Archive for 三月, 2011

In China, microblogging sites become free-speech platform

http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/in-china-microblogging-sites-become-free-speech-platform/2011/03/22/AFcsxlkB_story.html

In China, microblogging sites become free-speech platform

Nelson Ching / BLOOMBERG – Sina Weibo is China’s third-most visited Internet portal.

By Keith B. Richburg, Sunday, March 27, 10:40 PM

BEIJING — In a country where most media are controlled by the state, information is heavily censored and free-flowing opinions are sharply constricted, Chinese have turned to a new platform to openly exchange unfettered news and views: microblogs, similar to Twitter.

Microblogs — called “weibo” — seem to be one step ahead of China’s notoriously efficient censors, with a dozen microblogging sites, more than 120 million users and a million posts every hour. Web sites such as Facebook and YouTube are blocked in China. Sensitive broadcasts on BBC and CNN are blacked out. Even text messages with words such as “jasmine” and “revolution” may be bounced back as undeliverable.

But weibo users are regularly engaged in a virtual debating free-for-all, touching on some of the most off-limits or politically touchy topics.

There are microblog comments on the uprisings in the Middle East — including questions on whether the popular unrest might spread to China. There is talk of political reform, including users posting and re-posting remarks by Premier Wen Jiabao calling for more openness. Even discussion of Tibet and the Dalai Lama are allowed.

Still, posts involving the jailed dissident and Nobel Peace Prize winner Liu Xiaobo or the outlawed Falun Gong spiritual movement may be deleted or blocked from re-posting. “Weibo has become the public hall for people to discuss public affairs and formulate opinions,” said Hu Yong, associate professor of journalism at Peking University. “Weibo has become the most prominent place for free speech in China.”

In democratic countries, “people have various channels to express their opinions, like through the media, the judicial system, in general elections and even through the petition process,” Hu said. “But in China, since all the other channels of free expression are blocked, the opinion function of weibo has become more important and prominent.”

It isn’t that the authorities have suddenly discovered a new tolerance for free speech, Hu said. The weibo-using community is growing so fast, the 140-character posts go out so quickly and the technology is so new that they have been unable to keep up.

The government, meanwhile, is trying to stay ahead of the trend. Local Communist Party bosses, propaganda department officials, municipal police departments and the provincial party chief in Xinjiang have recently launched microblogs.

Chen Tong, executive vice president and editor in chief of Sina.com, China’s largest information Web site running the country’s most widely used weibo, said he persuaded 100 members of China’s parliament to open microblogging accounts during their annual March meeting in Beijing.

Still, the number of government officials with weibo accounts remains low. Singers, entertainers and athletes are the most popular microbloggers, attracting as many as 10 million fan-followers each.

With Twitter blocked in China, several imitators sprang up. But microblogging exploded here only in 2010, experts said.

The power of microblogging was dramatically illustrated last month by Peng Gaofeng, whose 3-year-old son was abducted in March 2008 in Shenzhen. Peng, 32, spent three years searching for the boy and was told by police to give up. But after a friend posted the boy’s picture on his microblog, Peng got a tip on Feb. 1 from Jiangsu province about a boy there who resembled his son. Soon, the father and son were reunited.

About the same time, sociologist Yu Jianrong started a microblog called “Taking snapshots to rescue child beggars.” Yu asked followers to photograph beggars and post them to the account. By late February, his campaign had attracted 240,000 followers.

Police have solved some cases with the help of microblogs, and citizens have exposed instances of official corruption or foul play. Weibo has also been used to mobilize Chinese to donate money to people in need.

“In civil society, in community involvement, weibo is playing a role like no other organization can play,” said Xu Xiaoping, a businessman and avid microblogger with 1.5 million followers. “Weibo gives people power.”

China’s creative entrepreneurs have also been busy. Around Valentine’s Day, bloggers — inspired by the campaign to rescue beggars — started a site to help singles find mates. They called their microblog “Taking snapshots to rescue bachelors and spinsters.”

But weibo’s power in shaping public opinion and its potential for social organizing have attracted the most attention. “Weibo is not only the place for people to express themselves, but also the place where people organize together,” Hu said.

Xie Gengyun, a professor at Shanghai Jiaotong University, recently completed a report on microblogging and said weibo is the most popular choice for trustworthy information, ahead of newspapers, online forums and blogs.

“Weibo is changing the structure of the public opinions in China,” Xie said. “In the past, the public agenda or hot topics were decided by the elite and by the journalists. The public cared about what they cared about. But right now, the situation is changing. Weibo has conquered the dominant position in shaping public opinion.”

richburgk@washpost.com

Researcher Zhang Jie contributed to this report.

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Can we tolerate Baidu’s “evil” stand on IP rights?

http://cmp.hku.hk/2011/03/25/11140/

Can we tolerate Baidu’s “evil” stand on IP rights?

By Hu Yong | Posted on 2011-03-25

In 2009, the Google Books Project was collectively condemned by Chinese writers for the unauthorized scanning of Chinese works. Representing the “victimized” writers, the China Written Works Copyright Society held three separate discussions with Google. Google issued a formal apology and proposed a mediation scheme in which it would pay 60 dollars per work, and provide writers with 63 percent of revenues from online readings of the works.

This whole affair prompted an uproar in Chinese literary circles. Many pointed fingers at Google’s “Don’t be evil” policy, asking whether breaching copyright was good or evil. But at the time, no one applied the same logic or gave any thought to the greater evil at work behind this question. That’s right. I’m talking of course about China’s leading search engine, which vanquished Google on the domestic market. I’m talking about Baidu.

On World Consumer Right Day earlier this month, March 15, Baidu’s “evil” finally detonated among copyright holders in China. The China Recording Industry Committee of the China Audio-Video Association and a group of prominent artists independently issued two letter lodging their protests — “Open Letter of Opposition to Baidu” (抗议百度公开信) and “March 15 Letter by Chinese Writers Opposing Baidu” (三一五中国作家讨百度书).

Both documents pointed fingers at Baidu Books, the search engine’s library service, accusing it of violating the rights of musicians and writers. The “March 15 Letter by Chinese Writers,” written by the hand of author Murong Xuecun (慕容雪村), said: “They [Baidu] have stolen our works away. They have stolen our rights away. They have stolen our property. Baidu Books has become a market for stolen goods.”

What is Baidu Books? According to its official introduction, it is a platform built and operated by Baidu.com Inc, allowing web users to browse and download documents and other materials from a variety of sources. By uploading files, you can accumulate points that you can then apply for the downloading of materials you need yourself. Owing to this feature, Baidu Books has developed rapidly, and there are now close to 200 million different books and other materials available. A great many of these are materials whose distribution through the platform is not authorized by authors or publishing houses.

The China Written Works Copyright Society now recognizes that Baidu’s evil surpasses that of Google by a factor of one-hundred. “After rights violations by Google Books occurred, they might at least have come out with a proposal to resolve the issue, actively negotiating with Chinese copyright holders, but Baidu’s attitude throughout has been cold and indifferent. Baidu has seized on the weakness that while China’s copyright laws are in place, they are imperfect and incomplete. They are playing a game of words, but have a weak sense of social responsibility. They have also seized on this psychology among Chinese web users that it’s great for everything to be free.”

Since last year, there have been many rights actions taken against Baidu Books. But Baidu has invariably applied the “haven principle” in cases of copyright, saying it has no obligation to examine materials uploaded by web users and has no responsibility for rights violations that might occur. The origin of the online “haven principle” lies with the Information Network Transmission Right Protection Ordinance (信息网络传播权保护条例), which took effect on July 1, 2006, and stipulates that when database and search engine providers receive notification of violations by right holders they can avoid the legal obligation of compensating the rights holder simply by disconnecting the online link.

This is clearly a deliberate shifting of responsibility on Baidu’s part. When web users upload mass amounts of materials, can Baidu really claim this is not a situation in which it is “fully aware or should be aware” that copyright violations are happening? Copyright lawyer You Yunting (游云庭) has said, “Baidu Books and Baidu MP3 have both established clear categories or lists for copyrighted materials, which demonstrates that Baidu is cognizant of its violations. Moreover, Baidu is profiting by advertising sold into pages where copyrighted materials are being provided, so this isn’t just about gratuitously providing information.”

Article 36 of China’s Tort Liability Law (侵权责任法) stipulates very clearly that: “Where a network service provider knows that a network user is infringing upon a civil right or interest of another person through its network services, and fails to take necessary measures, it shall be jointly and severally liable for any additional harm with the network user.”

China’s internet industry is guilty of original sin when it comes to copyright violations, and this extends to major web portals like Sina in their development phase as well as to the damages incurred more recently by the music industry as a result of Baidu MP3. Even while web portals in China are becoming more conscious and attuned to copyright issues, Baidu has ultimately resisted dealing with copyright violations through its MP3 search service, even in the face of repeated legal action. Progressively, Baidu has extended this sort of piracy to other sectors, such as books and online literature.

Use the Google search engine to search “Baidu” and “right violations” in Chinese (百度+侵权) and you are returned more than 10 million search results. Of course, one important reason why Baidu has acted so recklessly in its copyright violations is that a massive population has already emerged in China that has accepted and approved of the idea that content should be free. One factor is rooted in a very factual problem, which is that right holders who have seen their rights violated find it difficult to unite in action against these violations. If they are unable to engage in collective bargaining, then the likelihood of victory against Baidu is small.

Baidu’s arrogance is a direct result of its majority control of the industry. At the same time, the government has been remiss in its supervision. Finally, our society as a whole has failed to respect the work that goes into intellectual property, and has failed to respect the value of the creative act. This has helped to fan the fires of copyright violation online.

Copyright violation is a long-standing problem, not limited to the internet. The internet has only made piracy more convenient and cost-effective.

Voices within the industry have finally begun airing their views on Baidu’s monopolization of the industry and copyright violation practices. Li Guoqing (李国庆), the CEO of online retailer Dangdang, announced recently that the site would pull millions of dollars in advertising on Baidu beginning April 1 this year. Baidu is drawing criticism internationally as well. The Japan Book Publisher’s Association has voiced its displeasure with copyright violations, and the U.S. Trade Representatives Office put Baidu on its list of international services that aid piracy.

Addressing this problem at its source, however, will require the awakening of Chinese users to the problem of copyright violation. Chinese internet users have to understand that the failure to protect rights of any kind is a net loss for Chinese society.

A version of this editorial appeared in Chinese at Southern Metropolis Daily.

