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1. kubectl命令介绍

kubectl的命令语法

kubectl [command] [TYPE] [NAME] [flags]

其中command，TYPE，NAME，和flags分别是：

command: 指定要在一个或多个资源进行操作，例如create，get，describe，delete。
TYPE：指定资源类型。资源类型区分大小写，您可以指定单数，复数或缩写形式。例如，以下命令产生相同的输出：
```
kubectl get pod pod1  
kubectl get pods pod1 
kubectl get po pod1
```

NAME：指定资源的名称。名称区分大小写。如果省略名称，则会显示所有资源的详细信息,比如$ kubectl get pods。

按类型和名称指定多种资源：

* 要分组资源，如果它们都是相同的类型：`TYPE1 name1 name2 name<#>`.<br/>
例: `$ kubectl get pod example-pod1 example-pod2`

* 要分别指定多种资源类型:  `TYPE1/name1 TYPE1/name2 TYPE2/name3 TYPE<#>/name<#>`.<br/>
例: `$ kubectl get pod/example-pod1 replicationcontroller/example-rc1`

flags：指定可选标志。例如，您可以使用-s或--serverflags来指定Kubernetes API服务器的地址和端口。

更多命令介绍：

[root@node5 ~]# kubectl
kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.

Find more information at https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes.

Basic Commands (Beginner):
  create         Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
  expose         Take a replication controller, service, deployment or pod and expose it as a new Kubernetes Service
  run            Run a particular image on the cluster
  set            Set specific features on objects
  run-container  Run a particular image on the cluster. This command is deprecated, use "run" instead

Basic Commands (Intermediate):
  get            Display one or many resources
  explain        Documentation of resources
  edit           Edit a resource on the server
  delete         Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector

Deploy Commands:
  rollout        Manage the rollout of a resource
  rolling-update Perform a rolling update of the given ReplicationController
  scale          Set a new size for a Deployment, ReplicaSet, Replication Controller, or Job
  autoscale      Auto-scale a Deployment, ReplicaSet, or ReplicationController

Cluster Management Commands:
  certificate    Modify certificate resources.
  cluster-info   Display cluster info
  top            Display Resource (CPU/Memory/Storage) usage.
  cordon         Mark node as unschedulable
  uncordon       Mark node as schedulable
  drain          Drain node in preparation for maintenance
  taint          Update the taints on one or more nodes

Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
  describe       Show details of a specific resource or group of resources
  logs           Print the logs for a container in a pod
  attach         Attach to a running container
  exec           Execute a command in a container
  port-forward   Forward one or more local ports to a pod
  proxy          Run a proxy to the Kubernetes API server
  cp             Copy files and directories to and from containers.
  auth           Inspect authorization

Advanced Commands:
  apply          Apply a configuration to a resource by filename or stdin
  patch          Update field(s) of a resource using strategic merge patch
  replace        Replace a resource by filename or stdin
  convert        Convert config files between different API versions

Settings Commands:
  label          Update the labels on a resource
  annotate       Update the annotations on a resource
  completion     Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh)

Other Commands:
  api-versions   Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"
  config         Modify kubeconfig files
  help           Help about any command
  plugin         Runs a command-line plugin
  version        Print the client and server version information

Use "kubectl <command> --help" for more information about a given command.
Use "kubectl options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).

2. 操作的常用资源对象

Node
Podes
Replication Controllers
Services
Namespace
Deployment
StatefulSet

具体对象类型及缩写：

  * all
  * certificatesigningrequests (aka 'csr')
  * clusterrolebindings
  * clusterroles
  * componentstatuses (aka 'cs')
  * configmaps (aka 'cm')
  * controllerrevisions
  * cronjobs
  * customresourcedefinition (aka 'crd')
  * daemonsets (aka 'ds')
  * deployments (aka 'deploy')
  * endpoints (aka 'ep')
  * events (aka 'ev')
  * horizontalpodautoscalers (aka 'hpa')
  * ingresses (aka 'ing')
  * jobs
  * limitranges (aka 'limits')
  * namespaces (aka 'ns')
  * networkpolicies (aka 'netpol')
  * nodes (aka 'no')
  * persistentvolumeclaims (aka 'pvc')
  * persistentvolumes (aka 'pv')
  * poddisruptionbudgets (aka 'pdb')
  * podpreset
  * pods (aka 'po')
  * podsecuritypolicies (aka 'psp')
  * podtemplates
  * replicasets (aka 'rs')
  * replicationcontrollers (aka 'rc')
  * resourcequotas (aka 'quota')
  * rolebindings
  * roles
  * secrets
  * serviceaccounts (aka 'sa')
  * services (aka 'svc')
  * statefulsets (aka 'sts')
  * storageclasses (aka 'sc')

3. kubectl命令分类[command]

3.1 增

1）create:[Create a resource by filename or stdin]

2）run:[ Run a particular image on the cluster]

3）apply:[Apply a configuration to a resource by filename or stdin]

4）proxy:[Run a proxy to the Kubernetes API server ]

3.2 删

1）delete:[Delete resources ]

3.3 改

1）scale:[Set a new size for a Replication Controller]

2）exec:[Execute a command in a container]

3）attach:[Attach to a running container]

4）patch:[Update field(s) of a resource by stdin]

5）edit:[Edit a resource on the server]

6） label:[Update the labels on a resource]

7）annotate:[Auto-scale a replication controller]

8）replace:[Replace a resource by filename or stdin]

9）config:[config modifies kubeconfig files]

3.4 查

1）get:[Display one or many resources]

2）describe:[Show details of a specific resource or group of resources]

3）log:[Print the logs for a container in a pod]

