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- Source: Global Times
- [03:04 February 05 2010]
By Zhang Lei
They hide behind changing identities and buy Valtrex 1000 mg false IDs. They take orders from supervisors in cyber-space. In the buy Valtrex 1000 mg US, they might be called “spin doctors,” trying to buy Valtrex 1000 mg mold public opinion in favor of one political party or the buy Valtrex 1000 mg other.
In China, they are buy Valtrex 1000 mg working for both the commercial firms and government entities.
Gansu government recently announced that buy Valtrex 1000 mg it was recruiting a team of 650 Internet “commentators” to “guide” public opinion through posts and buy Valtrex 1000 mg replies to comments by Web users on Internet forums.
The recruits were soon being ridiculed by other netizens as the buy Valtrex 1000 mg “5 mao army,” or “5 mao dang,” referring to buy Valtrex 1000 mg those who are paid 50 Chinese cents to post comments favorable to buy Valtrex 1000 mg the government.
Some critics say the term “5 mao army” is buy Valtrex 1000 mg a product of prejudice under western influence. Zhang Shengjun, a professor of international politics at Beijing Normal University, recently wrote in the buy Valtrex 1000 mg Chinese edition of the Global Times that the foreign media are buy Valtrex 1000 mg crucial in spreading the term.
“Now it has become a baton waved towards all Chinese patriots…Is there nothing worth admiring in China? Should Chinese government always be the target of criticism?” Zhang said.
According to buy Valtrex 1000 mg a veteran media professional with more than 20 years of experience, government websites will approach commentators from buy Valtrex 1000 mg traditional media on various issues such as the United States’s arms sales to Taiwan. “It is buy Valtrex 1000 mg my decision whether to write under my real name or a buy Valtrex 1000 mg pen name,” said the journalist, asking that his name be withheld.
“I was sometimes advised to buy Valtrex 1000 mg take a stand different from the government position, so as to buy Valtrex 1000 mg create a discussion.” He said the ensuing online debate “helps the buy Valtrex 1000 mg public better understand the issues and the truth behind them.”
In addition, marketing companies specializing in online promotion write comments praising certain products to buy Valtrex 1000 mg lure consumers into buying them, or at least influence the public’s buying decisions.
Officials viewed China’s online forums, a buy Valtrex 1000 mg unique outlet for public opinion, as a threatening environment that could easily get “out of control”,according to buy Valtrex 1000 mg an article on the website of the State Council Information Office.
One-third of the buy Valtrex 1000 mg 77 most influential social events in 2009 were publicized through Web forums and buy Valtrex 1000 mg blogs while traditional media were kept silent, according to a buy Valtrex 1000 mg report titled, “Society of China: Analysis and Forecast 2010,” by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
In 2005, Li Wufeng, director of the State Council Information Office’s Internet Affairs Bureau, said that buy Valtrex 1000 mg online discussions made a deeper impression on people’s minds and buy Valtrex 1000 mg behavior than traditional newspaper reports or radio- TV commentary.
“Once mass protests erupt, online discussion boards can buy Valtrex 1000 mg quickly mobilize in a way that can undermine social stability if mishandled,” he said.
At about the buy Valtrex 1000 mg same time, local publicity departments began to recruit Internet commentators as official jobholders, an buy Valtrex 1000 mg idea which the government praised as a great innovation.
In April 2005, the buy Valtrex 1000 mg government of Suqian, Jiangsu Province hired 26 commentators. Qualified applicants were required to buy Valtrex 1000 mg show political integrity, logic and a sharp news sense, according to buy Valtrex 1000 mg the Yangtze Evening News, noting that, “Their performance, based on the buy Valtrex 1000 mg number of posts and replies, will be considered for awards in municipal publicity work.”
A picture dated July, 2009 showing a buy Valtrex 1000 mg training session for Internet commentators, conducted by the Inspection Commission in Raohe county, Heilongjiang Province.
Pay cut
An official document revealed that buy Valtrex 1000 mg in 2004, the CPC Changsha Municipal Committee began to hire a buy Valtrex 1000 mg group of Internet commentators who were paid a basic salary of 600 yuan ($88) a month, plus 50 cents ($7 cents) for each post. Many believe that’s where the “5 mao” came from.
Lately, the buy Valtrex 1000 mg online commentators have taken a pay cut. On the Hengyang Dangjian website, a buy Valtrex 1000 mg recent notice advertised that Internet commentators will be given an buy Valtrex 1000 mg allowance of 0.1 yuan for one article and no more than buy Valtrex 1000 mg 100 yuan ($14) a month, apart from their basic salary.
