Laravel provides a very fluent API for making HTTP requests to your application and examining the output. For example, take a look at the test defined below:
<?php
namespace Tests\Feature;
use Tests\TestCase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;
class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
/**
* A basic test example.
*
* @return void
*/
public function testBasicTest()
{
$response = $this->get('/');
$response->assertStatus(200);
}
}
The get method makes a GET request into the application, while the assertStatus method asserts that the returned response should have the given HTTP status code. In addition to this simple assertion, Laravel also contains a variety of assertions for inspecting the response headers, content, JSON structure, and more.
You may use the withHeaders method to customize the request's headers before it is sent to the application. This allows you to add any custom headers you would like to the request:
<?php
class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
/**
* A basic functional test example.
*
* @return void
*/
public function testBasicExample()
{
$response = $this->withHeaders([
'X-Header' => 'Value',
])->json('POST', '/user', ['name' => 'Sally']);
$response
->assertStatus(200)
->assertJson([
'created' => true,
]);
}
}
Laravel provides several helpers for working with the session during HTTP testing. First, you may set the session data to a given array using the withSession method. This is useful for loading the session with data before issuing a request to your application:
<?php
class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
public function testApplication()
{
$response = $this->withSession(['foo' => 'bar'])
->get('/');
}
}
Of course, one common use of the session is for maintaining state for the authenticated user. The actingAs helper method provides a simple way to authenticate a given user as the current user. For example, we may use a model factory to generate and authenticate a user:
<?php
use App\User;
class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
public function testApplication()
{
$user = factory(User::class)->create();
$response = $this->actingAs($user)
->withSession(['foo' => 'bar'])
->get('/');
}
}
You may also specify which guard should be used to authenticate the given user by passing the guard name as the second argument to the actingAs method:
$this->actingAs($user, 'api')
Laravel also provides several helpers for testing JSON APIs and their responses. For example, the json, get, post, put, patch, and delete methods may be used to issue requests with various HTTP verbs. You may also easily pass data and headers to these methods. To get started, let's write a test to make a POST request to /user and assert that the expected data was returned:
<?php
class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
/**
* A basic functional test example.
*
* @return void
*/
public function testBasicExample()
{
$response = $this->json('POST', '/user', ['name' => 'Sally']);
$response
->assertStatus(200)
->assertJson([
'created' => true,
]);
}
}
{tip} The
assertJsonmethod converts the response to an array and utilizesPHPUnit::assertArraySubsetto verify that the given array exists within the JSON response returned by the application. So, if there are other properties in the JSON response, this test will still pass as long as the given fragment is present.
If you would like to verify that the given array is an exact match for the JSON returned by the application, you should use the assertExactJson method:
<?php
class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
/**
* A basic functional test example.
*
* @return void
*/
public function testBasicExample()
{
$response = $this->json('POST', '/user', ['name' => 'Sally']);
$response
->assertStatus(200)
->assertExactJson([
'created' => true,
]);
}
}
The Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile class provides a fake method which may be used to generate dummy files or images for testing. This, combined with the Storage facade's fake method greatly simplifies the testing of file uploads. For example, you may combine these two features to easily test an avatar upload form:
<?php
namespace Tests\Feature;
use Tests\TestCase;
use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;
class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
public function testAvatarUpload()
{
Storage::fake('avatars');
$response = $this->json('POST', '/avatar', [
'avatar' => UploadedFile::fake()->image('avatar.jpg')
]);
// Assert the file was stored...
Storage::disk('avatars')->assertExists('avatar.jpg');
// Assert a file does not exist...
Storage::disk('avatars')->assertMissing('missing.jpg');
}
}
When creating files using the fake method, you may specify the width, height, and size of the image in order to better test your validation rules:
UploadedFile::fake()->image('avatar.jpg', $width, $height)->size(100);
In addition to creating images, you may create files of any other type using the create method:
UploadedFile::fake()->create('document.pdf', $sizeInKilobytes);
Laravel provides a variety of custom assertion methods for your PHPUnit tests. These assertions may be accessed on the response that is returned from the json, get, post, put, and delete test methods:
assertCookie assertCookieExpired assertCookieMissing assertDontSee assertDontSeeText assertExactJson assertHeader assertHeaderMissing assertJson assertJsonFragment assertJsonMissing assertJsonMissingExact assertJsonStructure assertJsonValidationErrors assertPlainCookie assertRedirect assertSee assertSeeText assertSessionHas assertSessionHasAll assertSessionHasErrors assertSessionHasErrorsIn assertSessionMissing assertStatus assertSuccessful assertViewHas assertViewHasAll assertViewIs assertViewMissing
Assert that the response contains the given cookie:
$response->assertCookie($cookieName, $value = null);
Assert that the response contains the given cookie and it is expired:
$response->assertCookieExpired($cookieName);
Assert that the response does not contains the given cookie:
$response->assertCookieMissing($cookieName);
Assert that the given string is not contained within the response:
$response->assertDontSee($value);
Assert that the given string is not contained within the response text:
$response->assertDontSeeText($value);
Assert that the response contains an exact match of the given JSON data:
$response->assertExactJson(array $data);
Assert that the given header is present on the response:
$response->assertHeader($headerName, $value = null);
Assert that the given header is not present on the response:
$response->assertHeaderMissing($headerName);
Assert that the response contains the given JSON data:
$response->assertJson(array $data);
Assert that the response contains the given JSON fragment:
$response->assertJsonFragment(array $data);
Assert that the response does not contain the given JSON fragment:
$response->assertJsonMissing(array $data);
Assert that the response does not contain the exact JSON fragment:
$response->assertJsonMissingExact(array $data);
Assert that the response has a given JSON structure:
$response->assertJsonStructure(array $structure);
Assert that the response has the given JSON validation errors for the given keys:
$response->assertJsonValidationErrors($keys);
Assert that the response contains the given cookie (unencrypted):
$response->assertPlainCookie($cookieName, $value = null);
Assert that the response is a redirect to a given URI:
$response->assertRedirect($uri);
Assert that the given string is contained within the response:
$response->assertSee($value);
Assert that the given string is contained within the response text:
$response->assertSeeText($value);
Assert that the session contains the given piece of data:
$response->assertSessionHas($key, $value = null);
Assert that the session has a given list of values:
$response->assertSessionHasAll(array $data);
Assert that the session contains an error for the given field:
$response->assertSessionHasErrors(array $keys, $format = null, $errorBag = 'default');
Assert that the session has the given errors:
$response->assertSessionHasErrorsIn($errorBag, $keys = [], $format = null);
Assert that the session does not contain the given key:
$response->assertSessionMissing($key);
Assert that the response has a given code:
$response->assertStatus($code);
Assert that the response has a successful status code:
$response->assertSuccessful();
Assert that the response view was given a piece of data:
$response->assertViewHas($key, $value = null);
Assert that the response view has a given list of data:
$response->assertViewHasAll(array $data);
Assert that the given view was returned by the route:
$response->assertViewIs($value);
Assert that the response view is missing a piece of bound data:
$response->assertViewMissing($key);
Laravel also provides a variety of authentication related assertions for your PHPUnit tests:
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
$this->assertAuthenticated($guard = null); |
Assert that the user is authenticated. |
$this->assertGuest($guard = null); |
Assert that the user is not authenticated. |
$this->assertAuthenticatedAs($user, $guard = null); |
Assert that the given user is authenticated. |
$this->assertCredentials(array $credentials, $guard = null); |
Assert that the given credentials are valid. |
$this->assertInvalidCredentials(array $credentials, $guard = null); |
Assert that the given credentials are invalid. |