lit.bib

@article{Pla16,
abstract = {We present results based on full-mission Planck observations of temperature and polarization anisotropies of the CMB. These data are consistent with the six-parameter inflationary LCDM cosmology. From the Planck temperature and lensing data, for this cosmology we find a Hubble constant, H0= (67.8 +/- 0.9) km/s/Mpc, a matter density parameter Omega{\_}m = 0.308 +/- 0.012 and a scalar spectral index with n{\_}s = 0.968 +/- 0.006. (We quote 68{\%} errors on measured parameters and 95{\%} limits on other parameters.) Combined with Planck temperature and lensing data, Planck LFI polarization measurements lead to a reionization optical depth of tau = 0.066 +/- 0.016. Combining Planck with other astrophysical data we find N{\_} eff = 3.15 +/- 0.23 for the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom and the sum of neutrino masses is constrained to {\textless} 0.23 eV. Spatial curvature is found to be |Omega{\_}K| {\textless} 0.005. For LCDM we find a limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r {\textless}0.11 consistent with the B-mode constraints from an analysis of BICEP2, Keck Array, and Planck (BKP) data. Adding the BKP data leads to a tighter constraint of r {\textless} 0.09. We find no evidence for isocurvature perturbations or cosmic defects. The equation of state of dark energy is constrained to w = -1.006 +/- 0.045. Standard big bang nucleosynthesis predictions for the Planck LCDM cosmology are in excellent agreement with observations. We investigate annihilating dark matter and deviations from standard recombination, finding no evidence for new physics. The Planck results for base LCDM are in agreement with BAO data and with the JLA SNe sample. However the amplitude of the fluctuations is found to be higher than inferred from rich cluster counts and weak gravitational lensing. Apart from these tensions, the base LCDM cosmology provides an excellent description of the Planck CMB observations and many other astrophysical data sets.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1502.01589},
author = {Planck Collaboration},
doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201525830},
eprint = {1502.01589},
file = {:Users/chenran/Dropbox (My New Team)/Sem{\_}6/Bachelor{\_}Arbeit/References/aa25830-15.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780874216561},
issn = {0004-6361},
journal = {Astron. Astrophys.},
keywords = {cosmic background radiation,cosmological parameters,cosmology,observations,theory},
pmid = {15003161},
title = {{Planck 2015 results}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.01589{\%}0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525830},
volume = {13},
year = {2016}
}
@article{DiS01,
abstract = {The discrimination capabilities of a 70 g heat and ionization Ge bolometer are studied. This first prototype has been used by the EDELWEISS dark matter experiment, installed in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane, for direct detection of WIMPs. Gamma and neutron calibrations demonstrate that this type of detector is able to reject more than 99.6{\%} of the background while retaining 95{\%} of the signal, provided that the background events distribution is not biased towards the surface of the Ge crystal. However, the 1.17 kgday of data taken in a relatively important radioactive environment show an extra population slightly overlapping the signal. This background is likely due to interactions of low energy photons or electrons near the surface of the crystal, and is somewhat reduced by applying a higher charge-collecting inverse bias voltage (-6 V instead of -2 V) to the Ge diode. Despite this contamination, more than 98{\%} of the background can be rejected while retaining 50{\%} of the signal. This yields a conservative upper limit of 0.7 eventday-1kg-1keVrecoil-1 at 90{\%} confidence level in the 15-45 keV recoil energy interval; the present sensitivity appears to be limited by the fast ambient neutrons. Upgrades in progress on the installation are summarized. {\textcopyright} 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {astro-ph/0004308},
author = {{Di Stefano}, P. and Berg{\'{e}}, L. and Chambon, B. and Chapellier, M. and others},
doi = {10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00127-4},
eprint = {0004308},
issn = {09276505},
journal = {Astropart. Phys.},
keywords = {95.35.+d,Cryogenic detector,Dark matter,WIMP},
number = {4},
pages = {329--337},
primaryClass = {astro-ph},
title = {{Background discrimination capabilities of a heat and ionization germanium cryogenic detector}},
