[Meta] Demography and allocation

[j-emberton]

This meta issue tracks the development of the demography feature, focusing on plant growth simulation and canopy modeling. The tasks include implementing core models and functions, refining data structures, addressing discrepancies, and enhancing documentation. Key components like plant functional types (PFT), community objects, and canopy dynamics are central to this feature. Additionally, the issue covers validation, solver improvements, and the integration of light allocation processes.

Code structure, workflow and API issues:

• Shared base classes for demography classes. #314
• Revise cohort structure inside Community #336
• Validate sign of inputs to T Model functions. #295
• Review validation and return shapes from demography objects #317
• Explore structures to synchronise trait details across the two PFT traits, Flora and Stem Traits. #301
• Group internal attributes in Canopy into cohort and community objects. #337

New functionality:

• Update documentation for canopy and crown #316
• Calculate light extinction/interception #315
• Application of the T Model allocation process to estimate plant growth and hence simulate the dynamics of plant growth through time. #135
• Investigate solver options for finding canopy layer closure heights #293

Includes issues:

• Demography components #227 (PR with prototype demography sketch)
• Implementation of Flora and PlantFunctionalType #276
• Implementation of Community object #278
• Potential Discrepancy in Yield Factor Value in tmodel_const.py #281
• Complete implementation of T Model functions in demography module and test better. #284
• Implementation of the Canopy model #286
• Add the light allocation process to the Canopy #289
• Add helper functions for PFT geometry and canopy shape. #290
• Look at replacing pandas in pyrealm.demography #291
• Update traits data structures #298
• Minor T Model updates #302
• Add StemAllometry class #305
• Add StemAllocation class #307
• Add CanopyProfile class #309
• Add user docs demonstrating demography traits and crown properties. #312