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Beijing denies blocking Gmail services

http://www.todayonline.com/World/EDC110323-0000713/Beijing-denies-blocking-Gmail-services

Beijing denies blocking Gmail services

04:46 AM Mar 23, 2011

BEIJING – China yesterday rejected accusations it was blocking access to Google’s e-mail (Gmail) services in the country amid an intensified Internet crackdown prompted by fears that unrest in the Middle East could spread.

“We do not accept such accusations,” Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu told reporters when asked about a statement by Google issued on Sunday. She referred questions on technical matters to the Cabinet’s information office.

Some Google users in China have reported experiencing difficulties accessing their e-mail service in recent weeks, and the company said in a brief statement that its engineers had determined there were no technical problems with the e-mail service or its main website.

China has strict controls over the Internet and blocks many international social media sites, including YouTube, Facebook and Twitter. The controls have intensified since the pro-democracy protests erupted across the Middle East in January.

Around that time, anonymous calls for protesters to gather for a “Jasmine Revolution” in China triggered a crackdown by the Chinese authorities, who stepped up Web censorship and deployed huge numbers of police to planned protest sites.

Google officials said the recent blocking in China, the world’s most populous Internet market, appears to be more sophisticated than other problems experienced by users in the past because the disruption is not a complete block.

Anecdotal evidence suggests that the government’s computers, which intercept incoming data and compare it with an ever-changing list of banned keywords or websites, are shutting out more information.

Sometimes, terms or websites are suddenly or sporadically blocked for reasons no ordinary user can fathom. One Beijing technology consultant, who asked not to be identified for fear of retribution against his company, said that, for several days last week, he could not visit the website for the Hong Kong Stock Exchange without a proxy.

LinkedIn, a networking-platform, was blocked for a day during the height of government concerns over Internet-based calls for protests in Chinese cities a few weeks ago, he said.

Mr Hu Yong, a media professor at Peking University, said government censors were constantly spotting and reacting to new perceived threats.

“The technology is improving and the range of sensitive terms is expanding because the depth and breadth of things they must manage just keeps on growing,” Mr Hu said.

AP, The New York Times

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在Twitter的世界里你我都可挑战CCTV

http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,14935524,00.html?maca=chi-rss-chi-all-1127-rdf

在Twitter的世界里你我都可挑战CCTV

新闻报道 | 2011.03.22

3月21日微博Twitter迎来了其5岁生日。5年间Twitter已经变成网民谈论从美味午餐到公民革命的强大的互联网平台。对中国的Twitter用户来说,Twitter更是发挥了社会运动工具的作用。

全球第一条Twitter消息诞生于2006年3月21日。Twitter创始人杰克·多西(Jack Dorsey)当时正在播客公司Odeo工作,他的梦想是开发一个能够让人们共享实时个人信息的系统。为了便于手机用户使用,一条信息的长度仅限140个字符。

从技术交流平台到社会运动工具

在 Twitter诞生之初就已经有一些中国用户参与其中。和西方一样,这些最早的用户群体以技术人员为主,他们通过Twitter交换新工具新技术的使用心得。但到了2008年,由于那一年在中国发生了西藏事件、汶川地震等一系列受到社会关注的重大事件,中国大量普通用户也开始纷纷涌入Twitter世界,将Twitter看作是信息交换的首选。

进入到2009年之后,中国政府开始决定屏蔽Twitter在中国的使用。关注互联网技术发展的“中文网志年会”组织者之一毛向辉说,因为中国官方发现,除了技术人员同时也有大量社会活动者开始使用Twitter平台,Twitter开始发挥社会运动工具的作用。“官方注意到,在Twitter上很多主要的社会活动者在Twitter上有自己的发言渠道,建立了自己的声誉和影响力。艾未未、滕彪等人的一句发言可能会影响到很多人。冯正虎的一个消息可能就能让国际媒体报道好几天。这些让官方把Twitter看成是非常反叛性的工具,所以也加强对Twitter用户的监控,因为官方对Twitter产生的社会动员的作用产生了很大的恐惧感。”

而事实上,Twitter诞生之初只是作为社交工具出现并被使用的。但是一种新技术的使用往往不见得像发明者预想的那样。用户本身对新技术的走向往往有很大 的决定权。Twitter在很多地方除了社交功能,同时还具备媒体功能以及人们进行表达自我、开展社会组织和社会运动的功能。

北京大学新闻与传播学院教授胡泳说,Twitter之所以被互联网用户所喜爱,从技术发明的角度来讲是因为Twitter满足了人们两个最根本的需求:表达自我和关注他人。“也就是说,Twitter最基本的两个功能就是关注与被关注。在这样的基本功能下,人们普遍有向世界表达自己的想法同时又非常关注和自己有类似想法的人的愿望,或者人们有兴趣了解和自己相差较远的群体他们在想什么。另外还有一些人想知道更大的社会当中人们在想什么。Twitter本身非常好地满足了这两点需求。”

从大众入口变成个人入口

理论上让每个人都可能成为信息发布者的Twitter,让人们获取信息的入口同样发生了巨大的变化。以前日常人们获取信息都是在报纸、广播电视等大众传播的模式下进行的。而现在获取信息的入口从大众的入口变成个人的入口。胡泳说:“通过SNS或者Twitter这些个人化的工具获得信息。信息的很多来源不一定是媒体,而是亲近的朋友,或者被关注的意见领袖。这对我们的信息获取习惯有个巨大的推动。以前要想知道外部世界的任何信息尤其是突发事件的信息都需要寻找大众媒体。但是现在会通过Twitter这种个人性比较强的媒体获得信息。”

在中国受到严格控制的互联网环境之下,Twitter也更是成为获得官方信息之外的重要信息源。一些不被官方媒体关注或者被官方媒体屏蔽的消息在Twitter上会被用户群体共同放大。

不过,不可否认的是,当大众入口变成个人入口之后媒体的供应也随之变成无限。在这种情况下出现信息混杂的现象也是必然的。“未来人们在获得充分的媒体表达的空间之后,可能还是有需求如何把碎片化的信息通过一定的方式方法变得有序起来。这一需求在下一阶段会变得比较大。因此还会看到有新的工具出现。”

作者:洪沙

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China Tightens Censorship of Electronic Communications

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/22/world/asia/22china.html

China Tightens Censorship of Electronic Communications

By SHARON LaFRANIERE and DAVID BARBOZA
Published: March 21, 2011

BEIJING — If anyone wonders whether the Chinese government has tightened its grip on electronic communications since protests began engulfing the Arab world, Shakespeare may prove instructive.

A Beijing entrepreneur, discussing restaurant choices with his fiancée over their cellphones last week, quoted Queen Gertrude’s response to Hamlet: “The lady doth protest too much, methinks.” The second time he said the word “protest,” her phone cut off.

He spoke English, but another caller, repeating the same phrase on Monday in Chinese over a different phone, was also cut off in midsentence.

A host of evidence over the past several weeks shows that Chinese authorities are more determined than ever to police cellphone calls, electronic messages, e-mail and access to the Internet in order to smother any hint of antigovernment sentiment. In the cat-and-mouse game that characterizes electronic communications here, analysts suggest that the cat is getting bigger, especially since revolts began to ricochet through the Middle East and North Africa, and homegrown efforts to organize protests in China began to circulate on the Internet about a month ago.

“The hard-liners have won the field, and now we are seeing exactly how they want to run the place,” said Russell Leigh Moses, a Beijing analyst of China’s leadership. “I think the gloves are coming off.”

On Sunday, Google accused the Chinese government of disrupting its Gmail service in the country and making it appear as if technical problems at Google — not government intervention — were to blame.

Several popular virtual private-network services, or V.P.N.’s, designed to evade the government’s computerized censors, have been crippled. This has prompted an outcry from users as young as ninth graders with school research projects and sent them on a frustrating search for replacements that can pierce the so-called Great Firewall, a menu of direct censorship and “opinion guidance” that restricts what Internet users can read or write online. V.P.N.’s are popular with China’s huge expatriate community and Chinese entrepreneurs, researchers and scholars who expect to use the Internet freely.

In an apology to customers in China for interrupted service, WiTopia, a V.P.N. provider, cited “increased blocking attempts.” No perpetrator was identified.

Beyond these problems, anecdotal evidence suggests that the government’s computers, which intercept incoming data and compare it with an ever-changing list of banned keywords or Web sites, are shutting out more information. The motive is often obvious: For six months or more, the censors have prevented Google searches of the English word “freedom.”

But other terms or Web sites are suddenly or sporadically blocked for reasons no ordinary user can fathom. One Beijing technology consultant, who asked not to be identified for fear of retribution against his company, said that for several days last week he could not visit the Web site for the Hong Kong Stock Exchange without a proxy. LinkedIn, a networking platform, was blocked for a day during the height of government concerns over Internet-based calls for protests in Chinese cities a few weeks ago, he said.

Hu Yong, a media professor at Peking University, said government censors were constantly spotting and reacting to new perceived threats. “The technology is improving and the range of sensitive terms is expanding because the depth and breadth of things they must manage just keeps on growing,” Mr. Hu said.

China’s censorship machine has been operating ever more efficiently since mid-2008, and restrictions once viewed as temporary — like bans on Facebook, YouTube and Twitter — are now considered permanent. Government-friendly alternatives have sprung and developed a following.

Few analysts believe that the government will loosen controls any time soon, with events it considers politically sensitive swamping the calendar, including a turnover in the Communist Party’s top leadership next year.

“It has been double the guard, and double the guard, and you never hear proclamations about things being relaxed,” said Duncan Clark, chairman of BDA China, an investment and strategy consultancy based in Beijing, and a 17-year resident of China. “We have never seen this level of control in the time I have been here, and I have been here since the beginning of the Internet.”

How far China will clamp down on electronic communications is unclear. “There’s a lot more they can do, but they’ve been holding back,” said Bill Bishop, a Internet expert based in Beijing. Some analysts suggest that officials are exploring just how much inconvenience the Chinese are willing to tolerate. While sentiment is hard to gauge, a certain segment of society rejects censorship.

For many users, an inoperable V.P.N. is an inconvenience, not a crisis. But Internet consultants said interfering with an e-mail service on which people depend every day is more serious. “How people respond is going to be more intense, more visceral,” one consultant said.

Google began receiving complaints from Gmail users and its own employees in China about a month ago, around the time anonymous Internet posts urged people unhappy with the government to gather every Sunday. Some Gmail users found their service disconnected when they tried to send or save messages.

Engineers determined that there were no technical difficulties on Google’s end, Google said; rather, the hand of the Chinese government was at work. China’s Foreign Ministry did not respond Monday to calls or faxed questions about Google’s statement.

