelium and are filled with a colloid substance, about 30 to each lobule[BTO]." "0005305" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005306" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005306" "blastema" "A blastema is a mass of cells capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body parts. Historically blastema have been thought to be composed of undifferentiated pluripotent cells, but recent research indicates that in some organisms blastema may retain memory of tissue origin.[1] Blastemata are typically found in the early stages of an organism's development such as in embryos, and in the regeneration of tissues, organs and bone[WP]. A regenerating tissue composed of a proliferative mass of undifferentiated progenitor cells from which new differentiated structures arise[ZFA]." "0005306" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005307" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005307" "chorion-containing eggshell" "An eggshell that contains chorion. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." "0005307" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005308" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005308" "nephrostome" "The nephrostome is the opening of the pronephros into the body cavity[GO]." "0005308" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005309" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005309" "pronephric nephron" "A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros[GO]." "0005309" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005310" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005310" "pronephric nephron tubule" "The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct[GO]." "0005310" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005311" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005311" "mammary placode" "The mammary placode is a transient lens shaped structure that will give rise to the mammary bud proper[GO]." "0005311" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005312" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005312" "primary ureteric bud" "." "0005312" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005313" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005313" "mammary duct terminal end bud" "A unique club-shaped epithelial structure that develops at the tip of the mammary duct at the onset of puberty under the action of circulating hormones." "0005313" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005314" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005314" "alveolar primary septum" "A primary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that surrounds the saccule as it forms[GO]." "0005314" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005315" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005315" "alveolar secondary septum" "A secondary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that subdivides the initial saccule[GO]." "0005315" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005316" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005316" "endocardial endothelium" "The endothelial lining of the endocardium." "0005316" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005317" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005317" "pulmonary artery endothelium" "An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]." "0005317" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005319" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005319" "mesonephric collecting duct" "The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder[GO]." "0005319" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005320" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005320" "mesonephric juxtaglomerular apparatus" "The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]." "0005320" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005321" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005321" "mesonephric smooth muscle tissue" "." "0005321" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005322" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005322" "mesonephric nephron" "A nephron that is part of a mesonephros." "0005322" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005323" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005323" "mesonephric mesenchyme" "Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros[GO]." "0005323" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005324" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005324" "mesonephric macula densa" "The mesonephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the mesonephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]." "0005324" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005325" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005325" "mesonephric glomerulus" "The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or mesonephros[GO]." "0005325" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005326" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005326" "mesonephric glomerulus vasculature" "The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus[GO]." "0005326" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005327" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005327" "mesonephric glomerular epithelium" "A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros[GO]." "0005327" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005328" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005328" "mesonephric comma-shaped body" "The mesonephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the mesonephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]." "0005328" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005329" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005329" "mesonephric nephron tubule" "A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros[GO]." "0005329" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005330" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005330" "mesonephric nephron epithelium" "The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]." "0005330" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005331" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005331" "mesonephric renal vesicle" "The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the mesonephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells[GO]." "0005331" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005332" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005332" "mesonephric S-shaped body" "The mesonephric S-shaped body is the successor of the mesonephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]." "0005332" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005333" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005333" "mammary bud" "A bulb of epithelial cells that forms from the mammary placode that develops into the mammary gland." "0005333" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005334" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005334" "oral lamina propria" "A lamina propria that is part of a mucosa of oral region." "0005334" -"urn:miriam:uberon:0005335" "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005335" "chorioallantoic membrane" "The chorioallantoic membrane is a vascular membrane found in eggs of some amniotes, such as birds and reptiles. It is formed by the fusion of the mesodermal layers of two developmental structures: the allantois and the chorion. Three different layers compose the chorioallantoic membrane; these are called the chorionic epithelium, the mesenchyme and the allantoic epithelium. Blood capillaries and sinuses are found between epithelial cells of the chorionic layer, allowing close contact (within 0.2 N