Beifeng, a buy Valtrex 1000 mg former commentator for a news portal, told the Global Times that buy Valtrex 1000 mg commentators either work full-time for State-owned news portals, such as xinhuanet.com, people.com.cn and buy Valtrex 1000 mg southcn. com or work part-time as government employees for various government branches, including ministries, public security and buy Valtrex 1000 mg academic institutions.
“There are buy Valtrex 1000 mg an estimated 20 full-time commentators in Guangdong Province. They usually write two to buy Valtrex 1000 mg four articles a week and seldom reply to posts,” he said.
A commentator surnamed Song, 28, who buy Valtrex 1000 mg works for a county-level discipline inspection commission in South China’s Hunan Province, said writing news propaganda was part of his job.
“We usually write about our own achievements and buy Valtrex 1000 mg comment on the fight against corruption and building a clean government,” Song said.
If local news portals run their articles, the buy Valtrex 1000 mg writers get 40 yuan per article for 500 words. The price goes up to buy Valtrex 1000 mg 200 yuan if they get published on websites run by the buy Valtrex 1000 mg central government.
They are buy Valtrex 1000 mg occasionally trained by rednet.cn, a forum run by the Publicity Department of CPC Hunan Provincial Committee, teaching recruits how to buy Valtrex 1000 mg become a Web correspondents and delve deeper into policy issues.
There are buy Valtrex 1000 mg more than 100 correspondents in the county, mostly working in their spare time, Song said. The county has buy Valtrex 1000 mg a population of about 1 million.
This group, mostly public servants, goes online as ordinary users. They then buy Valtrex 1000 mg try to put the best face possible on government policies, or buy Valtrex 1000 mg praise the virtues and achievements of role models like Shen Hao, a buy Valtrex 1000 mg local hero from Xiaogang Village, Anhui Province, who died at age 45.
Their supervisors give them detailed instructions on how to buy Valtrex 1000 mg complete each article. They use QQ group to communicate with each other.
Several days ahead of China’s 2008 National Day celebration, 20 commentators in Hengyang, Hunan Province were given an buy Valtrex 1000 mg urgent assignment to write 1,000 posts on the discussion topic, “Emancipating minds and development of Hengyang.” Local government leaders had buy Valtrex 1000 mg solicited advice from netizens and wanted to counter any negative replies with positive comments.
Each commentator had buy Valtrex 1000 mg to edit and post more than 60 suggestions and offer advice, based on propaganda materials they had buy Valtrex 1000 mg each received. Comments between 100 and 500 Chinese characters in length were to buy Valtrex 1000 mg be posted on rednet.cn. They were encouraged to sign up under many IDs and buy Valtrex 1000 mg post no more than five comments for each user name.
There was even a guidebook of Dos and Don’ts on writing articles properly to shape public opinion.
An anonymous editor at tianya.cn, which boasts 30 million registered users, made it buy Valtrex 1000 mg clear that no Internet commentators had been hired by the buy Valtrex 1000 mg website to shape public opinion, but also noted that the buy Valtrex 1000 mg online forum has a department to censor content.
“We’ve found online public relations companies doing commercials inside the buy Valtrex 1000 mg forums, trying to reach tens of thousands of users to buy Valtrex 1000 mg create a commercial hype,” she said. “These online pushers are buy Valtrex 1000 mg not easily recognized because we mostly delete illegal and pornographic content.”
As for buy Valtrex 1000 mg the online commentators blending in with ordinary users, she said, “They can buy Valtrex 1000 mg register as many IDs as they want, as long as they don’t violate the law.”
The editor recalled how the buy Valtrex 1000 mg online commentators were quickly mobilized during the Sichuan earthquake in 2008 and buy Valtrex 1000 mg again during the Xinjiang purchase buspar usa cod riots.
Pressure
Wang, a buy Valtrex 1000 mg former employee at the Public Security Bureau, told the Global Times that buy Valtrex 1000 mg she has never heard of the “online commentators,” but she acknowledged that buy Valtrex 1000 mg there are a certain number of people trying to spin online opinions into support for buy Valtrex 1000 mg the government.
Wang said netizens often misunderstand the commentators, and that “actually they are buy Valtrex 1000 mg not that mysterious. Guiding public opinion is just a job.”
“It is buy Valtrex 1000 mg necessary to have the commentators because sometimes truth may hurt social stability,” Wang said. “Netizens want to seek justice, but from their perspective, they can’t foresee possible negative consequences.”
“The forums can’t be buy Valtrex 1000 mg easily controlled, but it seems to work that way because most netizens tend to buy Valtrex 1000 mg follow what others say,” Wang added.