Disrupting Web sites and Internet connections is a standard tactic in dealing with companies that fall out of government favor. Mark Seiden, an Internet consultant, said Chinese officials typically left the companies and users to guess the reason.

In the Google case, an article on the Web site of People’s Daily, the Communist Party’s official publication, offered a strong hint. The March 4 article, attributed to a netizen, called Google a tool of the United States government. Like Facebook and Twitter, the article said, Google has “played a role in manufacturing social disorder” and sought to involve itself in other nations’ politics.

China has treated Google as a threat for some time. Last year, Google closed its search service and redirected Chinese users to Google’s Hong Kong site after the company said China was behind a cyberattack aimed partly at Gmail accounts.

But Mr. Moses, the Beijing analyst, said the latest clampdown on electronic communications went further. “The model for this government is that every day is a new challenge and a new opportunity to show the strength of the state here,” he said. “There is clear confidence in the capability of the political authorities to maintain order.”

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Microblogs in China government’s fight to win public approval

http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/09/us-china-internet-idUSTRE7282KL20110309
Microblogs in China government’s fight to win public approval
Wed, Mar 9 2011
By Sui-Lee Wee

BEIJING (Reuters) – China’s wary government is a world champion in internet censorship, but Communist Party leaders now want to master the trickier feat of actively shaping online opinion.
The results so far don’t match the zap and crackle of China’s young, who have embraced microblogs as their latest tool for spreading information and opinions that can make Party officials see red. But there’s no mistaking the Party’s determination to reach China’s 450 million Internet users.
President Hu Jintao recently called the “virtual world” his next battleground, and the nation’s Party-run parliament, now in session, has brought talk about how to win over or control the country’s microbloggers.
Hu recently called for fresh ways to “guide online public opinion,” amid online calls for Chinese people to emulate the “Jasmine Revolution” sweeping the Middle East.
“This is all part of the longer trend in more interactive governance,” said David Bandurski, a researcher at the China Media Project at the University of Hong Kong.
“To what degree this is genuine and impacts citizens positively, that’s an open debate.”
For now, Chinese officials’ efforts to connect online appear to be more patronizing and fusty than feisty.
“Recently, a woman from a minority ethnic group wrote to me, saying ‘over the past year, we local residents have gradually felt the warmth of unity and love’,” wrote the party chief of Xinjiang, Zhang Chunxian, on his first microblog message on QQ, a Chinese social networking website, last Wednesday.
Zhang — the highest known Party official to join microblogging according to Xinhua news agency — became party chief of China’s far-western region of Xinjiang last April, about nine months after bloody ethnic riots in the province prompted authorities to shut down cellphone and Internet services.
Zhang, who has gained more than 148,000 followers on his microblog, said it can “be used to promote the government’s efforts in Xinjiang’s development,” he told the state-owned China Daily.
It is not easy to gauge how effective the government’s online propaganda strategy is because dissenting comments are usually quickly censored. However, one user, called Yangyang, shot back at the effusive Xinjiang party chief: “I don’t think everything is as rosy.”
Many of the nearly 3,000 legislative delegates meeting in the cavernous Great Hall of the People have posted messages on their microblogs praising Wen’s annual State of the Union-style report.
“The prime minister reported that under the 11th Five-Year Plan, the country has undergone historic changes, people’s living standards have improved significantly, the country’s international status and influence have also improved,” wrote ANTA Sports Products chairman Ding Shizhong, a delegate.
“For the next five years, people will definitely live happier and more dignified lives!”

MORE SUPPLE PROPAGANDA
The Chinese government allows censored Twitter-like microblogging services — known as Weibo — on domestic websites run by companies such as Sina, Sohu and Tencent.
More than 3,000 government organizations in China use Sina’s microblogs, according to Sina spokesman Liu Qi. Experts say these numbers are expected to rise.
“The government, in many places, has not won the confidence of the public,” said Hu Yong, a professor of Internet studies at Peking University. “In many instances, their image has a problem. So perhaps by using the Internet, the government believes it can change these things.”
The move into microblogs suggests that the government sees the need for a more supple form of propaganda in the age of social media, said Bandurski.
“The microblogs are a way to reach out and on one hand appear to be open and flexible and add a degree of openness and credibility,” he said.
Most Chinese critics of the government use virtual private networks to circumvent the Great Firewall to access Facebook and Twitter, both of which are blocked in China, which fears that they could allow the government’s critics to organize.
A government that censors so readily could have a hard time selling its message.
“I think their noise is already too much,” said Mao Yushi, one of China’s most prominent economists and a critic of one-party control.
“Even without Weibo, the radio stations and People’s Daily are still talking every day,” said Mao, 82, who started using a microblog three months ago.
“What we need are different voices.”
(Additional reporting by Sabrina Mao, Huang Yan and Max Duncan; Editing by Chris Buckley, Don Durfee and Nick Macfie)

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The missing link

贺卫方:大规模断网法律程序有问题;断网不是从新疆开始的,是从西藏开始的。不要形成一种惯例性的做法。不要一有风吹草动就把相关区域的网络给断掉。

做这些事情的时候,你是一个共和国,是一个民主国家,你不可以完全视人民的权利为无物,愿意怎么剥夺就怎么剥夺。

http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/6804414.html

10:57, November 05, 2009

The missing link

People’s Daily Online

Four months have passed since the bloody riots in Urumqi that killed almost 200 people and life has been slowly returning to normal.

But residents say their lives will continue to be affected until full Internet service is restored to the city.

The central government blocked access to the Web in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region just 24 hours after the July 5 riot because it was a vital tool used by ringleaders.

Initial investigations suggested separatist groups based overseas used social networking and blogging sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Tencent QQ, and MSN to contact rioters and orchestrate the violence, which left 197 dead and more than 1,700 injured.

As yet, there has been no official announcement on when communications will be fully restored, and locals have complained the lockdown is disrupting harmless Web activities, such as e-commerce and online shopping.

The region’s telecommunications administration has appealed for understanding.

“To carry on my business, I had no choice but to set up a new office in Dunhuang, which is the closest town to Urumqi in Gansu province and has added to my costs. No Internet means no income for me,” said Li Nan, who sells dried fruit online. “Dunhuang has become a holy place for businessmen like me, although it takes 14 hours to get here from Urumqi by train.”

Online enterprises have been among the hardest hit since authorities cut access to the Internet in most of the Xinjiang region, including the capital Urumqi. But families have also been affected.

A mother, who declined to give her name, said her daughter is studying at a university in Australia but had to travel to Dunhuang to submit an assignment when she came home for a holiday in August. She said she could not even talk to her daughter on the phone as the international phone service was also suspended following the riot.

“I can’t wait for the Internet to return so my daughter and I can chat again on MSN. At the moment, I have to ask her to call one of my friends in Beijing, then my friend calls me and tells me about their conversation. I miss the sound of my daughter’s voice,” said the mother.

With the armed police withdrawing from the streets of Urumqi, and shops and restaurants once again bustling with customers, residents say the city is already on the road to recovery. The lifting of the Web ban would be one of the final ingredients.

“Xinjiang needs the Internet. The region is already less developed (than other parts of the country) and cutting off the Net only make things worse. Imagine how many businesses could be lost because of the ban,” said Jurat Hamiti, a 30-year-old businessman. “The region’s economic development is just as important as stopping terrorists.”

Rumors have circulated constantly as to when the service would be fully restored, with some predicting a return after the National Day holidays last month, others Nov 1. So far there has been no official word.

But while there is desperation in some quarters, many residents argue that the ban has actually helped the city.

A salesman surnamed He for machinery manufacturers Caterpillar told China Daily he is glad the Internet is blocked because he doesn’t need to respond to business e-mails outside office hours any more, allowing him to spend more time with his family.

“We now communicate to our clients and business partners via fax at work. To our surprise, sales have actually picked up. I found there is so much more to life besides sitting by my laptop surfing,” he said.

He Jing, who teaches English at the Xinjiang University in Urumqi, added: “My students study harder without the Internet. Some used to cheat by copying material straight from the Web for their assignments. Now they have to do everything on their own.

“However, we do miss being able to search the Internet for teaching materials.”

A limited service was restored in August and residents can freely access more than 100 region-based Web portals, ranging from banks and local government departments to entertainment and online games. Isolating Xinjiang’s communication lines has effectively made it one large intranet, which has boosted traffic to local web sites.

“We send staff to the news center set up by the regional government – the only public Internet access point in Urumqi – to get the latest news from Chinese Web portals and then upload onto our site, so our users learn what’s going on outside Xinjiang,” said Zhang Guojun, vice-president of news portal iyaxin.com.

He said a record 6 million people visited his website on Oct 1 to watch the National Day parade in Tian’anmen Square, Beijing. “We’d never dreamed of getting so many hits,” he added.

Avid online shopper Li Wan, 26, said: “At first I felt hopeless without the Net, but now I have found I can get most of the information I need through local Xinjiang websites. I still can’t wait for it to be reconnected, however, so I can start shopping on (auction site) Taobao again.”

Only “privileged” people such as journalists and government officials are allowed to access the Web using one of the 24 laptop connections provided at the official news center set up at the Hoitak Hotel. Guests are logged and timed, while the information they send and receive is monitored.

The decision to pull the plug on the Internet in Xinjiang has been a controversial move, despite the action being intended to prevent a repeat of the riot.

“The riot would not have happened without the Internet,” said David Gosset, a French expert in international relations and founder of the Euro-China Forum, who has visited Xinjiang eight times.

“The Chinese government has its reasons. Under extreme circumstances, such as after the Urumqi riot, the move is understandable.”

However, Yu Xiaofeng, director of non-traditional security and peaceful development studies at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, disagrees and said blocking information should never be the first resort to combat terrorism.

“Cutting off communication should not be the first choice in an open society. The government should allow official and unofficial sources so the public can seek truth through knowledge,” he said.

Hu Yong, a professor in new media at Peking University’s school of journalism and communication, added: “The authorities probably think they are justified in cutting off the Internet on national security grounds because they openly admitted it at the start.”

Following the riot, legislation was passed in Xinjiang outlawing the incitement of ethnic separatism using the Internet.

Any activities that compromise national security, damage national or social interests, undermine ethnic unity, instigate ethnic secession or harm social stability will be severely punished, according to new regulations.

Rebiya Kadeer, head of the World Uygur Congress, was accused of masterminding the July 5 riot by Chinese officials and the local government officials say the Internet was a vital tool in the organizing stages.

“The rapid development of the Internet and loopholes in social management are posing unprecedented challenges to maintaining social stability,” said Meng Jianzhu, minister of public security.