volume = {14},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Hor07,
author = {Horn, O. M.},
file = {:Users/chenran/Dropbox (My New Team)/Sem 5/Bachelor{\_}Arbeit/Horn{\_}Markus.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0005072336},
journal = {Sci. Rep. FZKA7391},
pages = {145},
title = {{Simulations of the Muon-Induced Neutron Background of the EDELWEISS-II Experiment for Dark Matter Search}},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Arm17,
abstract = {We present the results of measurements demonstrating the efficiency of the EDELWEISS-III array of cryogenic germanium detectors for direct dark matter searches. The experimental setup and the FID (Fully Inter-Digitized) detector array is described, as well as the efficiency of the double measurement of heat and ionization signals in background rejection. For the whole set of 24 FID detectors used for coincidence studies, the baseline resolutions for the fiducial ionization energy are mainly below 0.7 keV{\$}{\_}{\{}ee{\}}{\$} (FHWM) whereas the baseline resolutions for heat energies are mainly below 1.5 keV{\$}{\_}{\{}ee{\}}{\$} (FWHM). The response to nuclear recoils as well as the very good discrimination capability of the FID design has been measured with an AmBe source. The surface {\$}\backslashbeta{\$}- and {\$}\backslashalpha{\$}-decay rejection power of {\$}R{\_}{\{}\backslashrm surf{\}} {\textless} 4 \backslashtimes 10{\^{}}{\{}-5{\}}{\$} per {\$}\backslashalpha{\$} at 90{\%} C.L. has been determined with a {\$}{\^{}}{\{}210{\}}{\$}Pb source, the rejection of bulk {\$}\backslashgamma{\$}-ray events has been demonstrated using {\$}\backslashgamma{\$}-calibrations with {\$}{\^{}}{\{}133{\}}{\$}Ba sources leading to a value of {\$}R{\_}{\{}\backslashgamma{\{}\backslashrm -mis-fid{\}}{\}} {\textless} 2.5 \backslashtimes 10{\^{}}{\{}-6{\}}{\$} at 90{\%} C.L.. The current levels of natural radioactivity measured in the detector array are shown as the rate of single {\$}\backslashgamma{\$} background. The fiducial volume fraction of the FID detectors has been measured to a weighted average value of {\$}(74.6 \backslashpm 0.4)\backslash{\%}{\$} using the cosmogenic activation of the {\$}{\^{}}{\{}65{\}}{\$}Zn and {\$}{\^{}}{\{}68,71{\}}{\$}Ge isotopes. The stability and uniformity of the detector response is also discussed. The achieved resolutions, thresholds and background levels of the upgraded EDELWEISS-III detectors in their setup are thus well suited to the direct search of WIMP dark matter over a large mass range.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1706.01070},
author = {Armengaud, E. and others},
doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/12/08/P08010},
eprint = {1706.01070},
file = {:Users/chenran/Dropbox (My New Team)/Sem{\_}6/Bachelor{\_}Arbeit/References/Armengaud{\_}2017{\_}J.{\_}Inst.{\_}12{\_}P08010.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1748-0221},
journal = {JINST},
mendeley-groups = {BachelorThesis},
number = {08},
pages = {P08010},
title = {{Performance of the EDELWEISS-III experiment for direct dark matter searches}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1706.01070 http://stacks.iop.org/1748-0221/12/i=08/a=P08010?key=crossref.f61b36fb96976907b776fa18f16ad1ca},
volume = {12},
year = {2017}
}
@phdthesis{Klu13,
author = {Kluck, Holger Martin},
file = {:Users/chenran/Dropbox (My New Team)/Sem 5/Bachelor{\_}Arbeit/PhDThesis{\_}Kluck2013.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {cosmic-induced neutrons,muon-induc,neutron yield},
title = {{Measurement of the cosmic-induced neutron yield at the Modane underground laboratory}},
school = {KIT},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Kle68,
abstract = {The problems dealt with concern the production of electron‐hole pairs in a semiconductor exposed to high‐energy radiation. The goal is to develop a simple phenomenological model capable of describing the present experimental situation from the standpoint of yield, variance, and bandgap dependence. We proceed on the premise that $\epsilon$, the average amount of radiation energy consumed per pair, can be accounted for by a sum of three contributions: the intrinsic bandgap (EG ), optical phonon losses r(ℏ$\omega$R ), and the residual kinetic energy (9/5) EG . The approach differs from prior treatments in the sense that the residual kinetic energy relates to a threshold for impact ionization taken to be 3 2 E G in accordance with indications stemming from studies of avalanching