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AnyKernel2 - Flashable Zip Template for Kernel Releases with Ramdisk Modifications

by osm0sis @ xda-developers

"AnyKernel is a template for an update.zip that can apply any kernel to any ROM, regardless of ramdisk." - Koush

AnyKernel2 pushes the format even further by allowing kernel developers to modify the underlying ramdisk for kernel feature support easily using a number of included command methods along with properties and variables.

A working script based on DirtyV Kernel for Galaxy Nexus (tuna) is included for reference.

// Properties / Variables

kernel.string=KernelName by YourName @ xda-developers
do.devicecheck=1
do.modules=1
do.cleanup=1
do.cleanuponabort=0
device.name1=maguro
device.name2=toro
device.name3=toroplus

block=/dev/block/platform/omap/omap_hsmmc.0/by-name/boot;
is_slot_device=0;

do.devicecheck=1 specified requires at least device.name1 to be present. This should match ro.product.device or ro.build.product for your device. There is support for up to 5 device.name# properties.

do.modules=1 will push the contents of the module directory to /system/lib/modules/ and apply 644 permissions.

do.cleanup=0 will keep the zip from removing it's working directory in /tmp/anykernel - this can be useful if trying to debug in adb shell whether the patches worked correctly.

do.cleanuponabort=0 will keep the zip from removing it's working directory in /tmp/anykernel in case of installation abort.

is_slot_device=1 enables detection of the suffix for the active boot partition on slot-based devices and will add this to the end of the supplied block= path.

// Command Methods

dump_boot
backup_file <file>
replace_string <file> <if search string> <original string> <replacement string>
replace_section <file> <begin search string> <end search string> <replacement string>
remove_section <file> <begin search string> <end search string>
insert_line <file> <if search string> <before|after> <line match string> <inserted line>
replace_line <file> <line replace string> <replacement line>
remove_line <file> <line match string>
prepend_file <file> <if search string> <patch file>
insert_file <file> <if search string> <before|after> <line match string> <patch file>
append_file <file> <if search string> <patch file>
replace_file <file> <permissions> <patch file>
patch_fstab <fstab file> <mount match name> <fs match type> <block|mount|fstype|options|flags> <original string> <replacement string>
patch_cmdline <cmdline match string> [<replacement string>]
patch_prop <prop file> <prop name> <new prop value>
write_boot

"if search string" is the string it looks for to decide whether it needs to add the tweak or not, so generally something to indicate the tweak already exists. "cmdline match string" behaves somewhat like this while also being the new cmdline addition for the patch_cmdline function. "prop name" also serves as a match check for a property in the given prop file, but is only the prop name as the prop value is specified separately.

Similarly, "line match string" and "line replace string" are the search strings that locate where the modification needs to be made for those commands, "begin search string" and "end search string" are both required to select the first and last lines of the script block to be replaced for replace_section, and "mount match name" and "fs match type" are both required to narrow the patch_fstab command down to the correct entry.

"before|after" requires you simply specify "before" or "after" for the placement of the inserted line, in relation to "line match string".

"block|mount|fstype|options|flags" requires you specify which part (listed in order) of the fstab entry you want to check and alter.

You may also use ui_print "<text>" to write messages back to the recovery during the modification process, and contains "<string>" "<substring>" to simplify string testing logic you might want in your script.

// Binary Inclusion

The AK2 repo includes my latest static ARM builds of mkbootimg, unpackbootimg and busybox by default to keep the basic package small. Builds for other architectures and optional binaries (see below) are available from my latest AIK-mobile and FlashIt packages, respectively, here:

https://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2073775 (Android Image Kitchen thread)
https://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2239421 (Odds and Ends thread)

Optional supported binaries which may be placed in /tools to enable built-in expanded functionality are as follows:

  • mkbootfs - for broken recoveries, or, booted flash support for a script or app via bind mounting to a /tmp directory
  • flash_erase, nanddump, nandwrite - MTD block device support for devices where the dd command is not sufficient
  • pxa1088-unpackbootimg, pxa1088-mkbootimg - Samsung/Marvell PXA1088 boot.img format variant support
  • dumpimage, mkimage - DENX U-Boot uImage format support
  • unpackelf - Sony ELF kernel.elf format support, repacking as AOSP standard boot.img for unlocked bootloaders
  • mkmtkhdr - MTK device boot image section headers support
  • futility + chromeos test keys directory - Google ChromeOS signature support
  • BootSignature_Android.jar + avb keys directory - Google Android Verified Boot (AVB) signature support
  • blobpack - Asus SignBlob signature support

// Instructions

  1. Place zImage in the root (dtb should also go here for devices that require a custom one, both will fallback to the original if not included)

  2. Place any required ramdisk files in /ramdisk, and modules in /modules

  3. Place any required patch files (generally partial files which go with commands) in /patch

  4. Modify the anykernel.sh to add your kernel's name, boot partition location, permissions for included ramdisk files, and use methods for any required ramdisk modifications

  5. zip -r9 UPDATE-AnyKernel2.zip * -x README UPDATE-AnyKernel2.zip

If supporting a recovery that forces zip signature verification (like Cyanogen Recovery) then you will need to also sign your zip using the method I describe here:

http://forum.xda-developers.com/android/software-hacking/dev-complete-shell-script-flashable-zip-t2934449

Not required, but any tweaks you can't hardcode into the source (best practice) should be added with an additional init.tweaks.rc or bootscript.sh to minimize the necessary ramdisk changes.

It is also extremely important to note that for the broadest AK2 compatibility it is always better to modify a ramdisk file rather than replace it.

If running into trouble when flashing an AK2 zip, the suffix -debugging may be added to the zip's filename to enable creation of a debug .tgz of /tmp for later examination while booted or on desktop.

Have fun!