Despite the Web lockdown, a series of syringe attacks in August were categorized as “organized terror attacks” by Xinjiang officials and caused widespread fear in the region. Urumqi residents took to the streets to protest the attacks on Sept 3.

Authorities confirmed 531 people were stabbed by hypodermic needles. Two top city officials were later sacked for mishandling the incidents.

Source:chinadaily.com.cn

http://www.zhangjianjun.info/2011/02/298%E5%A4%A9%E3%80%8151775%E8%B4%B4%EF%BC%9A%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%BD%91%E6%B0%912009%E8%87%B32010%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E8%AE%B0%E5%BF%86%E7%A2%8E%E7%89%87/

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记录教学和思考的平台 zhangjianjun.info

298天、51775贴:新疆网民2009至2010局域网生活记忆碎片

1.2009年7月,七五事件之后,新疆陆续中断了与外界的互联网和国际长途联络,手机短信、彩信、WAP全部失灵。(不知穆巴拉克关闭埃及互联网是否受此启发)。新疆网民只可以访问新疆境内的少数几个网站,亚心网、天山网等,回到了网络原始社会——局域网。据网友信息,至今,疆内彩信和短信平台仍然未复活。

2.我找到07新闻的陈静、李静希望她们毕业论文写新疆断网事件以后网民的生活。她俩家都是乌鲁木齐的。

3.这个研究从2009年3月份开始一直到12月,采用了深度访谈,访了23个断网前后都在新疆的网民,做了22份录像,只有北大的贺卫方老师是电话访谈。问卷调查,收回四百多份问卷。网上主要是在百度贴吧、QQ空间、淘宝网店、豆瓣小组等地找新疆网友,网上问卷在这里。线下发了一半的问卷。

4.研究中,我们找到了被新疆网友称为第一神帖的帖子。这条帖子并不是出现在亚信网论坛里,而是该网评论频道,一个名为“忽然发现没有网络也可以过的很好”的评论引发的留言。一篇评论能够引发如此巨大的互动留言,在我个人的视野范围内,中国互联网史上没有第二个。

从断网开始到现在这个帖子跟帖不断,尽管帖子屡屡被删,显示出的信息和删除的信息几乎接近。共发了5万多条评论,显示2万多条。数字的对比也说明一些问题。

留言讨论的主要线索是“断网与开网”,以及围绕断网所引发的一些列故事。我花了近两天时间断断续续看这两万多条留言,仿佛聆听来自遥远西域的凄苦诉说。

一位名为“YUYIHEQW”网友的故事,让我唏嘘不已。09年10月15日凌晨两点她跟帖说:不知道怎么说我的感受,我7月5号的时候和男朋友吵架说气话让他去结婚。还说以后我们再也不要联系了。说我再也不会上网还会换了家里的电话。结果7月6号这些希望还都实现了,不但上不了网,国际长途也不通也打不出去。男朋友也在中秋节结婚了~~~~~我这辈子第一次这么心想事成。六年的感情就这样结束了”。

网络评论留言,可以做类似民族志研究。期间与哥伦比亚大学杨国斌老师和北大的胡泳老师均有过交流过。现在两位同学毕业论文已通过,成绩为优。我继续将这个研究深入,希望能有所得。

摘录了部分帖子内容如下。欢迎大家讨论。希望这个帖子不要被“蒸发”。

1. 网友:平民 ip:124.119.*.*

移动手机出疆可以上网,但不可以发短信。我8月在疆外待了1个月

2 网友:IT ip:222.82.*.*

IT在网络管制后收到了沉重的打击,许多商家已经开始另谋出路。本人涉足IT行业我并不知道其他网络相关行业收到了怎样的损失,网络管制后感觉力不从心, 生意一塌糊涂,叫天天不应,叫地地不灵。7.5后政府为了避免事态扩大而采取了必要的网络管制作为市民完全可以理解。事情以过去许久事态也的确平息,生活正在好转起来。街上的人群也开始多了,很多地州客户来公司之前都会打电话问:你们呢安全么?现在可以去乌鲁木齐吧?说实话这心里真的不是滋味,或许是信息闭塞缘故很多乌鲁木齐以外的人还以为乌鲁木齐很乱甚至不敢来!这样的环境纵使我有回天之力也无法挽回当前生意惨淡的局面。日前虚假信息与真实信息似乎明里暗里在争斗,于此希望政府能放开网络管制,让新疆人了解新疆让内地人了解新疆。我想网民的力量是不可低估的吧?网络中的恶人也只是极少一部分,终究邪不胜正。网名愿意维护国家统一,更愿意一起监督网络不良信息以及反动言论。政府与网名共同建立起来一张无形的法网,在这浩瀚的互联网内一切邪恶力量终究破灭。效果远大于目前这种信息管制的被动手段,同时也可以彻底的恢复新疆网络信息相关的行业的正常经营,更大程度的方面于民众,更广的宣传新疆目前良好局面。于此同时更多的人在网络中游戏、学习、谈心而逐渐的淡化7.5负面心理阴影。在当今高速信息年代断网对社会的发展影响相信政府更明白……..

3.  网友:心痛 ip:61.138.*.*

如果苍天再给我一次上网的机会,我会好好的把我的机会全把握住的!!!!!

4   网友:甜妞 ip:220.171.*.*

每天临睡前都用手机登陆一下QQ、百阅,希望奇迹发生,可是提示我的永远是网络连接超时。。呜呜。。。。。

5.网友 ip:222.82.*.*

先说个好玩的事情:昨天晚上我给朋友打电话说“15号真的会通的,报纸、网络、电视都报道了”,结果他高兴的一塌糊涂,然后我告诉他“暖气0点开始通”,他痛骂了我一顿。今天早上睡梦中接电话,朋友说网络通了赶紧上网,我高兴的一塌糊涂,结果上当了。。。。
不开心的事:为了话费的问题和老娘吵架了,其实每个人75之后心理或多或少都有焦虑的感觉,人是需要交流的,而当下与人现实中的“沟通成本过高”也是我们无奈的原因,互联网承载了太多的悲欢离合。。。唉。

6 网友:YUYIHEQW ip:120.69.*.*2009-10-15 02:32:39

不知道怎么说我的感受我7月5号的时候和男朋友吵架说气话让他去结婚。还说以后我们再也不要联系了。说我再也不会上网还会换了家里的电话。结果7月6号这些希望还都实现了,不但上不了网,国际长途也不通也打不出去。男朋友也在中秋节结婚了~~~~~我这辈子第一次这么心想事成。六年的感情就这样结束了

7   网友 ip:218.31.*.*

十一在柳园登陆了诛仙
遇见一个小MM
她老公是新疆的
已经3个多月没登陆了
她还在等

网友:亚心网网友 ip:218.31.*.*

断网3个多月了,你真的过的很自在吗?你是淘宝店主吗?你是魔兽等大型游戏的工会领导者吗?你是网络办公的一员吗?你是过的好啊~天天只是去打理下 你那一亩三分地。没网了,你不亏着什么。3个月了,连最基本的搜索引擎都没架设好。资源少的可怜。调制解调器依然能上外网。断网到底断了什么?淘宝的店主被迫去甘肃甚至内地上网。弄了几个网游来缓解网络游戏玩家的愤怒?

网友 ip:222.82.*.*

我也是,一直不想走,我大姨、舅舅什么的都在深圳,我妈半个月前也去了深圳。可我真的不想去内地,不想挪窝。一直都很喜欢新疆,以做为新疆人为荣,每每跟内地的朋友聊天说起新疆都是赞不绝口,忽悠的她们发誓说此生不来新疆誓不为人!

虽然新疆经济不怎么发达,可这里的一山一水看着都那么亲切,虽然有那么些不和谐不美好的人和事,可我都可以忽略不计,我只有一个要求,那就是internet!我愿意一辈子留在这里,最后再融入新疆的土壤。

坐吃山空也好,再出去找工作也好,这一切都是暂时的,不可能大家都离开新疆,有多少人舍得就此阔别。

10   网友 ip:220.171.*.*

万丈高楼平地起,民心似铁忧患始
桃李不言谣谇成,俯仰失踞逘之矣

11   网友 ip:222.82.*.*

那天过后的几天里,我一直都处于混沌中,乌鲁木齐长大的孩子对这样的事情似乎应该有些默然了,可是断网,停短信,让我和我正常的生活相隔万里,于是我回到了内地,可是乌鲁木齐是我的家,我不顾所有人的劝阻一个月后又回到了乌鲁木齐,接着是针扎,不知道是幸运还是不幸,回来的第二天,我就被扎了,看病报警,似乎我的生活只有一个内容,如何让自己在这个时间能够抚慰自己的情绪,佛经,道德经,我努力的让自己能够平静下来,网依旧不通,短信依旧不可以发,我的大部分亲人和朋友都在内地,已经开始在内地给我选房子了,而我依旧不想离开,不只是因为我爱这里,更因为,曾经有个朋友的一句话,留在新疆就是已经做出类贡献,我只想是想要我最最简单平静正常的生活,正常的生活一定要包括网络和短信。

12   网友:贺卫方 ip:220.171.*.*

由于石河子大学要举办一个研讨会,我马上要回新疆了。自七月六日凌晨直到现在,全疆的网络处于封锁状态已经有两个多月了。因此,回到新疆就意味着倒退到前网络时代。不能上网,博唠阁也就无法更新。另外,电子邮件也不通,手机短信也屏蔽,通信方式就只能依赖邮局或直接打电话了。

其他地方的人们很少有机会体会这种断网给正常生活带来的影响。E时代的写作,经常需要到网上查找某些资讯。你要发表作品,跟出版社、杂志社以及报社之间,也统统都要通过电子邮件相互联系。日常交往中对电子邮件以及手机短信的依赖就更不必说了。现在,所有这些都没有了。你可以想象人们是怎样的手足无措,怎样的百无聊赖。还有,平常火爆无比的网吧也都关门大吉,跟网络相关的各种产业也都受到冲击,炒股的人们无从正常交易……这样的损失不知道有多少。

作为一个支教教师,自己诚挚地希望新疆自治区党政决策部门能够慎重考虑一下这个问题。本来由于地处边陲,资讯不便,对于新建的经济、社会发展尤其是科学人文研究就带来了很大的制约,好不容易有了网络,地理距离带来的困难刚刚克服,动辄封网又让这里的人们陷入困境。这是极其不明智的。而且,有关官员一直强调 新疆的秩序已经恢复,但是,只要网络不通,人们总不免怀疑这样说法是否真实。可以说,在今天这样的网络时代,网络畅通是生活秩序正常化的一个最重要的标志。

我期待着上网的时刻早日到来。在开网之前,博唠阁不能更新,也请这里的网友们谅解。

13   网友:宅女~~ ip:218.84.*.*

我和老公都是家居形的.下班后老公喜欢看电视.我喜欢上网.日子过的很安逸.自从断网后.我要抓狂了.我和老公因为抢电视看经常吵架..我本人不是很喜欢看电视的.因为电视里.广告老插播电视剧.但是现在没网络真的很无聊啊.在说了现在天气这么冷.又是流感季节.不在家呆着.出门找感冒啊.今天郁闷死了.又因为抢看电视生气把遥控器摔了。。。.囧~~~~~~没网的日子很无奈..