in p‐n junctions. This model is subjected to three quantitative tests: (a) Fano‐factor variations are found to reflect the relative weight of phonon losses [K=r(ℏ$\omega$R )/EG ], but residual energy fluctuations govern the statistical behavior for K 2 ≲0.3 . An application to Ge yields good agreement with the best measurements available (F=0.13±0.02 at 77°K). (b) The bandgap dependence of pair‐creation energies conforms to the model [$\epsilon$= (14/5) EG +r(ℏ$\omega$R )] and suggests that optical phonon losses remain essentially constant [0.5≤r(ℏ$\omega$R )≤1.0 eV]. This would imply that the mean‐free‐path ratio for pair production and phonon emission (r=$\lambda$̄ I /$\lambda$ R ) is of the order of 10 or 20 for most semiconductors. (c) A detailed assessment of the situation in Si leads to the conclusion that, in this material, $\lambda$̄ I is approx 400 {\AA}. The figure accords, roughly, with inferences made from the spectral distribution of hot electrons emitted by shallow junctions and thus points to ``average{\&}apos;{\&}apos; impacts occurring at about 5 eV; by the same token, it substantiates the conception of pairs originating either through plasmon decay or in the final stages of a branching process.},
annote = {2,96eV energy needed to creat electron-hole pair in Ge},
author = {Klein, Claude A.},
doi = {10.1063/1.1656484},
issn = {00218979},
journal = {J. Appl. Phys.},
number = {4},
pages = {2029--2038},
title = {{Bandgap dependence and related features of radiation ionization energies in semiconductors}},
volume = {39},
year = {1968}
}
@article{Lan44,
abstract = {The energy distribution function has been determined for fast particles which have traversed a layer of matter of a given thickness and lost energy in the latter as a result of ionization collisions.},
annote = {landau-distribution, for muon-energy deposit in modules},
author = {Landau, L.},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-010586-4.50061-4},
journal = {USSR J. Phys.},
number = {4},
pages = {201--205},
title = {{On the energy loss of fast particles by ionization}},
volume = {8},
year = {1944}
}
@phdthesis{Kef16,
author = {K{\'{e}}f{\'{e}}lian, C{\'{e}}cile},
school = {KIT},
title = {{Search for dark matter with EDELWEISS-III excluding background from muon-induced neutrons}},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Sch13a,
abstract = {A dedicated analysis of the muon-induced background in the EDELWEISS dark matter search has been performed on a data set acquired in 2009 and 2010. The total muon flux underground in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) was measured to be $\Phi$$\mu$=(5.4±0.2-0.9+0.5) muons/m 2/d. The modular design of the $\mu$-veto system allows the reconstruction of the muon trajectory and hence the determination of the angular dependent muon flux in LSM. The results are in good agreement with both MC simulations and earlier measurements. Synchronization of the $\mu$-veto system with the phonon and ionization signals of the Ge detector array allowed identification of muon-induced events. Rates for all muon-induced events $\Gamma$$\mu$=(0.172±0.012)evts/(kgd) and of WIMP-like events $\Gamma$$\mu$-n=0.008-0.004+0.005evts/(kgd) were extracted. After vetoing, the remaining rate of accepted muon-induced neutrons in the EDELWEISS-II dark matter search was determined to be $\Gamma$irred$\mu$- n{\textless}6{\textperiodcentered}10-4evts/(kgd) at 90{\%} C.L. Based on these results, the muon-induced background expectation for an anticipated exposure of 3000 kg d for EDELWEISS-III is N3000kgd$\mu$-n{\textless}0.6 events. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1302.7112},
author = {Schmidt, B. and Armengaud, E. and Augier, C. and Benoit, A. and others},
doi = {10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.01.014},
eprint = {1302.7112},
file = {:Users/chenran/Dropbox (My New Team)/Sem 5/Bachelor{\_}Arbeit/EDW-muonbgd{\_}AstropartPhys{\_}44{\_}2013{\_}28-39.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0927-6505},
issn = {09276505},
journal = {Astropart. Phys.},
keywords = {Cryogenic Ge detectors,Dark matter,Muon flux underground,Muon-induced neutrons,WIMP search},
pages = {28--39},
title = {{Muon-induced background in the EDELWEISS dark matter search}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.01.014},
volume = {44},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Arm13,