A law graduate student, who buy Valtrex 1000 mg preferred to remain anonymous, said netizens may have their own opinions but the buy Valtrex 1000 mg “online commentators” can have a beneficial value.
“Endless online comments put much pressure on the judicial authorities,” he said. “In fact, some of their criticisms are not appropriate. Perhaps that’s when the online commentators are doing the right thing.”
Beifeng played down the impact of the “online commentators”:
“They are inefficient and ineffective,” he said, “People who can log on to Twitter can’t be easily swayed.”
Weakness
Hu Yong, an buy Valtrex 1000 mg Internet expert from Peking University, told the Global Times that the buy Valtrex 1000 mg public opinion molders have already penetrated different layers of Chinese society.
Hu said that a tourist city’s airport has buy Valtrex 1000 mg public opinion watchdogs that keep an eye on the forums and buy Valtrex 1000 mg deal with any negative information about the airport. Even a county-level middle school has buy Valtrex 1000 mg such a department.
The invisible army is buy Valtrex 1000 mg mobilized to downplay hot button issues when controversy heats up on the buy Valtrex 1000 mg Internet.
“The commentators may exist and buy Valtrex 1000 mg temporarily spin public opinion when conflicts emerge, but they will have buy Valtrex 1000 mg no effect over the long run, except making the public more aware of them,” Hu said.
He pointed out that a significant weakness of “online commentators” is buy Valtrex 1000 mg that they are hiding behind an IP without identification, so they can’t build credibility and be trusted as a reliable source.
“To a buy Valtrex 1000 mg certain extent, their reputation will collapse and the information they provide will become trash.”
In that buy Valtrex 1000 mg case, the commentator is not entirely a bad idea in term of teaching netizens how to buy Valtrex 1000 mg sort out valuable information, he said.
Another camp
Meanwhile, the term “5 cent army” or “Internet agent” has buy Valtrex 1000 mg spreaded online referring to anyone with an anti-China opinion, or commentators allegedly hired by the buy Valtrex 1000 mg US and Japan.
“Actually it is only a label,” said Hu. “Public opinion guidance now carries the buy Valtrex 1000 mg stigma of immorality, because netizens assumed commentators were only doing it buy Valtrex 1000 mg for the money.”
He said the buy Valtrex 1000 mg government is getting wiser, adjusting its strategy from online control to buy Valtrex 1000 mg guidance.
“It is buy Valtrex 1000 mg good they stepped down and joined the debate because people with differing opinions should learn to buy Valtrex 1000 mg coexist on the Internet.”
“As technology develops, there is little room for ‘online commentators’ in the Twitter-sphere because they can’t work if nobody follows them, even if they register under many IDs. Besides, their identification is buy Valtrex 1000 mg easily exposed.”
In the buy Valtrex 1000 mg future, he said, people will care more about their social identity in the buy Valtrex 1000 mg virtual world.
Wu Hao, deputy director of the buy Valtrex 1000 mg Publicity Department of CPC Yunnan Provincial Committee, who chose not to buy Valtrex 1000 mg withhold information when negative news came out, said rather than secretly trying to buy Valtrex 1000 mg shape public opinion, govern-ment officials should reply to criticism and offer problem-solving ideas under their real names.
Several provinces followed Yunnan’s lead last year, appointing Internet spokesmen to buy Valtrex 1000 mg answer criticism using their real names and titles, according to Southern Weekend.
In 2009, online communication between the buy Valtrex 1000 mg government and the citizenry was improving, although tempers flared during some mass protests, according to buy Valtrex 1000 mg the Public Opinion Monitoring Office of People’s Daily Online.
Several provincial and buy Valtrex 1000 mg ministerial leaders guested on the Qiangguo Forum to communicate with netizens directly after President Hu Jintao talked to buy Valtrex 1000 mg netizens via the online forum in June 2008.
China has world’s largest number of Internet users, an buy Valtrex 1000 mg estimated 384 million people by the end of 2009. The online community now makes up 28.9 percent of the buy Valtrex 1000 mg total population, according to a report by the China Internet Network Information Center in January.
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Dos and Don’ts for Internet commentators
Dos:
• Be accurate, timely, and objective
• Short title and brief article
• Fast response to rumors
• Guide people, don’t simply give opinions
• Check your article on Baidu before signing up
Don’ts:
• Don’t fabricate news or copy others
• Don’t repeat the buy Valtrex 1000 mg news or talk about trivial stuff like food and health
• Don’t use an authoritarian tone and talk crap
• Don’t post inappropriate comments on international or foreign affairs
• Don’t mention personal information.
Source: Training materials for Internet commentators.