14   网友 ip:124.119.*.*

我好想上网查查有生男孩的方法,准备要孩子,还想要个男孩,郁闷啊!

15   网友 ip:61.138.*.*

去疆外旅游,下飞机的第一件事情就是开手机,上QQ,上去了才知道外面的世界对我们有多不公平,因为所有人都以为我们现在可以上网,而且大的舆论导向也是我们现在没有受到信息管制,我们的生活已经全面恢复正常了,QQ没有收回,但是所有的费用照常收取,所有的论坛都被ID注销了,真的希望政府能快点打开网络,这样的生活太不方便了。

16   网友 ip:124.119.*.*

不知道楼主是基于什么立场发表这样一篇文章,八成是托!我只知道我身边的人都因为断网给自己的工作生活造成了极大地不便!不能玩网游不能聊天还在其 次,没有地方查资料才更要命!还有我这种靠网络商店生活的人,这几个月就是0收入!新疆本来就是欠发达地区,没有网络和外界沟通就更加闭塞了,现在已经开始后悔从内地回新疆了。。。

17  网友 ip:61.138.*.*

说句敏感点的,我们坚决支持祖国统一,所以请不要在互联网上把我们新疆分裂出去了!!!!

18 网友:嘻嘻嘻 ip:222.82.*.*

网不通我的作息时间好有规律,每天下班回家吃完饭就看电视,希望能从电视上得到点通网的消息,晚上十点多就睡了。自从7.5后我的体重增长了快十公斤,每月的话费都较以前增长了100多RMB。郁闷啊!!!!!

19   网友:跪求通网 ip:220.171.*.*

为什么每次都让我在这白练打字,我速度够快的啦,亲爱的版主?
没有网络的日子真的很枯燥,每个月除了电话费狂升,我光买时尚杂志一个月也要花几十,我们的心声到底该找谁哭诉?把网络净化系统做好了,还会怕有人在网上煽动吗?

20  网友:444444 ip:222.82.*.*

昨天晚上因为没有网,心情很是郁闷就没事找事的和我男朋友大吵一架,他说你去内地跟网在一起生活吧!我看网络对你比任何都重要,我说你才知道吗?我说可以,我准备后天就去内地跟网络生活,你再找个脑盲,这样你会放心点。他气的快吐血了,我却高兴的有点疯了。哈哈!!!!!!男朋友已经把我当成疯子 了。

21   网友 ip:222.82.*.*

央视新闻评论山东冠县封网吧事件是“因噎废食”…………

22   网友:等吖等 ip:218.31.*.*

9月27号11点左右的确开了十几分钟网的
淘宝 QQ什么的都可以打开了
我一个在电信网络维护部门的同学和我说的
当时他们整个办公室都沸腾了
激动地又吼又叫
结果还没吼完
又停了
6月底 我甘肃的同学来找我玩
我和她说
十一我休息 找你玩去
十一之前和她联系
说 你也不用带我去哪里逛
带我去个好点的网吧就可以了
其实 对于通网
已经很平静的接受这种我无力改变的事实了
唯一能做的 在贫瘠疆内网中开发乐趣
朋友打电话问我什么时候开
我说不知道
朋友回答我 没关系 我们等你
哎 心酸吖

23 网友 ip:218.84.*.*

呼吁相关信息监管部门特别是网络警察:
1.加强对7.5事件涉及的网站和论坛的管理,那几个主要的网站可以直接关闭。
2.大量增加懂小语种语言的网络警察,加强对非汉语网站的管理力度(小语种语言懂的人少,明显带有很强的隐蔽性,重点监管。
3.增加民族团结宣传力度,不只是简单的宣传而已,最简单的例子:组织全新疆的人员观看中央电视台的7.5事件报道。每个单位做到必须看,必须!!这就是该强制的时候,很多人其实还不是那么自觉地去解真相。
4.加强对手机短信,带有群聊功能的网络聊天工具的监管。
5.加强对论坛发帖的管理,确立相关责任制度,惩罚奖励制度。
6.对内地的网站,可以报国家加强对其民族关系言论和小语种语言交流的管理。
7.国际:时刻关注国际上那些分裂分子的言论,屏蔽国内对国外分裂网站,论坛的访问。

24 网友 ip:222.81.*.*

3个月前,我们每天在网上留言,每周通一次网络电话,从XX之后,1个月打一次电话,现在不知道为什么我们彻底没有联系了,除了思念还是思念,虽然有时差,哪怕在msn上留言的互动也让我们直切的感受到彼此没有距离。
我们热爱自己的祖国,希望社会和谐稳定,没有了稳定,爱情对我们都是隔海相望的奢求。
现在我只想知道,他最近好吗,上次通电话是8月,他说网络电话他打了80多次才打进来。。。。。。
如果说没有网络对我们意味什么,那就是让我坚定的指导我们彼此爱的更加坚定!

25 网友:转发 ip:120.71.*.*

转发一位有识之士的留言:社会稳定对发展的重要性,不只是政府知道,广大爱好和平的老百姓同政府一样都知道,而且有着刻骨铭心的体会.在这种心理基础之上,开通网络应是安全的.爱好稳定和平的人,又怎么会去发布一些不良信息言论,导致生活的不安定呢?要的是政府有关部门加强对信息源的监管,全国各大网站加强对不利于社会稳定的言论的屏蔽力度,查停非法网站,采取一切措施保持网络洁净.早日开通互联才是民心所向.
新疆需要在稳定中求发展,发展需求开放,而开放的一个重要标志就是能够实现信息与全国全世界的互通\互享.在这个信息化时代,长期的关闭网络,无疑是以牺牲经济社会发展和老百姓正常生活为代价的.
没有网络,几乎所有公司不得与外界实现信息上的畅通,一些公司尤其是网络公司因为停网而直接倒闭;公民没网络,不能及时接收来自国内外有用的新信息,从而导致观念上的落后.这一切一切有形无形的损失谁又去计算过?
开通网络,不仅是让我们这些生活在地球上的人知道自己还生活在地球上,也会是一次对民心的凝聚.
我是内地来新疆的,仅两三年时间,对新疆的了解,已胜过对我家乡的了解.对新疆的发展充满信心,也越来越热爱乌鲁木齐这座城市.但现在这种状况,真让我无所适从.
肺腑之言,管管别视而不见,别把我的这些话藏起来.没有网络,我也要说话!

26  网友 ip:120.70.*.*

月底我家的宽带就要报停了,我再留开网前最后一个言吧,说说开网后我首先要做的几件事:
一、首先看下我的QQ和邮箱还能不能用,如果能用,那我会收到许多亲人和朋友关切的信息,那里面也许就有一生中不能错过的最值得记忆的爱的消息,我会看着流泪的,我会一一回复:我很好,我来了。
二、我要重新给自己做一个上网计划,不沉迷不熬夜,更多的关心身边的人和事。通过这几个月的断网,我发现以前对身边的人和事关心太少太少,我好抱歉。
三、把断网这几个月的电子报表都一一补齐并报走,因为断网期间都是电话报的,很不规范。
四、我要买个超大的硬盘,然后把电脑里不重要的东西清理一下,把以后在工作或生活中要用到或可能要用到的资料和信息全部下载保存,比如公文论方写作、法律条款等等。如果再突然断网,我就不会在需要的时候手足无措。
五、看看我晚上常玩的游戏账号还能上吗,如果不能,还得重新练号,游戏也是很费心思和时间的哦。
其他还没想好,希望网快点开,
网络时代没有网,是很倒退的事情。
网络就是联接世界,而一个小地区的网并不叫网络。
管理员辛苦了,网友们加油!新疆加油!

27 网友 ip:220.171.*.*

社会稳定对发展的重要性,不只是政府知道,广大爱好和平的老百姓同政府一样都知道,而且有着刻骨铭心的体会.在这种心理基础之上,开通网络应是安全的.爱好稳定和平的人,又怎么会去发布一些不良信息言论,导致生活的不安定呢?要的是政府有关部门加强对信息源的监管,全国各大网站加强对不利于社会稳定的言论的屏蔽力度,查停非法网站,采取一切措施保持网络洁净.早日开通互联才是民心所向.
新疆需要在稳定中求发展,发展需求开放,而开放的一个重要标志就是能够实现信息与全国全世界的互通\互享.在这个信息化时代,长期的关闭网络,无疑是以牺牲经济社会发展和老百姓正常生活为代价的.
没有网络,几乎所有公司不得与外界实现信息上的畅通,一些公司尤其是网络公司因为停网而直接倒闭;公民没网络,不能及时接收来自国内外有用的新信息,从而导致观念上的落后.这一切一切有形无形的损失谁又去计算过?
开通网络,不仅是让我们这些生活在地球上的人知道自己还生活在地球上,也会是一次对民心的凝聚.
我是内地来新疆的,仅两三年时间,对新疆的了解,已胜过对我家乡的了解.对新疆的发展充满信心,也越来越热爱乌鲁木齐这座城市.但现在这种状况,真让我无所适从.
肺腑之言,管管别视而不见,别把我的这些话藏起来.没有网络,我也要说话!

28 网友 ip:220.171.*.*

天下维稳早太平,庸人自扰害网民。
柴米油Y巳耗尽,话费高昂雪加霜。
空对屏幕巳三月,愤恨谁家无矢的。
群心齐力共奋努,定叫春风度玉关!