abstract = {The EDELWEISS-II collaboration has completed a direct search for WIMP dark matter using cryogenic Ge detectors (400 g each) and 384 kg ?? days of effective exposure. A cross-section of 4.4??10-8 pb is excluded at 90{\%} C. L. for a WIMP mass of 85 GeV. The next phase, EDELWEISS-III, aims to probe spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross-sections down to a few ??10 -9 pb. We present here the study of gamma and neutron background coming from radioactive decays in the set-up and shielding materials. We have carried out Monte Carlo simulations for the completed EDELWEISS-II setup with GEANT4 and normalised the expected background rates to the measured radioactivity levels (or their upper limits) of all materials and components. The expected gamma-ray event rate in EDELWEISS-II at 20-200 keV agrees with the observed rate of 82 events/kg/day within the uncertainties in the measured concentrations. The calculated neutron rate from radioactivity of 1.0-3.1 events (90{\%} C. L.) at 20-200 keV in the EDELWEISS-II data together with the expected upper limit on the misidentified gamma-ray events (???0.9), surface betas (???0.3), and muon-induced neutrons (???0.7), do not contradict five observed events in nuclear recoil band. We have then extended the simulation framework to the EDELWEISS-III configuration with 800 g crystals, better material purity and additional neutron shielding inside the cryostat. The gamma-ray and neutron backgrounds in 24 kg fiducial mass of EDELWEISS-III have been calculated as 14-44 events/kg/day and 0.7-1.4 events per year, respectively. The results of the background studies performed in the present work have helped to select better purity components and improve shielding in EDELWEISS-III to further reduce the expected rate of background events in the next phase of the experiment. ?? 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1305.3628},
author = {Armengaud, E. and Augier, C. and Benoit, A. and Berg{\'{e}}, L. and others},
doi = {10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.05.004},
eprint = {1305.3628},
file = {:Users/chenran/Dropbox (My New Team)/Sem{\_}6/Bachelor{\_}Arbeit/References/Background{\_}studies{\_}for{\_}the{\_}EDELWEISS{\_}dark{\_}matter{\_}experiment.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0927-6505},
issn = {09276505},
journal = {Astropart. Phys.},
keywords = {Background radiation,Dark matter,Radioactivity,The EDELWEISS experiment,WIMPs},
pages = {1--9},
title = {{Background studies for the EDELWEISS dark matter experiment}},
volume = {47},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Zwi33,
abstract = {Diese Arbeit gibt eine Darstellung der wesentlichsten Merkmale extragalaktischer Nebel, sowie der Methoden, welche zur Erforschung derselben gedient haben. Insbesondere wird die sog. Rotverschiebung extragalaktischer Nebel eingehend diskutiert. Verschiedene Theorien, welche zur Erkl{\"{a}}rung dieses wichtigen Ph{\"{a}}nomens aufgestellt worden sind, werden kurz besprochen. Schliesslich wird angedeutet, inwiefern die Rotverschiebung f{\"{u}}r das Studium der durchdringenden Strahlung von Wichtigkeit zu werden verspricht.},
annote = {first idea of existence of the cold dark matter},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
author = {Zwicky, F},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5169/seals-110267},
eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
file = {:Users/chenran/Dropbox (My New Team)/Sem 5/Bachelor{\_}Arbeit/hpa-001{\_}1933{\_}6{\_}{\_}648{\_}d.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0018-0238},
issn = {0018-0238},
journal = {Helv. Phys. Acta},
pages = {110--127},
pmid = {25246403},
title = {{Die Rotverschiebung von extragalaktischen Nebeln}},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data{\_}query?bibcode=1933AcHPh...6..110Z{\&}link{\_}type=GIF{\%}5Cnpapers2://publication/uuid/E29E0909-762A-4A9D-B5B6-B850822D944A},
volume = {6},
year = {1933}
}
@article{Fio07,
abstract = {This paper presents our interpretation and understanding of the different backgrounds in the EDELWEISS-I data sets. We analyze in detail the several populations observed, which include gammas, alphas, neutrons, thermal sensor events and surface events, and try to combine all data sets to provide a coherent picture of the nature and localization of the background sources. In light of this interpretation, we draw conclusions regarding the background suppression scheme for the EDELWEISS-II phase. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {astro-ph/0610821},
author = {Fiorucci, S. and Benoit, A. and Berg{\'{e}}, L. and Bl{\"{u}}mer, J. and others},
doi = {10.1016/j.astropartphys.2007.05.003},