4）cluster-info:[Display cluster info]

5） version:[Print the client and server version information]

6）api-versions:[Print the supported API versions]

4. Pod相关命令

4.1 查询Pod

kubectl get pod -o wide --namespace=<NAMESPACE>

4.2 进入Pod

kubectl exec -it <PodName> /bin/bash --namespace=<NAMESPACE>

# 进入Pod中指定容器
kubectl exec -it <PodName> -c <ContainerName> /bin/bash --namespace=<NAMESPACE>

4.3 删除Pod

kubectl delete pod <PodName> --namespace=<NAMESPACE>

# 强制删除Pod，当Pod一直处于Terminating状态
kubectl delete pod <PodName> --namespace=<NAMESPACE> --force --grace-period=0

# 删除某个namespace下某个类型的所有对象
kubectl delete deploy --all --namespace=test

4.4 日志查看

$ 查看运行容器日志 
kubectl logs <PodName> --namespace=<NAMESPACE>
$ 查看上一个挂掉的容器日志 
kubectl logs <PodName> -p --namespace=<NAMESPACE>

5. 常用命令

5.1. Node隔离与恢复

说明：Node设置隔离之后，原先运行在该Node上的Pod不受影响，后续的Pod不会调度到被隔离的Node上。

1. Node隔离

# cordon命令
kubectl cordon <NodeName>
# 或者
kubectl patch node <NodeName> -p '{"spec":{"unschedulable":true}}'

2. Node恢复

# uncordon
kubectl uncordon <NodeName>
# 或者
kubectl patch node <NodeName> -p '{"spec":{"unschedulable":false}}'

5.2. kubectl label

1. 固定Pod到指定机器

kubectl label node <NodeName> namespace/<NAMESPACE>=true

2. 取消Pod固定机器

kubectl label node <NodeName> namespace/<NAMESPACE>-

5.3. 升级镜像

# 升级镜像
kubectl set image deployment/nginx nginx=nginx:1.15.12 -n nginx
# 查看滚动升级情况
kubectl rollout status deployment/nginx  -n nginx

5.4. 调整资源值

# 调整指定容器的资源值
kubectl set resources sts nginx-0 -c=agent --limits=memory=512Mi -n nginx

5.5. 调整readiness probe

# 批量查看readiness probe timeoutSeconds
kubectl get statefulset -o=jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{"\t"}{.spec.template.spec.containers[0].readinessProbe.timeoutSeconds}{"\n"}{end}'

# 调整readiness probe timeoutSeconds参数
kubectl patch statefulset nginx-sts --type='json' -p='[{"op": "replace", "path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/readinessProbe/timeoutSeconds", "value":5}]' -n nginx

5.6. 调整tolerations属性

kubectl patch statefulset nginx-sts --patch '{"spec": {"template": {"spec": {"tolerations": [{"effect": "NoSchedule","key": "dedicated","operator": "Equal","value": "nginx"}]}}}}' -n nginx

5.7. 查看所有节点的IP

kubectl get nodes -o=jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{"\t"}{.status.addresses[0].address}{"\n"}{end}'

5.8. 查看当前k8s组件leader节点

当k8s集群高可用部署的时候，kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler只能一个服务处于实际逻辑运行状态，通过参数--leader-elect=true来开启选举操作。以下提供查询leader节点的命令。

$ kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system  -o yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
  annotations:
    control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx_6537b938-7f5a-11e9-8487-00220d338975","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2019-05-26T02:03:18Z","renewTime":"2019-05-26T02:06:08Z","leaderTransitions":1}'
  creationTimestamp: "2019-05-26T01:52:39Z"
  name: kube-controller-manager
  namespace: kube-system
  resourceVersion: "1965"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager
  uid: f1755fc5-7f58-11e9-b4c4-00220d338975

以上表示"holderIdentity":"xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx为kube-controller-manager的leader节点。

同理，可以通过以下命令查看kube-scheduler的leader节点。

kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler --namespace=kube-system  -o yaml

5.9. 修改副本数

kubectl scale deployment.v1.apps/nginx-deployment --replicas=10

5.10. 批量删除pod

kubectl get po -n default |grep Evicted |awk '{print $1}' |xargs -I {} kubectl delete po  {} -n default

参考文章：

https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/
https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/

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kubectl-commands.md

kubectl-commands.md

1. kubectl命令介绍

2. 操作的常用资源对象

3. kubectl命令分类[command]

3.1 增

3.2 删

3.3 改

3.4 查

4. Pod相关命令

4.1 查询Pod

4.2 进入Pod

4.3 删除Pod

4.4 日志查看

5. 常用命令

5.1. Node隔离与恢复

5.2. kubectl label

5.3. 升级镜像

5.4. 调整资源值

5.5. 调整readiness probe

5.6. 调整tolerations属性

5.7. 查看所有节点的IP

5.8. 查看当前k8s组件leader节点

5.9. 修改副本数

5.10. 批量删除pod

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kubectl-commands.md

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kubectl-commands.md

File metadata and controls

1. kubectl命令介绍

2. 操作的常用资源对象

3. kubectl命令分类[command]

3.1 增

3.2 删

3.3 改

3.4 查

4. Pod相关命令

4.1 查询Pod

4.2 进入Pod

4.3 删除Pod

4.4 日志查看

5. 常用命令

5.1. Node隔离与恢复

5.2. kubectl label

5.3. 升级镜像

5.4. 调整资源值

5.5. 调整readiness probe

5.6. 调整tolerations属性

5.7. 查看所有节点的IP

5.8. 查看当前k8s组件leader节点

5.9. 修改副本数

5.10. 批量删除pod