diff --git a/.github/workflows/docker.yml b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
index fa16ad46..5c8a7f29 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ jobs:
           submodules: recursive
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
       - name: Prepare
         id: prepare
         run: |
diff --git a/etc/docker/environment/Dockerfile b/etc/docker/environment/Dockerfile
index d2e86d49..116915b2 100644
--- a/etc/docker/environment/Dockerfile
+++ b/etc/docker/environment/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2022-2023, The OTNS Authors.
+# Copyright (c) 2022-2024, The OTNS Authors.
 # All rights reserved.
 #
 # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 # ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 # POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-FROM golang:1.18
+FROM golang:1.22
 
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3 python3-pip sudo unzip nodejs npm git && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
diff --git a/etc/docker/playground/Dockerfile b/etc/docker/playground/Dockerfile
index a966cee8..82abc0f5 100644
--- a/etc/docker/playground/Dockerfile
+++ b/etc/docker/playground/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2020, The OTNS Authors.
+# Copyright (c) 2020-2024, The OTNS Authors.
 # All rights reserved.
 #
 # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 # POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
 # Stage 0: build OTNS and dependencies
-FROM golang:1.18
+FROM golang:1.22
 
 RUN apt-get update
 RUN apt-get install -y python3 python3-pip unzip
@@ -33,13 +33,8 @@ RUN apt-get install -y python3 python3-pip unzip
 COPY . /otns
 WORKDIR /otns
 RUN ./script/install-deps
+RUN ./script/test build-openthread-versions
 RUN ./script/install
-WORKDIR /otns/ot-rfsim
-RUN ./script/bootstrap
-RUN ./script/build_latest
-RUN ./script/build_v11
-RUN ./script/build_v12
-RUN ./script/build_v13
 
 RUN strip /go/bin/grpcwebproxy /go/bin/otns
 
diff --git a/ot-rfsim/script/bootstrap b/ot-rfsim/script/bootstrap
deleted file mode 100755
index 1de50f60..00000000
--- a/ot-rfsim/script/bootstrap
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-#
-#  Copyright (c) 2017-2024, The OpenThread Authors.
-#  All rights reserved.
-#
-#  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-#  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-#  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-#     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-#     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-#     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-#  3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the
-#     names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
-#     derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-#  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
-#  AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-#  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-#  ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
-#  LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
-#  CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
-#  SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
-#  INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
-#  CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
-#  ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
-#  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-#
-#    Description:
-#      This file installs all needed dependencies and toolchains needed for
-#      ot-rfsim compilation and programming.
-#
-
-set -euxo pipefail
-
-install_packages_apt()
-{
-    echo 'Installing toolchain dependencies...'
-
-    # apt-get update and install dependencies
-    apt-get update
-    apt-get --no-install-recommends install -y g++ lsb-release cmake ninja-build shellcheck
-}
-
-install_packages_opkg()
-{
-    echo 'opkg not supported currently' && false
-}
-
-install_packages_rpm()
-{
-    echo 'rpm not supported currently' && false
-}
-
-install_packages_brew()
-{
-    echo 'Installing toolchain dependencies...'
-
-    # add build tools
-    brew install cmake ninja shfmt shellcheck
-
-    # check for gcc for simulation
-    if ! command -v gcc; then
-        echo 'warning: clang/gcc needed for simulation'
-        echo 'warning: please install Command Line Tools from https://developer.apple.com/download/more/'
-    fi
-}
-
-install_packages_source()
-{
-    echo 'source not supported currently' && false
-}
-
-install_packages()
-{
-    PM=source
-    if command -v apt-get; then
-        PM=apt
-    elif command -v rpm; then
-        PM=rpm
-    elif command -v opkg; then
-        PM=opkg
-    elif command -v brew; then
-        PM=brew
-    fi
-    install_packages_$PM
-}
-
-main()
-{
-    if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
-        echo "Please run as root user, e.g. 'sudo ./script/bootstrap'." && false
-    fi
-    install_packages
-    echo 'bootstrap for ot-rfsim completed successfully.'
-}
-
-main