eprint = {0610821},
issn = {09276505},
journal = {Astropart. Phys.},
keywords = {Bolometers,Dark matter,Germanium detectors,Supersymmetry,WIMPs},
month = {sep},
number = {1},
pages = {143--153},
primaryClass = {astro-ph},
title = {{Identification of backgrounds in the EDELWEISS-I dark matter search experiment}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927650507000722},
volume = {28},
year = {2007}
}
@mastersthesis{Sch13b,
author = {Schipperges, V},
school = {KIT},
type = {Bachelor Thesis},
booktitle = {Bachelor thesis, Karlsruher Institut f{\"{u}}r Technologie (KIT)},
title = {{Vermessung der Auslesetotzeit des EDELWEISS-3 Myon-Veto-Systems}},
year = {2013}
}
@mastersthesis{Rei98,
author = {Reichenbacher, J},
school = {KIT},
type = {Diplomarbeit},
booktitle = {Ph.D. thesis, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Karlsruhe},
title = {{Untersuchung der optischen Eigenschaften grossfl{\"{a}}chiger Plastikszintillatoren f{\"{u}}r den KARMEN-Upgrade}},
year = {1998}
}
@mastersthesis{Hab04,
author = {Habermehl, F},
school = {KIT},
type = {Diplomarbeit},
booktitle = {Diploma thesis, Universit{\"{a}}t Karlsruhe(TH)},
title = {{Entwicklung der Datenaufnahme und Tests der Vetomodule f{\"{u}}r das EDELWEISS II muon-Vetoz{\"{a}}hlersystem}},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Bru97,
abstract = {The ROOT system in an Object Oriented framework for large scale data analysis. ROOT written in C++, contains, among others, an efficient hierarchical OO database, a C++ interpreter, advanced statistical analysis (multi-dimensional histogramming, fitting, minimization, cluster finding algorithms) and visualization tools. The user interacts with ROOT via a graphical user interface, the command line or batch scripts. The command and scripting language is C++ (using the interpreter) and large scripts can be compiled and dynamically linked in. The OO database design has been optimized for parallel access (reading as well as writing) by multiple processes.},
author = {Brun, Rene and Rademakers, Fons},
doi = {10.1016/S0168-9002(97)00048-X},
isbn = {0168-9002},
issn = {01689002},
journal = {Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip.},
mendeley-groups = {BachelorThesis},
number = {1-2},
pages = {81--86},
title = {{ROOT - An object oriented data analysis framework}},
volume = {389},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Cox12,
abstract = {A multi-tiered data structure, analysis toolkit and data processing management system has been constructed using ROOT and CouchDB. This system is well suited for experiments that acquire many computer files of raw data over the course of months or years, that are distributed to different computing centers and further reduced in size by several steps of data processing. Data handling for experiments searching for rare events extracted from digitized pulse traces typically fit this description. An implementation of this system has been constructed for the EDELWEISS-III experiment and is described here in some detail. This solution may also serve as a prototype system for the proposed EURECA experiment.  2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Cox, G A and Armengaud, E and Augier, C and Benoit, A and others},
doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2012.04.049},
issn = {01689002},
journal = {Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip.},
keywords = {Data handling,Data structures,Distributed computer systems,Experiments,Information management},
mendeley-groups = {BachelorThesis},
pages = {63--72},
title = {{A multi-tiered data structure and process management system based on ROOT and CouchDB}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.04.049},
volume = {684},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Rub80,
abstract = {For 21 Sc galaxies whose properties encompass a wide range of radii, masses, and luminosities, we have obtained major axis spectra extending to the faint outer regions, and have deduced rotation curves. The galaxies are of high inclination, so uncertainties in the angle of inclination to the line of sight and in the position angle of the major axis are minimized. Their radii range from 4 to 122 kpc (H = 50km s-1 Mpc-1); in general, the rotation curves extend to 83{\%} or R25i.b. When plotted on a linear scale with no scaling, the rotation curves for the smallest galaxies fall upon the initial parts of the rotation curves for the larger galaxies. All curves show a fairly rapid velocity rise to V ∼ 125 km s-1 at R ∼ 5 kpc, and a slower rise thereafter. Most