29  网友:兰色闪电 ip:120.69.*.*

说到这事儿,真叫人郁闷。
话说我们单位和我家里的电脑都被.exe病毒和其它一些不知名的病毒害苦了。
最后整得我的U盘里的东西全部报销。以前的一些资料全部消失不说,有大批的工作还得重来,上面领导来检查,他们只说你的工作完成了没有,不说你的工作没完成的原因是什么。一些短期资料我们可以补,而一些长期的资料,我们到哪儿找去啊?
我们这些累死累活干事儿的人,把这些苦找谁说去?
今天为了拿到其他单位的共享资料,我们只好拿新疆搜这个网站提供的邮箱来发送,可到头来让人哭笑不得,每个人分享的邮箱空间才3M,而我要发送和接收的任何一个都大于10M,怎么办?难道真的让我们搭车到几十里以外去拿?车费这些我们自己掏,行,可我们手头的工作谁来干?
哎~苦不堪言!
老爷们,你们不是不知道,现在的人们真的和电脑分不开,一段时间的管制我们理解,并支持。可时间也太久了吧?管理员哥哥/妹妹不知道你会不会发出的我留言,如果你能发布,我一定到咱鸟市来请你吃大餐!呵呵
前天我来鸟市了,看到大街上气氛已经很详和了,真心地希望我们美丽的新疆永远政通人和,天山儿女不分民族,和睦相处。
谢谢

This entry was posted on 星期六, 二月 26th, 2011 at 3:37 下午 and is filed under 中国传播观察, 互联网与中国.

http://www.zhangjianjun.info/2010/08/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E8%AE%BF%E8%B0%88%EF%BC%882%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A%E8%B4%BA%E5%8D%AB%E6%96%B9%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%9A%E5%94%A0%E9%98%81%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6/

传播在北纬39度

记录教学和思考的平台 zhangjianjun.info

中国博客访谈(2):贺卫方的博唠阁——北京大学贺卫方访谈

计划对中国博客(blogger)做一些访谈,很久前对blogger佐拉(周曙光)访谈过,今天贴上对北京大学贺卫方教授的访谈,内容关于媒体、互联网和新疆断网的影响。希望能将这个中国博客(blogger)系列访谈坚持做完,内容会陆续发在我的blog上。

另:本blog原有的cn域名因众所周知原因,前一段被停止解析,申请了zhangjianjun.info域名,blog已经全部切换到新的域名,当年年幼无知用cn域名,俺正在为此付出代价,烦请各位链接朋友,更新一下链接地址,订阅rss的朋友,用feedsky地址订阅,http://feed.feedsky.com/zhangjianjun .

.贺卫方与博客(blog)

贺卫方(1960年-),山东省牟平人,北京大学法学院教授、博士生导师,著名法学家,《中外法学》主编。网名守门老鹤。2001年第一期《中国青年》把他列为将影响21世纪中国的100个青年人之一。2009年3月开始在新疆石河子大学支教。更多介绍见参见维基百科。

贺卫方博客名为:賀衛方的博嘮閣

1.开设时间:2006年2月9日

2.开设站点:新浪博客

3.现有博客文章:837篇(截至2010年8月4日5:40,以下数据皆为这一时间)

4.博客访问人数:820万人次8,217,244

5.博客内容有10类(括弧中为文章数):

博客中的博主自我介绍:

贺卫方,网名“守门老鹤”。大饥荒年间出生,家在山东牟平——过去叫县,后来改作“烟台市牟平区”,很有些城市化的味道, 不过我还是更喜欢说牟平县。老家地处烟台与威海两市之间,近海,方言有特色,同乡好友、山大学者罗福腾氏有《牟平方言词典》行世,让牟平在语言学界小有名气。十八岁离家,远赴巴渝读法律,命运和口味都为之一变。四年后到京,读外国法制史专业研究生,毕业留中国政法大学,做不讲课的教师,编辑《比较法研究》 季刊。在学院路四十一号院蜗居十年后转会北大,成为讲课的教师,编辑《中外法学》双月刊(按:自2007年8月起不再担任《中外法学》主编),偶尔发表点文章。很庆幸生在一个有大学的时代,使自己这种既不喜官场气息又不懂经商之道还恐惧农耕之累的散木之人居然可以过上一种不失尊严的生活。

. 访谈实施情况介绍

    1. 受访者:北京大学贺卫方教授
    2. 访谈者:张建军(www.zhangjianjun.info
    3. 时间:2010年6月21日15:01-15:45
    4. 方式:电话
    5. 整理:陈静、李静

.访谈内容

据录音整理,未经本人审阅

  • 一.媒介与互联网使用:1997年开始用上网,北大一塌糊涂BBS的资深用户,2006年2月开始写博客,主要在新浪博客。传统媒体只看南方周末。互联网成为主要信息来源。
  • 1.问:您大概是什么时间开始使用的互联网的?

答:应该比较早,开始发电子邮件,应该是在1997年开始使用,后来用各个论坛、bbs,《中青报》曾经有一次采访我,谈作为一个“bbser”(他用了个新词就是“bbs+er”,就是做为一个特别热心在bbs上参与讨论的人)发表一些看法。过去北大有一个著名的网站叫“一塌糊涂”,我在那上面还有一个小小的内部的互动社区,后来做博客的历史是从2006年开始吧。

2.问:我看到的好像是在2月9号

答:对,是2月9号

3.问:您刚说用论坛,“一塌糊涂事件”后来被关停了,看到您发表过公开信,你除了上“一塌糊涂”之外,其他的论坛呢?

答:有“世纪中国”,被关掉了;还有天涯的“关天茶社”和“法律论坛”也有一些参与;然后在凯迪网的“猫眼看人”。我的印象是在“猫眼看人”注册过一个ID,但是后来我都忘记了,后来就再没怎么上过。但是只是看而已。现在主要还是依赖博客发表一些观点。

4.问:主要是在新浪的博客是吗?

答:恩,对

我看到法律博客网也有您的博客,那个博客是您自己开的吗?

答:是法律博客的主持人邀请我过去的,但是实在打理不了那么多,一段时间是我这边(新浪博客)更新以后,他们的工作人员帮助我更新过去,也有一段时间没更新了,就放弃了。象搜狐、腾讯、网易、天涯啊,似乎都有我的博客,那些博客基本上很少更新。现在还有财经杂志。

5.问:您现在使用的传统媒体有哪些?

答:南方周末,从获取新闻资讯的角度其他的媒体基本上就很少用了。

6.问:大部分还是依赖在互联网获取信息?

答:对,是互联网

7.问:您有没有使用手机来上网呢?

答:没有,可能和年龄有关系吧,对特别时髦的东西接受起来不是特别快。

8.问:您有没有用新浪的微博之类的

答:没有,有人在上边用我的名字注册,后来我请朋友帮我声明一下,那不是我,我怕导致一些乱七八糟的事。

二.新疆断网影响和看法:单纯教学可能影响不是特别大,对科研信息检索影响很大,国际学术交流几乎中断;开始手写信交流;大规模断网法律程序有问题;断网不是从新疆开始的,是从西藏开始的。不要形成一种惯例性的做法。不要一有风吹草动就把相关区域的网络给断掉。

1.问:那我们这个问题就到这,下面讲一下断网给您带来的影响,“7·5”断网对您在教学上有什么影响?

答:单纯教学可能影响不是特别大,不过科研和教学本身不是特别能分得开,因为我们虽然曾经上过几次课(这个地方没听清您的话)但是还是希望能够在涉及到相关问题的时候了解一下新进的一些学术进展,有哪些相关的文章发表出来了,做一个增补和参考,这个时候如果断了网的话,就没办法获取这方面的资讯。

另外呢,过去没有断网的时候可以通过网络来辅助我的教学工作。比方说,我可以将参考书目放在博客上叫大家去下载,可以通过电子邮件来听取学生对我的课程的建议、看法,这些都非常重要。

2.问:有没有现在还给您留下比较深刻的记忆,(断网)带来比较大的一件麻烦事?

答:就是我个人觉得石河子大学他们的图书馆有一些书藏的并不是特别全,我给大家推荐的不少的书、文章,本来想给他们提供和教学内容相关联的一个比较完整的资讯。然后,甚至我把我过去自己相关的一些文章放在网上让学生们能够下载,最后都没有办法,学生们感觉到可读的课外的东西不多。

3.问:那科研方面呢?

答:我觉得现在大家做做一个研究的时候,其实有一个比较重要的习惯就是到一些个相关的网站上检索一下前人的研究已经进展到怎样的程度,任何的所谓学术研究,都应该是在一个已经既有的基础之上,再往前能够推进一步。但是,断了网以后完全是井底之蛙了,连井底之蛙都不算,因为井底之蛙可能都能看到井口大的天,我们连那么大的天都看不到了。所以我觉得对科研的影响非常的大。不仅对我,对新疆其他的城市从事研究的朋友都产生了很严重的影响。

4.问:我们调查以后也觉得,大家对外的资讯中断后,麻烦还是非常大的。

答:对,而且还有一个跟科研相关的事情就是,你投稿子都没法投了,现在杂志社发表学术文章都是电子版,无纸作业,算是低碳学术吧,也非常的便利,因为一篇文章就不需要重新排版了,只是校对一下就可以。但是,你现在通过邮局给人家寄一个打印稿,对方就不是特别方便,像以前的那种软盘也基本上都没有了。有一次我给《南方周末》写文章,只好用打印稿传真传给报社,然后报社在重新给录入,我觉得这个(文章)短一点还好,要是学术文章一两万字的的话,这个录入工作量就很大。

5.问:您作为一个公共知识份子,在很多个社会公共话题上、在媒体上也不断发言,这方面的影响有多大?

答:对,一下子你都不知道社会发生了什么事,真的是闭目塞听。我记得在“7·5”之前,断网之前我还是比较活跃的,当时有一个“邓玉娇案”,我连着写了五篇文章,也只是断网之前的最后疯狂。

6.问:当时是已经到了新疆了吧?

答:在新疆。

7.:那这次网络管制对您的学术交流方面带来了哪些影响呢?

答:凡是国际交流基本都无法进行,不要说没有e-mail、Internet,连长途电话都掐断,所以说那段时间开什么国际研讨会都是没有办法进行的,去国外参加学术研讨会完全都不成。因为也有不少国外的朋友给我发的电子邮件或邀请函都收不到。

8.问:那这个影响大概有多大呢?有量化的概念么?

答:这个就很难量化了。

9.问:那生活上的影响有多大?

答:生活上,大概平时朋友之间的联络,这个通讯系统没了,然后相互约定任何事情都只能打电话。有时候内地的朋友发短信过来,我也不知道。运营商也不去告诉大家新疆网络断了,所以也会产生一些误会,说你这个人怎么回事,不回短信。

10.问:这也是比较大的一个影响了。那您跟北京的家人是怎样联络的呢?

答:那还好,反正是我是第一时间就告诉家里边短信没了,要有什么事儿就打电话。不过是电话费用增加而已嘛。

问:我看见您去烟台和东北等地进行交流,那这个是怎样联系的呢?

