01Matrix.java

// Given a matrix consists of 0 and 1, find the distance of the nearest 0 for each cell.

// The distance between two adjacent cells is 1.

//run BFS on the grid
//TC: O(n)
//SC: O(n)

class Solution {
    public int[][] updateMatrix(int[][] matrix) {
    int m = matrix.length;
        int n = matrix[0].length;
        
        Queue<int[]> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                if (matrix[i][j] == 0) {
                    queue.offer(new int[] {i, j});
                }
                else {
                    matrix[i][j] = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                }
            }
        }
        
        int[][] dirs = {{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}};
        
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            int[] cell = queue.poll();
            for (int[] d : dirs) {
                int r = cell[0] + d[0];
                int c = cell[1] + d[1];
                if (r < 0 || r >= m || c < 0 || c >= n || 
                    matrix[r][c] <= matrix[cell[0]][cell[1]] + 1) continue;
                queue.add(new int[] {r, c});
                matrix[r][c] = matrix[cell[0]][cell[1]] + 1;
            }
        }
        
        return matrix;
    }
}