rotation curves are rising slowly even at the farthest measured point. Neither high nor low luminosity Sc galaxies have falling rotation curves. Sc galaxies of all luminosities must have significant mass located beyond the optical image. A linear relation between log Vmax and log R follows from the shape of the common rotation curve for all Sc's, and the tendency of smaller galaxies, at any R, to have lower velocities than the large galaxies at that R. The significantly shallower slope discovered for this relation by Tully and Fisher is attributed to their use of galaxies of various Hubble types and the known correlation of Vmax with Hubble type. The galaxies with very large central velocity gradients tend to be large, of high luminosity, with massive, dense nuclei. Often their nuclear spectra show a strong stellar continuum in the red, with emission lines of [N II] stronger than H$\alpha$. These galaxies also tend to be 13 cm radio continuum sources. Because of the form of the rotation curves, small galaxies undergo many short-period, very differential, rotations. Large galaxies undergo (in their outer parts) few, only slightly differential, rotations. This suggests a relation between morphology, rotational properties, and the van den Bergh luminosity classification, which is discussed. UGC 2885, the largest Sc in the sample, has undergone fewer than 10 rotations in its outer parts since the origin of the universe but has a regular two-armed spiral pattern and no significant velocity asymmetries. This observation puts constraints on models of galaxy formation and evolution.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
author = {Rubin, V. C. and Thonnard, N. and {Ford, W. K.}, Jr.},
doi = {10.1086/158003},
eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
file = {:Users/chenran/Dropbox (My New Team)/Sem{\_}6/Bachelor{\_}Arbeit/References/1980ApJ{\_}{\_}{\_}238{\_}{\_}471R.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9788578110796},
issn = {0004-637X},
journal = {Astrophys. J.},
mendeley-groups = {BachelorThesis},
pages = {471},
pmid = {25246403},
title = {{Rotational properties of 21 SC galaxies with a large range of luminosities and radii, from NGC 4605 /R = 4kpc/ to UGC 2885 /R = 122 kpc/}},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/doi/10.1086/158003},
volume = {238},
year = {1980}
}
@article{Pec77,
abstract = {We give an explanation of the CP conservation of strong interactions which includes the effects of pseudoparticles. We find it is a natural result for any theory where at least one flavor of fermion acquires its mass through a Yukawa coupling to a scalar field which has nonvanishing vacuum expectation value.},
author = {Peccei, R. D. and Quinn, Helen R.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.38.1440},
issn = {00319007},
journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
mendeley-groups = {BachelorThesis},
number = {25},
pages = {1440--1443},
title = {{CP conservation in the presence of pseudoparticles}},
volume = {38},
year = {1977}
}
@article{Clo06,
abstract = {We present new weak-lensing observations of 1E 0657Ϫ558 (), a unique cluster merger, that enable a z p 0.296 direct detection of dark matter, independent of assumptions regarding the nature of the gravitational force law. Due to the collision of two clusters, the dissipationless stellar component and the fluid-like X-ray–emitting plasma are spatially segregated. By using both wide-field ground-based images and HST/ACS images of the cluster cores, we create gravitational lensing maps showing that the gravitational potential does not trace the plasma distribution, the dominant baryonic mass component, but rather approximately traces the distribution of galaxies. An 8 j significance spatial offset of the center of the total mass from the center of the baryonic mass peaks cannot be explained with an alteration of the gravitational force law and thus proves that the majority of the matter in the system is unseen.},
annote = {Bullet Cluster},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {astro-ph/0608407},
author = {Clowe, Douglas and Brada{\v{c}}, Maru{\v{s}}a and Gonzalez, Anthony H and others},
doi = {10.1086/508162},
eprint = {0608407},
file = {:Users/chenran/Dropbox (My New Team)/Sem{\_}6/Bachelor{\_}Arbeit/References/Clowe{\_}2006{\_}ApJ{\_}648{\_}L109.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0004-637X},
issn = {0004-637X},
journal = {Astrophys. J.},
keywords = {Subject headings,clusters,dark matter — galaxies,individual (1E 0657Ϫ558) — gravitational lensing},