答:这个是国内的么,可以打国内长途电话联系。

问:那您那段时间的长途电话费用是不是很高呢,拨打长途方便么?

答:对对,那段时间的长途话费是比较高的,拨打还是比较方便的,手机也可以直接拨打。

问:那邮局的使用平率有没有比以前有所增加?

答:倒是少有的写了几封手写信,通过邮局寄出去,大概写过3、5封吧。当时我也没有那么太多的要紧的事儿。

问:那您寄信主要适用于联络什么呢?

答:就是有一些会议、邀请之类的,我不能参加给他们做一些解释。还有就是有一些朋友,他们遇到一些案件的情况,他们写信到新疆去,我就给他们手写回封信。所以说还是挺难得的。呵呵,我都好多年不手写信了。

问:我看您后面一段时间博客又能更新了,我想可能是您回到北京了,那在新疆的时候,之前有没有更新呢?

答:博客的更新,基本上都是我出来开会、到内地来办事儿的时候来进行的。中间出现了长达一个月没有更新。

问:那您也就是借着出来的机会才能去更新?

答:是的。所以我的朋友们都是一看我博客更新了,就可以确定我一定不在新疆。

1.问:那您觉得断网有没有一些“好的效果”出现?对您个人来讲?

答:我觉得其实,倒也没有什么让人觉得好的效果,客观上来说人会瞬间变得安静下来,然后你就觉得没有必要晚上熬夜灌水,过了两天就慢慢的觉得可以读点纸质的东西,我跟学生们说也应该珍惜断网的时间,好好到图书馆借几本经典的书回去看看。但是如果我们会自我调节的话,不断网也能够做到这一点,自我调节的比较好的话。所以我倒也不觉得这是什么断网的好处。断网是有百害而无一利的。从法学的角度来讲,首先这当然是一个程序上边的问题,这样的一个非常重大的举措,对于许多的个人和企业的经济利益和其他一些相关的权利,包括我们发出声音的权力加以剥夺,这样的一个做法,我觉得本身是要一个法律上的程序。政府做这样的事情,明显涉及到包括法人,包括其他个人的财产问题,有一些开网吧的人呢就完全在那段时间歇业了,这个利益涉及到的方面非常的多。那么,采取这样一个很大的举措一点提前的论证都没有,一点人大的程序都不走,说断整个新疆全断掉,我觉得这是一个法律上的很严重的问题。所以我又不知道在中国这个政府体系下利益的权衡,有时候所谓的我们要算政治账,不算经济账。就把这个事情给搪塞过去了,我觉得还是个挺大的问题。

2.问:就是在法律的程序上没有

答:对

3.问:是否给高校解释这个事情?

答:没有。管制就一直这样持续着,最后说开放也就开放了。

4.问:2009年12月逐渐开放一部分2010年3月再开放一部分直到5月份彻底开放对于这个开放的程序,大学和社会其他机构有差别吗?

答:基本差不多,没有多大的差别。就是人民网、新华网几个主要的网站先开放,新浪、搜狐有所谓的新疆版,这个和其他朋友看到的版面完全不一样。然后才是一个比较全面开放。总共持续了近8个多月吧。

5.问:看到您一次关于新疆的会议提出“对新疆要真正的实现自治与民主,通过超越血缘关系的多元化,重整利益格局,推动现代思想作品通过民间语言传播”,就断网这个事件在更大层面上来看,您有什么评价呢?

答:我觉得他会带来一个很大的后遗症。这个断网不是从新疆开始的,是从西藏开始的。我觉得不要形成一种惯例性的做法。不要一有风吹草动就把相关区域的网络给断掉。我认为这个断网,不仅仅是妨碍了人们的沟通而已,它也让人们感觉到新疆太特殊,新疆就是一个被剥夺权利的地方。我认为这会产生的一个很坏的后果,心理上的后果。

问:我还看到您在《南周》上谈新疆的新文化只是刊登了三分之一的内容,剩下的有没有在您的博客上贴出来呢?

答:对,只有三分之一,博客上也没有再贴。完整的版本有,一直没有一个时间来把它修订,完整版还是需要在一些方面进行增补和修订。

问:那您方便的时候能给我们发一份么?我们在看了之后也觉得得到了很多启发。

答:好的,可以。

6.问:有些人认为断网以后能阻断一些所谓的非法信息的流通与传播,您是怎么看的呢?

答:这个我不太知道。因为一方面这是他们内部的信息,我们不知道是怎样的。我觉得断网也使得打击这种非法策划非法行动者耳目变得不是那么灵通了。他们没有办法了解这个上面有什么动态。所以我觉得这是两个方面都可能有的。(这个听的不是很清楚)

7.问:我们也在调研中对底层的网民做了一些了解有些人就有一些想法。

答:我的博客中也有这种留言。说有人被杀掉,你居然还因为只是上不了网就在这大发牢骚。

8.问:有些人也比较担心这个断网到底有没有效果啊?还有些人一听我说新疆的互联网中断,就觉得这个地方很危险很糟糕很混乱,但是可能实际上呢情况并没有大家想象的那样严重。

答:是这样的。如果外部的人真的关心新疆的话,他们会有一种恐慌感。就好像沦陷区一样的感觉,什么情况都搞不清楚,不知道怎么回事。总体来说,事情最重要的是需要法律论证程序。采取一些措施,必要的时候可以戒严,这都是可以做的。但是做这些事情的时候,你是一个共和国,是一个民主国家,你不可以完全视人民的权利为无物,愿意怎么剥夺就怎么剥夺。

三.个人博客的使用情况:每天上网4小时左右;2006年开始写博客,每次更新博客15到20分钟;博客好似自己办的一份互动报纸,博客的魅力在于互动,第一时间知道读者的想法;读者回复都看,选择性回复;报纸上发不出来的可以在博客上发表;为删除博文的问题跟其他几位法学界的朋友也一起提出过一个抗议;2009年开始博客删文章现象开始减少;对博客的期望,就像对现在中国,整个这个国家也没有什么太大的期望一样,扎扎实实把博客做好。

1.问:我还看到您在您的法律博客里面(有一些文章),那个博客是您自己开的吗?

答:是,也是他们法律博客的一些主持人一定要求我过去,我实在实在打理不了那么多。有一段时间基本上是我这边(新浪博客)更新以后,被他们那里边(法律博客)的工作人员帮助我更新过去。也有一段时间没更新了。就放弃了。

2.问:那主要就是在新浪这边的博客?

答:现在就是说有许多镜像:搜狐、腾讯、网易,还有天涯都有我的博客。那些博客基本上都很少更新,现在还有《财经》网。

3.问:您现在主要是新浪的博客在打理,是吗?

答:恩 对

4.问:从06年您开博到现在您一共发了825篇日志,访问的用户一共有792万人次。我觉得是一个很大的数字,那您个人觉得这个博客有一个什么样的看法呢?

答:这个还不算一个很大的数字吧,还有人比我这个大得多,呵呵。我觉的虽然付出很大的心力来进行博客的更新,但是还是挺值得的。前不久有一个网友说,基本上我的博客可以被视为一个网络大学。要是从头读到尾的话好像就能获得很多收益,我个人当然也从中获得了很大的乐趣。

5.问:平时更新一个博客大概需要花费多长时间呢?

答:取决于是否插入什么图片啊、资料啊什么的,有时候长,有时候短。要是没有图的话就会比较容易,但是个别的时候会很麻烦。就是你文章里面要是有某些敏感词,你好不容易发上去,还给你删掉。

6.问:那么平均大概发一篇博文需要多久呢?

答:一般平均来说得要15分钟或者20分钟左右。因为有时候要校对,字体有没有变化,还有标题字体、署名字体、长段落什么字体,都要进行修改校对。

7.问:一般来讲您一天上网花费的时间大概是多久?

答:大概总共加起来在4个小时左右吧。

8.问:我看到您这个博客里面内容比较丰富,除了关于法律的以外还有关于个人的生活,还有您的摄影的作品在里面。所以说这个算是个人的一个门户么?

答:对于我来说就像一份自己创办的互动的报纸。

9.问:博客的留言您都会看么?

答:我都会看,回复的并不多。

10.问:所以我在后面看见你在博客文章后面直接做一些回复。有时候,也会把一些留言摘出来专门来发一个文章说,是么?

答:感觉一些比较重要的留言值得保留下来。我就会把它摘出来,弄一个编者按什么的。

11.问:您是如何来看待博客这种互动方式的,对于您来说有什么意义?

答:我觉得这是博客最有魅力的一个地方。因为传统的报纸上你发了文章,你不知道读者怎么看你,也没有办法第一时间知道。但是博客你发上去之后,很快就会有不少跟帖,来看你的文章,说出他们对于你的文章的一些看法。会从中获得许多的收益。
(贺卫方摄影作品)上海郊区佘山之巅的大教堂内景。我第一次到这座修建于1930年代的教堂,雄伟的气势和美丽的彩绘玻璃令人印象深刻。

12.问:这些是对于您也有许多的启发是么?

答:对,那是当然的。我从中也收到了不少的启发。而且博客还有一个功能就是,你在纸媒上发表文章,通常会被删节,有时候是因为篇幅的关系,有时候在某种情况下是违碍的原因。纸媒的发表比网络更为严格一些。所以,我经常在纸媒上发表文章之后,再把那篇文章发到博客上,会把被删节的部分再恢复回来。我认为博客上的文章在某种程度上更能够准确的表现出自己对于事件的一些观点和看法。

13.问:也就是说我作为一个传播者在少了传统媒体的把关之后,我自主发言的权利也就大一些。

答:对。有相当一部分根本在纸媒上发不出来的东西(可以发在博客上)。比如说我偶尔发表一篇社论——博客社论,呵呵。我这些社论写的时候就没有准备在纸媒上发表。

14.问:那有没有传统的媒体来找您说认为你某篇文章可以在媒体上发表出来?

答:也有一些这样的情况,包括有些报纸或者刊物,他们在网上搜寻一些自己需要的信息。我最近就发现包括赵作海案、邓玉娇案,有些报纸就说北京大学贺卫方教授认为如何如何。实际上他们并没有采访我,他们是从我的博客上摘取了我说的话,但是给读者一个印象就是我或许接受过他们的采访。

还有就是,在博客上写一个比较简洁的观点,然后有一些媒体的朋友会说,这个是不是可以发表一下呢,我就说我这个还需要再充实一下、丰富一下。 就像过去曾经写过,对于汉语拼音的一个意义,我也是先发表在博客上,后来《三联生活周刊》的编辑就觉得这篇文章不错,然后就希望我这个文章能够增补一下给他们。这个时候我操作的规程就是先把我博客上的这篇文章给屏蔽掉,一般的纸媒都不希望自己的文章已经在其他的地方被发表了,而且还是在网上,所以我就把它再修订一下,等杂志发表出来以后,我这边在发表一个全文。所以我觉得这也是一个比较有意思的互动方式。

15.问:有新浪的网友说您的博客里出现的留言被删除,文章被锁定等现象,这方面您是怎么看的?

答:开始那段时间,博客建立不久,我就感觉到这种删帖的情况时有发生,现在有一个功能是叫做私密回复,就是我自己登陆后能看到(被删除的文章)。而过去是直接删掉。后来我跟其他几位法学界的朋友也一起提出过一个抗议,但是效果并不是那么明显。后来还是有删。但是再过一段时间,我记得好像是去年开始我博客文章删除就越来越少了。就像去年我对于包括司法改革方面的开历史倒车的一些做法的非常直面的一些批评,比我自己预期要好,(自己)感觉肯定要被删掉的,最后没有被删掉。就是被删掉文章之后的跟帖。现在是,删博文的情况少了,但是删跟帖的情况越来越多了。被删掉有时候特别麻烦的是,有不少人认为跟我提出了不同的意见,我删除了。我说这真的是特别冤枉,也说不清楚。后来我只好在左侧的公告栏上面发了一个声明,除了广告和骂人贴,没有讯息的帖我会删除,其余的我都不会删除的。

贺卫方在blog里的声明

16.问:那您在说您博客删除情况的改变这一现象时,您认为这是网站方面在策略上面的一些调整还是您在发文章的时候更加注意会不会被删除这一问题的结果?

答:现在看来,如果是你触及到一些新闻管理部门,那么这种文章很容易被删除。要是你不是批评新闻管理部门、宣传部门的问题。而是其他领域的问题的话,可能这个安全程度就会提高不少。这也是特别有趣的一个事情。

17.问:所以说您在发文章的时候也有一些关于这样的考量了么?

答:稍微有一些吧,其实,在中国这个国度你永远都要先给自己做一个自我审查。

18.问:看来在法学界也是,我们在新闻媒体人里面的自我审查可能比较厉害。

答:对,那会更加厉害的,哈哈。所以说你们还要过五关斩六将的。有时候我们要是回答记者提问的话,说激烈一点问题不大。太过激烈了,报社的领导也会把它删掉。担心太过激烈了会给报社带来麻烦。

19.问:那您认为想新浪站方这种删除文章或者留言对于您的意见或信息观点的传播的影响有多大?

答:我不是一味的追求激烈话的人,我还是倡导一些比较理性的沟通风格。有时候,我个人的文章被删掉,知道可能是有他某方面的需要(博主:这个地方听不清楚),也是可以理解的。确实是有些观点,现在的官方没有办法接受。所以我自己也没有怒火中烧。

20.问:根据我们的观察,我现在看您的博客是通过一个google reader的阅读器,就是说您那里一发表文章在我的阅读器里就会出现。到时候即使是新浪删除以后呢,这个文章在我那个阅读器里还会保留下来。另外还有就是许多搜索引擎它会很快的抓去博客的内容,有快照什么的,就是即使删除了,它在那个里面也会保留下来。所以就是说现在互联网的开放和他的这种趋中心化,根据我们的了结是说他不会因为个别的删除有特别大的影响。

答:对,是这样的,还是有意义的。

21.问:您对于您的博客下一步的期待是什么?

答:呵呵。也没有什么太大的期望。我觉得就像对现在中国,整个这个国家也没有什么太大的期望一样。这种东西只要持之以恒坚持数年,你想人家有十年的,我相信这个东西就会有非常好的一种影响,一个积累。所以我觉得扎扎实实把它做好,这个比去寻求某种突然(这个地方听不清)能够达到另外的境界要重要得多。

(完)www.zhangjianjun.info

Technorati 标签: 贺卫方,中国博客,blogger,互联网与中国

This entry was posted on 星期四, 八月 5th, 2010 at 12:25 上午 and is filed under 互联网与中国.

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Microrumours Cause Major Scandals

http://www.bjreview.com.cn/quotes/txt/2010-12/23/content_320604.htm

UPDATED: December 23, 2010 NO.51

Microrumours Cause Major Scandals

The instant but unverified information flow of microblogs may require self-discipline from authors

By JING XIAOLEI

Liu Jun was shocked to read a microblog post saying the famous Hong Kong novelist Jin Yong (Louis Cha) was dead in hospital on the evening of December 6. The short news item gave the time and the name of the hospital. He thought it was real and re-posted the post.

“I was feeling so sorrowful and sad as Jin Yong is among my favorite writers of all time,” said Liu, a third-year university student in Qingdao, Shandong Province, who is an active microblogger on t.sina.com, China’s largest microblogging service operator. He made a phone call to one of his friends later to notify him about the sad news, but was told it wasn’t true.

Liu then went to Internet search engines to discover the news was indeed fake. He had mixed feelings of both happiness and worry. “It’s good to know Jin Yong is not dead, but the false news undermines my trust in the credibility of microblogs,” Liu told Beijing Review.

It is probably impossible to track down the original source, but the circulation of the false news on t.sina.com exploded after it was re-posted by the official microblog of the reputable China News Week magazine, whose three editors later resigned due to the scandal.

There is nothing new about false reports on the demise of celebrities. However the alleged death of Jin Yong became a major event, which has highlighted the microblog phenomenon in China.

Netizens believe that the news first came from the BBS forum themed Jin Yong at Baidu.com, this was among the earliest known reports. The brief “news” said, “Jin Yong, date of birth March 22, 1924, expired at 19:07 pm, December 6 at the Saint Maria Hospital in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong due to a combination of encephalitis and callus hydropsy.” Although the post contained a mere 46 Chinese characters, it drew unprecedented attention due to the esteemed position of Jin Yong among readers of martial arts novels.

Spreading like virus

Later the post on this Internet forum was re-posted onto microblog host Twitter and other social networking websites Renren.com before it reached t.sina.com. According to a netizen identified as “Chumojun,” he was the first to relay the information from Renren.com to the t.sina.com. Soon afterward other microbloggers helped spread Chumojun’s post around. But, Chumojun had specified his post by stating “seeking confirmation. Not known if this is true or false.”

Not long after the short “news” appeared on the official microblog of the China News Week magazine. The editor running the microblog saw the post and slightly edited it by adding “Instantaneous News” and “He was 86-years-old” in the beginning and at the end of the original version to make the post look more like professional news. Thus, unverified information awaiting confirmation became a news story.

Hours later, it was confirmed Jin Yong was still alive by some acquaintances of him via microblogs. China News Week was not the only one who forwarded the story. Many other well-known celebrity bloggers and media workers also did it. But as a news outlet, China News Week did the most damage. Chumojun has 2,000 plus microblog followers whereas China News Week has more than 300,000 followers. Its mistake has led to the resignation of China News Week’s deputy editor in chief and two Web editors because they forwarded the rumor without proper fact-checking.

Luckily there were other microbloggers to clarify the fake news. Hong Kong-based Phoenix TV’s reporter Rose Luqiu said on her microblog that Jin Yong was attending a ceremony for an honorary doctorate degree at Shu Yan College the day before. Her post appeared less than 30 minutes after China News Week issued its instantaneous news bulletin.

Rose Luqiu also said there was no Saint Maria Hospital in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong. “The rumor maker was not very precise. You can Google that yourself,” she added on her microblog.

Hours later a report from Phoenix TV’s website also formally dispelled the rumor saying the website had contacted a Hong Kong television reporter to confirm the report of Jin Yong’s death was false.

Sharp-eyed netizens also detected another “flaw” in the original false story: Jin Yong was born on March 10, 1924 and not March 22, 1924. March 22, 1924 happened to be the birthday of another famous martial arts novelist, Liang Yusheng.

Need for discipline

China has entered into the era of microblogging, which is greatly propelled by Web portal Sina.com that runs t.sina.com, and the number of microblog users is expected to reach 65 million by the end of this year, says China News Service.

“Twitter brought the concept of the microblog to China, but it is Sina.com that has popularized this kind of Internet service here,” said Hu Yong, an expert on new media at the School of Journalism and Communications of Peking University.

As the latest Internet interactive application, microblogging is getting increasingly popular among netizens, media outlets and social organizations because it has certain unique properties. Compared to other Internet applications such as blogs and online forums, microblogs are instantaneous and far-reaching. On computers or mobile phones, a simple click on “forward” allows the information to be instantaneously sent to others.

According to a China Youth Daily survey, which involved 3,282 people from 30 provinces around the Chinese mainland, 87 percent of respondents use microblogs to read about public opinion on current affairs and to post their own thoughts.

But the recent fake news scandal has highlighted concern about the voluminous information on microblogs. “To some extent, the significance of this incident is that it provides an opportunity to intensify the understanding of microblogging, inspiring us to consider the proper way to use and administrate microblogging,” said Zhang Yuqiang, an associate professor of journalism at the Communication University of China.

“It’s acknowledged the very speed of correction shows microblogging is a superior medium to traditional media outlets,” Zhang said. “But, the problem is that it can also spread false information with equal speed, and that the lack of controls and rapid dissemination of what may be untrue stories gives it a viral power traditional media outlets lack.”

For traditional media outlets, it is clear they must clearly specify the area of responsibility if they want to avoid such mistakes. The resigned China News Week Deputy Editor in Chief Liu Xinyu said their editor forwarded this “instantaneous news story” after he left work for the day. “The news outlet did not stipulate whom he must consult before he forwards something, so this is a flaw in the system,” he said

Liu said new media outlets still have to follow the widely-accepted rules of journalism so confirmation and sourcing are still required. “Before posting news stories, verification must be made through various channels. Minimally, the relevant websites should be checked to see which sources are more credible.”

In addition, sound regulations on the use of microblogging should be formulated and improved, which reduce and prevent improper actions in the long run. According to Zhang of the Communication University of China, the purpose of setting up rules is to protect freedom of speech and to keep the openness of microblogging so as to create healthy online environment.

“As for the majority of netizens, their media literacy plays a pivotal role. They should deal with the information in a sober and rational manner,” said Zhang.

Liu Jun, a student microblogger in Qingdao, said he had learned lessons from spreading the rumor on Jin Yong’s death. “I still enjoy its abundance of information, but I will think it over before I really take it.”

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