pages = {109--113},
primaryClass = {astro-ph},
title = {{a Direct Empirical Proof of the Existence of Dark Matter 1}},
volume = {648},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Mil83,
abstract = {The author considers the possibility that there is not, in fact, much hidden mass in galaxies and galaxy systems. If a certain modified version of the Newtonian dynamics is used to describe the motion of bodies in a gravitational field (of a galaxy, say), the observational results are reproduced with no need to assume hidden mass in appreciable quantities. Various characteristics of galaxies result with no further assumptions. The basis of the modification is the assumption that in the limit of small acceleration a very low a0, the acceleration of a particle at distance r from a mass M satisfies approximately a2/a0 ≈ MGr-2, where a0 is a constant of the dimensions of an acceleration.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
author = {Milgrom, M.},
doi = {10.1086/161130},
eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
isbn = {9788578110796},
issn = {0004-637X},
journal = {Astrophys. J.},
pages = {365},
pmid = {25246403},
title = {{A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis}},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/doi/10.1086/161130},
volume = {270},
year = {1983}
}
@mastersthesis{Nie10,
author = {Nieder, Holger},
title = {{Bestimmung des Flusses kosmischer Myonen durch das Edelweiss-II Experiment}},
school = {KIT},
type = {Diplomarbeit},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Dre13,
abstract = {Neutrinos are the only particles in the Standard Model of particle physics that have only been observed with left handed chirality to date. If right handed neutrinos exist, they could be responsible for several phenomena that have no explanation within the Standard Model, including neutrino oscillations, the baryon asymmetry of the universe, dark matter and dark radiation. After a pedagogical introduction, we review recent progress in the phenomenology of right handed neutrinos. We in particular discuss the mass ranges suggested by hints for neutrino oscillation anomalies and dark radiation (eV), sterile neutrino dark matter scenarios (keV) and experimentally testable theories of baryogenesis (GeV to TeV). We summarize constraints from theoretical considerations, laboratory experiments, astrophysics and cosmology for each of these.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1303.6912},
author = {Drewes, Marco},
doi = {10.1142/S0218301313300191},
eprint = {1303.6912},
file = {:Users/chenran/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Drewes - 2013 - The Phenomenology of Right Handed Neutrinos.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {10.1142/S0218301313300191},
issn = {0218-3013},
journal = {Int. J. Mod. Phys. E},
number = {08},
title = {{The Phenomenology of Right Handed Neutrinos}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1303.6912 http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218301313300191},
volume = {22},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Und15,
abstract = {In the past decades, several detector technologies have been developed with the quest to directly detect dark matter interactions and to test one of the most important unsolved questions in modern physics. The sensitivity of these experiments has improved with a tremendous speed due to a constant development of the detectors and analysis methods, proving uniquely suited devices to solve the dark matter puzzle, as all other discovery strategies can only indirectly infer its existence. Despite the overwhelming evidence for dark matter from cosmological indications at small and large scales, a clear evidence for a particle explaining these observations remains absent. This review summarises the status of direct dark matter searches, focussing on the detector technologies used to directly detect a dark matter particle producing recoil energies in the keV energy scale. The phenomenological signal expectations, main background sources, statistical treatment of data and calibration strategies are discussed.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1509.08767},
author = {Undagoitia, Teresa Marrod{\'{a}}n and Rauch, Ludwig},
journal = {J. Phys. G },
doi = {10.1088/0954-3899/43/1/013001},
eprint = {1509.08767},
issn = {13616471},
keywords = {dark matter,dark matter searches,direct detection},
number = {1},
title = {{Dark matter direct-detection experiments}},
volume = {43},
year = {2015}
}